scholarly journals An Easier Method to Analyze Stereologically the Pig’s Hippocampus

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Thiago Bassi
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neurological Research ◽  
Hippocampus Volume ◽  
Established Technique

Most neuro-pathophysiological research involving the hippocampus uses rodents as a nonhuman model, due to the extensive experimental descriptive literature and favorable cost. The findings from the rodent hippocampus may not be generalizable to humans, though, as ontogenetically they have different hippocampal components. While the rodent model has these limitations, the use of nonhuman primates is often not feasible due to economic and ethical considerations. Pigs are a translational alternative due to the anatomic similarity of the hippocampus in humans and pigs. Materials and Methods: Eight pigs’ brains were harvested and then analyzed according to our previously established technique. Five brains were frozen and three were stored in formalin. All eight brains were then sent to an independent histology service, where they were sectioned according to the methodology established by Holm 1994. The slabs were 10 µm with 2.5 cm2 of hippocampus cross-sectional area. Results: The mean total hippocampus volume was 892.84 mm3 ± 198.91 mm3 using Holm’s methodology. The mean number of cells per sample (20X magnification settings) was 9996.75, using automated ImageJ cell counting. Discussion: In this study, the counts of hippocampus cells were divided into two regions of interest: CA1 and CA3. Our results show that the mean number of hippocampus cells observed was 5.75 million and 2.25 million, in the CA1 and CA3 regions respectively. Holm reported 4.12 million cells in the CA1 region and 1.51 million cells in the CA3 region. The results presented here indicate the CA1 and CA3 cell percentages being 23% and 9% respectively, which are similar to the percentages reported by Holm (21% and 12%). Conclusion: These results corroborate previous findings and demonstrate a novel and cost-effective way to study the hippocampus of pigs in translational neurological research.

scholarly journals Comparative study of intra vaginal misoprostol (PGE1) with intracervical dinoprostone (PGE2) gel for induction of labour

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3769
Author(s):  
Bina M. Raval ◽  
Nainesh S. Zalavadiya ◽  
Pushpa A. Yadava ◽  
Shital T. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Misoprostol Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vaginal Misoprostol ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Labour is a final consequence of Pregnancy and is inevitable. The timing of labour may vary widely but it will happen sooner or later. The aim of the present research was to study the safety, efficacy and effect of intra vaginal Misoprostol and intra cervical Dinoprostone gel for induction of labour.Methods: 100 patients who required labour of induction were included in this prospective cross-sectional study from September 2017- March 2018. 50 patients of them received 25mcg tablet misoprostol intravaginal and 50 patients of them required 0.5mg intracervical dinoprostone gel and doses were repeated every 6 hourly for up to maximum 6 doses for Misoprostol and 3 doses for Dinoprostone gel.Results: The majority of patients had gestational age above 40 weeks and between 37-40 weeks in PGE2 and PGE1 group respectively. The mean time taken for the onset of labour was less in Misoprostol than in Dinoprostone group (43.22min v/s 1 hr40 min). The mean time taken for induction to active phase of labour (1hr 42min v/s 4hr 10min) and active phase to delivery (3hr 6min v/s 4hr54min) was less in Misoprostol than Dinoprostone group. The mean time required for induction to delivery was less in Misoprostol group (5hr 2min v/s 11hrs). Requirement of oxytocin for augmentation of labour was almost equal in both groups. Caesarean section rate was less in Misoprostol group (10% v/s 22%). Maternal side effects were minimal in either groups and neonatal outcome was good in both the groups.Conclusions: Both Misoprostol and Dinoprostone gel are safe, effective for cervical ripening and induction but Misoprostol is more cost effective and stable at room temperature.

scholarly journals Akurasi Hitung Jumlah Eritrosit Metode Manual dan Metode Otomatis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Neni Oktiyani ◽  
Fahriyan Fahriyan ◽  
Akhmad Muhlisin
Keyword(s):  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Erythrocyte Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Manual Method ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

