scholarly journals Pertussis – Morbidity, Immunization Tactics and Diagnostic Methods in Various European Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Bakhmutskaya ◽  
A. Ya. Mindlina ◽  
A. V. Stepenko
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Bacteriological Method

The paper reviews the incidence of pertussis, immunization tactics and diagnostic methods in 8 countries in the European Regionin 2001–2016. The surveyed countries were selected based on the  incidence of whooping cough: high, relatively high, medium and low. The results obtained showed that the reduction in the incidence of  whooping cough is typical for those European countries where the  immunization against pertussis regimen includes additional  revaccinations of preschool and pregnant women, as well as when coverage of the primary vaccination series exceeds 95%. With the growth of inapparent and not typical forms of the course of whooping  cough, the use of only the bacteriological method of diagnosis does not show the true morbidity.

New features of pertussis vaccination

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
A. P. Cherdantsev ◽  
E. V. Prutskova ◽  
M. P. Kostinov
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
School Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Individual Vaccination ◽  
Regional Programs

The review provides information about the current features of the spread of whooping cough among children and adolescents. It is shown that there is a shift in morbidity to an older age group of the population, which is facilitated by changes in the properties of the pathogen and the widespread use of drugs based on cell-free technology as primary vaccination. Information is given about the possibility of preventing morbidity among schoolchildren and adults by introducing additional revaccinating doses against whooping cough with special drugs in the vaccination calendars. Information is given on effective protection of newborns against this infection by immunization of pregnant women. In our country, there is an opportunity to expand pertussis immunoprophylaxis among children of preschool-school age and adults within regional programs and individual vaccination with acellular pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccines, which has a high profile of safety and immunological effectiveness.

Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Attending Ante–Natal Clinics in Ilorin Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
R.H. Bello ◽  
Y.K.E. Ibrahim ◽  
B.O. Olayinka ◽  
A.A.G. Jimoh ◽  
N.B. Afolabi-Balogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Bacteriological Method ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: The emergence of multidrug- resistance Enterobacteriaceae especially in E. coli bacteria  associated with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in pregnancy is a serious menace globally posing health challenges and confounding successful empirical treatment as well as increasing pregnancy – related  complications.Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli (ESBLs – EC) isolates in pregnant women attending ante – natal clinics within Ilorin - Kwara State, Nigeria.Materials and methods: A total of 53 non - repeated E. coli isolates from urine samples of pregnant women were presumptively identified using standard bacteriological method and confirmed by commercially available Microgen® Identification Kits. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was determined using antibiotics susceptibility test and double disc synergy Method for screening and confirmation respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was further used for the genotypic detection of ESBLs genes.Results: A total 88.67% (47/53) of E. coli exhibited resistance to the cephalosporins of which aztreonam was the highest (75.47%) and the least was cefpodoxime (35.84%) while 85.10% were confirmed positive for ESBL production. The genotypic detection showed the most occurring genotype was blaTEM (50%) blaOXA (27.7%), blaGES (22.5%), blaSHV (15%), blaCTXM and blaVEB (7.5%) while sixty – four (64%) of isolates co – harbored two or more gene. BlaTEM and blaOXA were dominant.Conclusion: This study showed high resistance of E. coli to the third generation cephalosporins harboring different ESBL genes which increases UTIs complexity and limit therapeutic options in pregnancy. Therefore, continuous monitoring of resistance in E. coli, effective appraisal of antibiotic control policies and rational use of antibiotics is therefore encouraged.

scholarly journals Pertussis in a child of the first month of life from family contact

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
O. V. Iozefovich ◽  
S. M. Kharit ◽  
E. I. Bobova ◽  
E. A. Budnikova
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Face ◽  
Family Contact

A case of whooping cough in a moderate form in a child of the first month of life is described in the presented clinical observation. The moderate form was manifested by the duration of the preconvulsive period up to 5 days, the appearance of cyanosis of the face when coughing in the early stages of the disease (1 week), an increase in the number of coughing attacks. The difficulties of treating pertussis in young children are demonstrated by our observation of the course of the disease. There is no vaccination against pertussis in children in the family due to the refusal of parents and children with prolonged coughing were not examined at the outpatient stage. As a result, chemoprophylaxis was not performed on time and the newborn was discharged from the hospital to the center of pertussis infection. The solution to the problem of reducing the incidence in children in the first months of life should be vaccination of pregnant women in the last stages, and vaccination of the environment, including agerelated revaccinations. 

