scholarly journals COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Review of Typical Ct Findings and Differential Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-22
Author(s):  
Anthony Venyo
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Acid Test

Pneumonia that is caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, which is also referred to as 2019-nCoV recently did break out in Wuhan China has been coined the terminology of COVID-19. With the spread of the disease, similar cases of COVID-19 had been confirmed in various regions of the world. Because COVID-19 is a relatively new global disease, clinicians, and patients across the globe would initially not be conversant with the clinical features and radiology imaging characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The causes of pneumonia are protein, many secondary to an underlying cardiorespiratory abnormality while some are related systemic disease. Various imaging techniques generally diagnose cases of Pneumonia. In the current climate, COVID-19 Pneumonia has taken center stage; confirmation relies upon microbiological studies such as real-time polymerase chain reaction or sequencing. These investigations are not usually available in an emergency setting. Computed Tomography (CT) can be used as an essential complement for the diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia in the current epidemic context. But the later may be misleading as other cases of Pneumonia, and interstitial lung disease can easily be confused with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Also, Covid19 Pneumonia may be missed if not considered. The attention of clinicians should be alerted to the possibility of COVID-19 to conduct the appropriate tests to confirm or negate the diagnosis of COVID-19. In asymptomatic as well as in symptomatic patients that have COVID1-9 pneumonia, the initial COVID-19 nuclei acid test results could be normal, which upon subsequent repeat testing would become normal. Still, radiology imaging using a CT scan of thorax would tend to demonstrate various non-specific features that affect a variable number of lobes of the lungs, and these features quickly increase in size when a repeat CT scan of the thorax is undertaken. These findings tend to predate positive COVID-19 test results in some cases of COVID-19. The non-specific changes tend to resolve when the patient resolves from COVID-19 pneumonia. A catalog of radiology images that demonstrate various types of cardio-pulmonary lesions which when encountered by clinicians should alert them to exclude the possibility of COVID-19 Pneumonia has been included in the paper as an aid to alerting clinicians to have a high index of suspicion of radiology images of the thorax which should help them to quickly undertake appropriate tests to confirm or negate the diagnosis of COVID-19 pulmonary infection.

scholarly journals Retrospective Analysis of 2019-nCov-Infected Cases in Dongyang, Southeastern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
G. G. Li ◽  
Z. Lv ◽  
Y. S. Wang ◽  
J. F. Li ◽  
L. F. Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Negative Conversion

The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) has caused increasing number of infected cases globally. This study was performed to analyze information regarding the transmission route and presence of viral nucleic acids on several clinical samples. Confirmed 2019-nCov-infected cases were identified in Dongyang and were treated according to guidelines for the diagnosis of 2019-nCov infection released by the National Health Commission. Information regarding the contacts that the infected people had was collected to determine whether it caused clustered cases. A series of successive nucleic acid examination of feces, oropharyngeal swabs, and sputum was also performed, and the results were analyzed. A total of 19 confirmed cases of 2019-nCov infection were identified in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, China. Five cases showed severe symptoms, and the remaining ones showed mild manifestations. Ten cases infected from two asymptomatic individuals were clustered into two groups. Among 14 cases with consecutive nucleic acid test results, four patients showed positive results in feces after their negative conversion in oropharyngeal swabs. Asymptomatic individuals with the virus could cause 2019-nCov clustered cases, and the clustered cases may differ from sporadic cases on age and length of hospitalization. In addition, nucleic acids in feces last longer than those in oropharyngeal swabs.

scholarly journals Rash in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Shravan Kooragayalu
Keyword(s):  
Skin Rash ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Short Course ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

In December 2019, unexplained cases of pneumonia were reported in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) was isolated from respiratory tract of patients, and the resultant disease was termed as COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) (Jin YH 2020). COVID-19 has spread throughout china and across the world and it was declared as a pandemic by March 11th 2020 (Ng OT 2020). Running Title: COVID-19 is a systemic disease that could affect almost all parts of the body but it primarily affects the respiratory system. There is very limited data in the literature about the dermatological manifestations of COVID-19. An interesting case of skin rash in a patient who was critically ill with COVID-19 is presented here. The skin rash improved after short course of treatment with steroids. It is recommended that clinicians have a high index of suspicion to COVID-19 disease in patients who develop unexplainable rash.