<p style="text-align: justify;">In a laboratory, an erythrocyte is done by using hemocytometer and microscope. The task is to measure and assess the size and shape of the erythrocyte. But this procedure is time consuming, complex and tedious. As a solution to this problem, to provide an automated, cost-effective and efficient alternative to detection and counting of erythrocyte, hematology analyzers are used. However, false results related either to erythrocyte or other parameters from complete blood count may be observed in several instances. The objective study was to compare the accuracy of erythrocyte count results of automatic hematological analysis by the manual method. The study is an analytic survey with a cross-sectional design. Erythrocyte counting is done by using three types of control blood, namely high, normal and low, with 9 repetitions. In high control blood, the mean erythrocytes count by the manual method was 7.08 million/μl with a bias value of 1.4%, while that by the automated method was 7.03 million/μl with a bias value of 0.7%. The mean erythrocyte count in normal control blood by the manual method was 4.50 million/μl with a bias value of 0.9%, while that by the automated method was 4.4 million/μl with a bias value of 2.4%. And in low control blood, the mean erythrocyte count by the manual method was 1.72 million/μl with 4.4% bias value, while that the automated method was 1.67 million/μl with 1.2% bias value. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in accuracy between the erythrocyte count of manual methods with automated methods.</p>

Comparison of attitude of nurses and nursing students toward euthanasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 096973302199975
Author(s):  
Alireza Khatony ◽  
Masoud Fallahi ◽  
Mansour Rezaei ◽  
Somayeh Mahdavikian
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Background: Euthanasia is a controversial issue in many countries. However, there is little evidence about attitudes of nurses and nursing students toward euthanasia. Research aims: The present study aimed to compare nurses and nursing students' attitudes toward euthanasia. Research design: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants and research context: Using census sampling, 390 nurses and 125 nursing students were enrolled in this study. Methods: Data were collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire and Euthanasia Attitude Scale that included 20 items that sought to record participants’ level of agreement with euthanasia based on a Likert-type scale. Ethical considerations: Objectives of the study were stated for all samples, and emphasized the confidentiality of their specifics and responses, and informed written consent was obtained from all participants. Findings: The mean score of nurses and nursing students’ attitudes about euthanasia was 3.14 ± 0.26 and 3.22 ± 0.24 out of 5, respectively. The majority of nurses ( n = 250, 65.78%) and nursing students ( n = 97, 80.83%) had a positive attitude toward euthanasia. There was a significant statistical difference between the attitudes of nurses and nursing students to euthanasia ( p = .005). Discussion: The results indicated that the majority of students and nurses had a positive attitude regarding euthanasia. Conclusion: It was recommended to conduct more studies on euthanasia in Iran.

Psychosocial determinants of nurses’ intention to practise euthanasia in palliative care

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Lavoie ◽  
Gaston Godin ◽  
Lydi-Anne Vézina-Im ◽  
Danielle Blondeau ◽  
Isabelle Martineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Moral Norm ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychosocial Determinants ◽  
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire ◽  
The Mean

Background: Most studies on euthanasia fail to explain the intentions of health professionals when faced with performing euthanasia and are atheoretical. Research objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the psychosocial determinants of nurses’ intention to practise euthanasia in palliative care if it were legalised. Research design: A cross-sectional study using a validated anonymous questionnaire based on an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Participants and research context: A random sample of 445 nurses from the province of Quebec, Canada, was selected for participation in the study. Ethical considerations: The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec. Findings: The response rate was 44.2% and the mean score for intention was 4.61 ± 1.90 (range: 1–7). The determinants of intention were the subjective (odds ratio = 3.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.50–6.35) and moral (odds ratio = 2.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.58–5.49) norms. Specific beliefs which could discriminate nurses according to their level of intention were identified. Discussion: Overall, nurses have a slightly positive intention to practise euthanasia. Their family approval seems particularly important and also the approval of their medical colleagues. Nurses’ moral norm was related to beneficence, an ethical principle. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify nurses’ motivations to practise euthanasia in palliative care using a validated psychosocial theory. It also has the distinction of identifying the ethical principles underlying nurses’ moral norm and intention.

The quality of obtaining surgical informed consent

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soodabeh Joolaee ◽  
Somayeh Faghanipour ◽  
Fatemeh Hajibabaee
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Consent Form ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software

Background: Informed consent goes beyond signing a form; it is a process of providing necessary information, helping patients make an informed decision, and actively participate in their treatment. Aim/objective: This study aimed to assess the quality of obtaining surgical informed consent in hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Research design/participants/context: In a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study, 300 patients were chosen through stratified sampling from seven hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researchers and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics on SPSS software. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval of this study was granted by Tehran University of Medical Sciences research ethics committee. Written informed consent for participation was obtained. The participants were reassured that their information will be used anonymously and their answers will not affect their treatment and care. Findings: The mean score of quality of acquisition of informed consent was 17.13 out of 35, indicating that the quality falls in the inappropriate category. The results indicate that 48% of the signatories do not even read the form before signing it. Among the 52% who did read the consent form, 61.3% mentioned varying degrees of incomprehensibility of the consent form and 94.2% mentioned the presence of incomprehensible technical, medical and legal vocabulary. Only 12% and 18% of respondents reported that they were not in hurry and they had no fear or anxiety, respectively, when signing the form. The quality of obtaining informed consent was higher in women, younger patients, patients with higher education, and those who had special surgeries. Discussion: This study shows a poor practice in obtaining surgical informed consent in Iran. It seems necessary to consider fundamental changes in the process of acquiring consent based on the temporal and local conditions of the patients.

