scholarly journals STUDY OF THE ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN THE PHYTOMASS OF ANNUAL HERBS AT VARIOUS METHODS OF AGROCHEMICAL RECLAMATION

Author(s):  
A. Ilinskiy

The results of a lysimetric experiment on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of technogenesis to study the processes of translocation of heavy metals and microelements for annual grasses using various methods of agrochemical reclamation are presented. Studies have shown that the lowest rate of accumulation in plants of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium is observed with the combined use of organic fertilizers with lime: the values of the coefficients of biological absorption were 2,24; 6,35; 1,52 and 3,50 respectively.

Author(s):  
A. Ilinskiy

Under the conditions of a lysimetric experiment on podzolic chernozem, it was found that the use of dolomite flour contributed to a decrease in the mobility of metals and their translocation into crop products, which was reflected in a decrease in their removal relative to the background. The use of mineral fertilizers by increasing the yield of phytomass contributed to an increase in the removal of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium from the soil. The largest total removal of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium with the phytomass of annual grasses (8,035 mg/m2) is observed when using a mineral fertilizer system, and the smallest removal of the indicated metals is observed when using lime without manure (5,092 mg/m2).


2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Bonic ◽  
Vele Tesevic ◽  
Ninoslav Nikicevic ◽  
Jelena Cvejic ◽  
Slobodan Milosavljevic ◽  
...  

Seven elements, namely, arsenic, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese were determined in 31 samples of Serbian plum brandies by applying atomic spectrometry techniques. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for quantification of copper, iron, zinc, manganese, lead and cadmium; and hydride generation atomic spectrometry absorption for arsenic quantification. Measured concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic was assessed according to the Serbian regulations, official regulations of some other countries and in respect of microelements content in other similar distilled alcoholic beverages. Amounts of microelements in maximal recommended daily and weekly intake of plum brandy were determined. The influence of production (home made and industrial), type of wooden barrel (oak and mulberry), and duration of ageing process on the content of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in plum brandies, as well as coefficient of correlation between Cu content and pH value were also studied.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(71)) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Andrey Ilinskiy

The results of a field lysimetric experiment on podzolized сhernozem to study the coefficients of biological absorption of heavy metals and trace elements for root crops and tops of fodder beets using various systems of mineral fertilizers are presented. Analysis of the empirical series of accumulation of elements in the main and byproducts of fodder beet plants showed that the level of accumulation of zinc, lead and cadmium in root crops is significantly lower than in the tops, and the copper content is relatively evenly distributed between the main and by-products according to the variants of the experiment. In the variant with an increased agrochemical background, there was a decrease in the content of copper, zinc and lead in the main and by-products of feed beets, which may be due to the effect of biological dilution when using mineral fertilizers.


Author(s):  
V. O. Kurchenko ◽  
T. S. Sharamok ◽  
O. M. Marenkov

In this article the histological structure of gills and kidneys of the Prussian carp is considered and researched. The research was conducted in the waters of the Zaporizhian (Dnipro) reservoir, namely in the Samara Bay and the lower part of the reservoir (near the village of Viiskove) during 2017–2019. Previous studies have revealed the excess of maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals in the water of the Samara Bay compared to the lower part of the Zaporozhian reservoir. High levels of nickel and cadmium were observed in the Samara Bay. Statistically significant differences were found between the content of copper, zinc, nickel, lead and cadmium in the two areas of the reservoir (p


Author(s):  
K. N. Narozhnikh

Contamination of the food chain with heavy metals has become an urgent problem in recent years due to their potential accumulation in biosystems and is related to increased anthropogenic impact. This study assessed the levels of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in cattle from the Novosibirsk, Krasnozersk, and Maslyanino regions of the Novosibirsk region and the Tselinny region of the Altai region. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of the ecological and geographical factors on the content of heavy metals in the spleen of Hereford gobies. Spleen samples were taken from 31 clinically healthy Hereford bulls aged 16-18 months. Sample preparation was carried out in accordance with GOST 26929-94 and 30178- 96. The determination of the chemical composition of the samples was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization. The median values for the content of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in the spleen of bull calves bred in Krasnozersky, Maslyaninsky, Novosibirsk and Tselinny regions were in the range of 1.6-1.8; 21.0-22.4; 0.06-1.45; 0.01-0.09 mg / kg. The phenotypic variability of the level of copper and zinc was relatively low, while that of lead and cadmium was high. The influence of the ecological and geographical factor was characteristic only for the level of cadmium. Significant differences in the concentration of cadmium in the spleen in animals raised in the Maslyanino region from those bred in the Krasnozersk and Novosibirsk regions were revealed. For copper, zinc and lead reference intervals were calculated - 0.60-2.92; 17.2-26.0; 0.019-0.218 mg / kg, respectively. They can serve as a rough guideline for Hereford cattle bred in the Krasnozersk, Novosibirsk, Maslyanino districts of the Novosibirsk region and the Tselinny district of the Altai region.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
A.V. Ilinskij

The article presents the results of environmental monitoring of the content of heavy metals (copper, zinc, lead and cadmium) in the water of the main channel of the tinki-2 reclamation facility. It was found that the concentration of elements at the exit from the object is less than at the entrance of the reclamation system, copper-by 41%, zinc-by 46%, lead-by 86% and cadmium-by 37%. Based on the ecological and meliorative assessment of the content of heavy metals in water, recommendations are given for their use for on-farm purposes and the use of water circulation systems in agriculture


2020 ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Olga Titarenko

The influence of improvement of natural forage lands on the intensity of accumulation of PB, Cd, Zn and Cu in cereal and legume grasses for application of organic fertilizers and defects to the soil has been studied. It has been proved that the high efficiency of reduction of lead and cadmium in legume-forbs plants for improving the condition of natural forage lands in the area of their local pollution was followed by the introduction of organic matter and defects into the soil. It was also found that with the increase of vegetation years of forbs and legumes of natural fodder lands for the introduction of organic fertilizers and defects, the concentration of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper in it decreased. As a result of theoretical analysis and experimental research, the level of heavy metal contamination of plant biodiversity of natural forage lands at different man-made loads was studied. The intensity of pollution of plant biodiversity of absolute land, normal land and land of excessive moisture of dry lowland meadows of Vinnytsia Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in the conditions of different technogenic loading is estimated. It was found that with a radical improvement of natural forage lands of dry lowland meadows compared to the surface in the conditions of local pollution, a lower intensity of grass accumulation of heavy metals was observed already in the 1st year of vegetation. The analysis of the obtained results allows us to conclude that the vegetation of natural forage lands in the conditions of local pollution of Vinnytsia region can accumulate above the allowable level of cadmium, which is characteristic of dry moisture, relatively lower content of heavy metals. Under the agrochemical impact on natural forage lands there is a certain pollution of their heavy metals, the accumulation of which in the vegetation depended on the system of tillage with the use of organic matter, relatively higher than mineral fertilization with surface tillage. Key words: lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, grass and legumes, natural forage lands.


2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.


Author(s):  
Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽  
Zahra Muhammad ◽  
Amina Zakari

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas   (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr,  Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali  and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above  the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.


2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.


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