scholarly journals Osteosarcoma of the Maxilla Masquerading as Maxillary Mucocele on CT Scan: A Case Report

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyawati Mohindra ◽  
Amanjit K Bal ◽  
Jagvir Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aggressive Management ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

ABSTRACT Purpose The authors intend to present a case of osteosarcoma of the maxilla which presented like a mucocele, a previously unreported phenomenon. Patients and methods Clinical features, radiology, histopathological findings and endoscopically managed osteosarcoma of the maxilla are presented. Diagnostic difficulties and previously reported diagnostic dilemmas related to osteosarcomas of the maxillary sinus are discussed. Results The patient has been on regular follow-up for the past 10 months, and is free from any local or systemic disease. Conclusion Though osteosarcoma of the maxilla is a rare tumor about 6.5% of all osteosarcomas1, patients tend to be in the late-third to mid-fourth decades of life, a high index of suspicion and aggressive management can reduce the morbidity that goes with the management of this condition.

scholarly journals CT findings of severe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A case report of Heilongjiang Province, China

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 563-566
Author(s):  
Ziao Wang ◽  
Huijie Jiang ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Ruoshui Zheng ◽  
Ru Yi
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Test Results ◽  
First Case ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Seriously Ill

Abstract2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, previously known as novel coronavirus pneumonia) was first discovered in December 2019 and spread widely in China and all over the world in 2020. The initial symptoms of most patients include fever, cough, and fatigue. Dyspnea may occur with the progress of the disease, and acute respiratory distress syndrome may occur in severe cases. The CT manifestations of this disease are mainly ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the lung, which may be accompanied by patchy consolidation, and fibrous changes may appear in the lung at the later stage of the disease. Combined with typical clinical and imaging findings and positive nucleic acid test results, the disease can be diagnosed. We report the first case of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Heilongjiang Province, China. The patient was seriously ill, who felt that he suffered from fever, fatigue, cough, and expectoration and sought medical treatment, with a history of contact with Wuhan. The leukocyte count was normal, and the lymphocyte count was decreased. CT imaging showed large GGO and partial patchy consolidation in both lungs. The patient recovered and was discharged after 26 days of treatment. This study is helpful for early diagnosis and timely clinical management by mastering the typical imaging of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

scholarly journals Imaging Characteristics of Breast Lymphoma; a Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Atif Naveed ◽  
Javairia Aleem
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Breast Tumour ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Breast Lymphoma ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Pet Ct

Introduction: Breast involvement by lymphoma is rare. It can occur as a primary breast tumour or as an extranodal manifestation of the systemic disease. The imaging features of breast lymphoma (BL) arenot characteristic. Biopsy is necessary for diagnosis due to non-specific imaging features. Materials and Methods: A retrospective electronic medical chart review was conducted of patients diagnosed with lymphomaof breast that underwent diagnostic radiological procedures (including mammography, ultrasound breast, computed tomography (CT) scan and positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scan from 1 July 2018 to 31 March 2019 at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Pakistan. Results: Four patients were identified. On mammogram, the most common finding consisted of the presence of high-density masses with circumscribed or indistinct margins. On ultrasound, hypoechoic masses and indistinct diffuse infiltrative patterns were observed. PET/CT and CT were helpful in detecting extramammary sites of disease and for classifying the disease into primary or secondary BL. Conclusion: The early diagnosis of the BL is important. The radiologists should include lymphoma in the differential diagnosis when there is the absence of microcalcifications or spiculated margins on mammography and ultrasound.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of HRCT Imaging Characteristics of Psittaci Pneumonia and COVID-19 Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenni Mao ◽  
Changlian Tan ◽  
Sainan Cai ◽  
Qin Shen ◽  
Qinru Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Chest Imaging ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Pneumonia Patient ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Acid Test