Evaluation of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in Pre-Eclamptic and Normotensive Women in 3rd Trimester of Gestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 2119-2121
Author(s):  
Salza Zainab ◽  
Armish Saeed ◽  
Shazia Awan ◽  
Sehrish Raja ◽  
Faiza Khanum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Automated Hematology Analyzer

Objective: To determine the mean platelet volume (MPV) in pre-eclamptic and normotensive women presenting in 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Multan Medical and Dental College/Ibn-e-Sina Hospital, Multan during from 29-May-2019 to 28-Nov-2019. Methodology: 246 pregnant females were included in this study. Patients were assessed for pre-eclampsia those who were history of blood pressure >140 mmHg and 90 mmHg diastolic as seen on examination on three consecutive readings. Data of maternal hemogram taken at presentation was recording using an automated hematology analyzer. mean platelet volume (MPV) was recorded at completion of 36th week of gestation. Results: Mean age of patients included in this study was 34.22±5.02 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) of patients was 24.58±4.65 kg/m2. Mean parity was 2.63±0.78. Mean blood pressure of patients was 128.37±15.06 mmHg. The mean platelet volume in patients with normotensive pregnancy was 9.27±1.31 fL versus 12.49±1.51 fL in patients pre-eclampsia. This difference was statistically significant with p-value of <0.0001. Conclusion: As a biomarker for preeclampsia severity, MPV is a valuable tool. In a clinical context, MPV is regularly acquired during a complete blood count, making it a potentially cost-effective prediction tool for evaluating pre-eclampsia Keywords: Pregnancy, Pre-eclampsia, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)

scholarly journals The Effect of Additives on Bending Strenght of Pultruded Hybrid Reinforced Resol Type Phenolic Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 418-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H.A. Malek ◽  
E.S. Zainudin ◽  
Paridah Md. Tahir ◽  
M. Jawaid
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Effect Of Additives ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Established Technique ◽  
Phenolic Composite

Pultrusion manufacturing process is a well established technique for the cost-effective production of high-modulus and lightweight composite materials having constant cross-sectional profiles. A study was carried out to analyze the effect of additives on bending strength of pultruded hybrid reinforced resol type phenolic composite. Glassfibre roving and kenaf fibre hybrid were reinforced in resol type phenolic. A series of bending tests were performed by varying the loading percentage of two type’s pultruded fibres,without additives and with additives. From the results, it was found that the modulus of strength of composites with additives display higher values as compared to composite without additives. The presence of additives were able to synergistically interact with both fibres and finally improve the interaction between them. Analysis of the fracture surface from the bending test were carried out using Dino-Lite digital microscope.

Relationship of Sense of Coherence to Other Psychosocial Indices

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Holmberg ◽  
Anders Thelin ◽  
Eva-Lena Stiernström
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
The Mean

Summary: The concept of “sense of coherence” (SOC) has been widely recognized since it was first introduced by Antonovsky. The originality and usefulness of the SOC scale and its relation to other psychosocial measures has been the subject of lively debate. The aim of this paper was to test for associations between SOC and work-related psychosocial factors (mainly the Job Demand-Control model), general living conditions, education, and social network factors. Cross-sectional data from a population-based sample of 1782 rural males from nine counties in Sweden were analyzed with a multiple regression technique. The subjects were occupationally active at inclusion and the mean age was 50 years (range 40-60). SOC was assessed with the original 29-item questionnaire. Psychosocial variables and lifestyle factors were assessed using questionnaires and structured interviews. The mean SOC among the subjects was 152.3 (standard deviation, 19.4). A strong negative correlation was found between SOC and job demand, whereas a positive correlation with job control was demonstrated. A positive correlation with general living conditions and with social support was also found. However, there was no correlation to education and occupation. Thus, SOC was shown to be strongly correlated to work-related psychosocial factors and social support, but independent of sociodemographic factors.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

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