Abstract Backgroud: Both Chlamydia psittaci and COVID-19 virus can cause lung inflammation, which manifests extremely similarly in clinical symptoms and imaging. Especially during the epidemic of COVID-19, psittacosis pneumonia is easily misdiagnosed as COVID-19 pneumonia. The identification of the chest imaging between the two diseases is of special significance when the epidemiological contact history is unclear, and the etiology and nucleic acid test results are not available. This study conducts to compare the imaging characteristics on chest high-resolution CTs (HRCT) between patients with psittaci pneumonia and COVID-19 pneumonia.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the imaging characteristics on chest HRCTs of 10 psittaci pneumonia patients and 13 COVID-19 pneumonia patients. The similarities and differences in HRCT images of patients with psittaci pneumonia and COVID-19 pneumonia were analyzed. Results: HRCT showed that among the 10 psittaci pneumonia patients, 8 cases (80.00%) had single lobe involvement, and 2 cases (20.00%) had multiple lobe involvement. Among the 13 COVID-19 pneumonia patients, 2 cases had single lobe involvement (15.38%), and 11 cases had multiple lobe involvement (84.62%). The types of lesions in 10 psittaci pneumonia patients included simple consolidation in 5 cases (50.00%), and ground-glass opacity (GGO) with consolidation in 5 cases (50.00%). The types of lesions in 13 COVID-19 pneumonia patients included simple GGO in 6 cases (46.15%), GGO with consolidation in 4 cases (30.77%), GGO with paving stone sign in 2 cases (15.38%), and simple consolidation in 1 case (7.69%). Lymphadenopathy was observed in 1 psittaci pneumonia patient (10.00%) and 1 COVID-19 pneumonia patient (7.69%). Among the 10 psittaci pneumonia patients, 8 cases (80.00%) had bronchial inflation, and 6 patients (60.00%) had pleural effusion. Among the 13 COVID-19 pneumonia patients, 5 patients (38.46%) showed signs of bronchial inflation, while no pleural effusion was observed in 13 patients.Conclusion: Chest HRCTs can distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from psittaci pneumonia, and can provide early diagnoses of these two diseases.

A Review of Various Machine Learning Techniques for Brain Tumor Detection from MRI Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 937-945
Author(s):  
Aaishwarya Sanjay Bajaj ◽  
Usha Chouhan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Tumor Detection ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
The Brain

Background: This paper endeavors to identify an expedient approach for the detection of the brain tumor in MRI images. The detection of tumor is based on i) review of the machine learning approach for the identification of brain tumor and ii) review of a suitable approach for brain tumor detection. Discussion: This review focuses on different imaging techniques such as X-rays, PET, CT- Scan, and MRI. This survey identifies a different approach with better accuracy for tumor detection. This further includes the image processing method. In most applications, machine learning shows better performance than manual segmentation of the brain tumors from MRI images as it is a difficult and time-consuming task. For fast and better computational results, radiology used a different approach with MRI, CT-scan, X-ray, and PET. Furthermore, summarizing the literature, this paper also provides a critical evaluation of the surveyed literature which reveals new facets of research. Conclusion: The problem faced by the researchers during brain tumor detection techniques and machine learning applications for clinical settings have also been discussed.

scholarly journals Deep Cerebral Venous Thrombosis—A Clinicoradiological Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujana Gogineni ◽  
Dhananjay Gupta ◽  
R. Pradeep ◽  
Anish Mehta ◽  
Mahendra Javali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Venous System ◽  
Common Risk Factor ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Deep Cerebral Venous Thrombosis ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

AbstractStroke is a common neurological emergency. Almost 80% of strokes are due to arterial occlusion. Venous thrombosis comprises less than 1–2% of all strokes. Involvement of the deep cerebral venous system is still rare and accounts for about 10.9% of all cerebral venous thromboses (CVT). CVT diagnosis is often delayed or missed, because of its variable clinical manifestations. We retrospectively (2015–18) and prospectively (2018–20) reviewed all the cases of CVT in a tertiary care center in south India. Out of a total of 52 CVT cases, 12 were due to the involvement of deep cerebral venous system. Their clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, and outcomes were assessed. The most frequent presentation was headache followed by seizures. Hyperhomocysteinemia was the most common risk factor noted. Imaging characteristics were variable, and a high index of suspicion was required for early diagnosis. All patients had favorable outcome in our study, and except one, all were treated conservatively.

scholarly journals Outcome Prediction in Patients of Traumatic Brain Injury Based on Midline Shift on CT Scan of Brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Govindrao Palekar ◽  
Manish Jaiswal ◽  
Mandar Patil ◽  
Vijay Malpathak
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Emergency Setting ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Ct Head ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Gcs Score

Abstract Background Clinicians treating patients with head injury often take decisions based on their assessment of prognosis. Assessment of prognosis could help communication with a patient and the family. One of the most widely used clinical tools for such prediction is the Glasgow coma scale (GCS); however, the tool has a limitation with regard to its use in patients who are under sedation, are intubated, or under the influence of alcohol or psychoactive drugs. CT scan findings such as status of basal cistern, midline shift, associated traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and intraventricular hemorrhage are useful indicators in predicting outcome and also considered as valid options for prognostication of the patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially in emergency setting. Materials and Methods 108 patients of head injury were assessed at admission with clinical examination, history, and CT scan of brain. CT findings were classified according to type of lesion and midline shift correlated to GCS score at admission. All the subjects in this study were managed with an identical treatment protocol. Outcome of these patients were assessed on GCS score at discharge. Result Among patients with severe GCS, 51% had midline shift. The degree of midline shift in CT head was a statistically significant determinant of outcome (p = 0.023). Seventeen out of 48 patients (35.4%) with midline shift had poor outcome as compared with 8 out of 60 patients (13.3%) with no midline shift. Conclusion In patients with TBI, the degree of midline shift on CT scan was significantly related to the severity of head injury and resulted in poor clinical outcome.

scholarly journals Prehospital identification of Covid-19: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Spangler ◽  
Hans Blomberg ◽  
David Smekal
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Primary Hospital ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Rule Out ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Abstract Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has affected prehospital care systems across the world, but the prehospital presentation of affected patients and the extent to which prehospital care providers are able to identify them is not well characterized. In this study, we describe the presentation of Covid-19 patients in a Swedish prehospital care system, and asses the predictive value of Covid-19 suspicion as documented by dispatch and ambulance nurses. Methods Data for all patients with dispatch, ambulance, and hospital records between January 1–August 31, 2020 were extracted. A descriptive statistical analysis of patients with and without hospital-confirmed Covid-19 was performed. In a subset of records beginning from April 14, we assessed the sensitivity and specificity of documented Covid-19 suspicion in dispatch and ambulance patient care records. Results A total of 11,894 prehospital records were included, of which 481 had a primary hospital diagnosis code related to-, or positive test results for Covid-19. Covid-19-positive patients had considerably worse outcomes than patients with negative test results, with 30-day mortality rates of 24% vs 11%, but lower levels of prehospital acuity (e.g. emergent transport rates of 14% vs 22%). About half (46%) of Covid-19-positive patients presented to dispatchers with primary complaints typically associated with Covid-19. Six thousand seven hundred seventy-six records were included in the assessment of predictive value. Sensitivity was 76% (95% CI 71–80) and 82% (78–86) for dispatch and ambulance suspicion respectively, while specificities were 86% (85–87) and 78% (77–79). Conclusions While prehospital suspicion was strongly indicative of hospital-confirmed Covid-19, based on the sensitivity identified in this study, prehospital suspicion should not be relied upon as a single factor to rule out the need for isolation precautions. The data provided may be used to develop improved guidelines for identifying Covid-19 patients in the prehospital setting.

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