scholarly journals Endometriosis as a Reason of Intraabdominal Bleeding in Pregnancy. Clinical Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Y. A. Revzoeva ◽  
E. Y. Shakurova
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Dark Blood ◽  
Abdominal Bleeding

The article defines the significance and relevance of the problem of endometriosis during pregnancy. 10% of women in the reproductive period have different localization of endometriosis. 25% of pregnancies with endometriosis are complicated by preterm labor. The article presents a clinical case of intra-abdominal bleeding in a 28-year-old pregnant woman with retrocervical endometriosis at gestation age of 32 weeks and 6 days. The article covers the results of examination and special diagnostic procedures of intra-abdominal bleeding in pregnant women with retrocervical endometriosis. The main diagnostic methods were the study of past medical history, ultrasound examination, and laboratory tests. Due to their infrequency during pregnancy internal bleedings present difficulties in their diagnosis. Ultrasound reliably revealed a large amount of fluid in the abdominal cavity and small pelvis and excluded the presence of intrauterine bleeding. Clinical and laboratory tests indicated the severity of the patient's condition. Symptoms of moderate fetal distress were also identified. Therefore, a decision was made about an emergency delivery by the cesarean section followed by an abdominal revision. During the cesarean section, 500 ml of blood in the form of dark blood clots was found in the abdominal cavity. The condition of the premature newborn was in conformity with his gestational age. The source of bleeding were the of endometriosis on the back wall of the uterus. These focuses most likely caused hemoperitoneum. The revision of the abdominal cavity did not find any other foci of bleeding. The postoperative period was uneventful. The article provides general guidelines for the management of pregnant women with severe forms of endometriosis.

Bordetella infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1073-1076
Author(s):  
Cameron C. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Acellular Vaccines ◽  
Infectious Organism

Bordetella are small Gram-negative coccobacilli, of which Bordetella pertussis is the most important human pathogen. Bordetella pertussis is the cause of whooping cough, which remains one of the 10 leading causes of death among children less than five years old. Transmission of this highly infectious organism is primarily by aerosolized droplets. The preferred diagnostic methods are polymerase chain reaction detection from nasopharyngeal samples and serology (IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin). Macrolide antibiotics are recommended if started within four weeks of illness onset. Preventing severe disease in young children remains the primary goal, hence schedules consist of a three-dose infant series and subsequent booster doses. Acellular vaccines enable immunization schedules to include adolescents and adults. Acellular pertussis vaccine given to pregnant women reduces the risk of pertussis in young infants. Antibiotic prophylaxis is given when there is an infant at risk of exposure.

scholarly journals Countering Vaccine Hesitancy among Pregnant Women in England: The Case of Boostrix-IPV

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4984
Author(s):  
Mairead Ryan ◽  
Laura A V Marlow ◽  
Alice Forster
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccine Acceptability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

This study explored the effects of message framing on vaccine hesitancy for the antenatal whooping cough vaccine. The study also assessed whether the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs had any explanatory utility for vaccine intentions and behaviours in pregnant women. A between-subjects, cross-sectional design was employed. Participants (n = 282) were women who were pregnant (mean = 28 weeks, SD = 7.0), living in England and between 18 and 44 years of age. A self-report web-based survey was used to collect data. Participants were randomly assigned to read either (i) disease risk, (ii) myth busting, or (iii) control information before answering questions based on the TPB. No significant effects of message framing were found. Attitudes (Beta = 0.699; p < 0.001) and subjective norms (Beta = 0.262, p < 0.001) significantly predicted intention to vaccinate but perceived behavioural control did not. The TPB constructs accounted for 86% and 36% of the variance in vaccine intention and vaccine history respectively. Disease risk information did not influence vaccine acceptability in this sample of English pregnant women. The study offered preliminary evidence that interventions targeting constructs from the TPB may promote vaccine acceptability among pregnant women.

Diagnostic Methods for Pregnancy Hypertension: Significance of Standardized Conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 72-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Åberg
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Home Monitoring ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Pregnancy Hypertension ◽  
Measure Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

AbstractStandardized conditions for blood pressure measurements and strict definitions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure are essential for a consequent management of hypertension during pregnancy. In Sweden, it has been agreed to measure blood pressure with the pregnant women sitting in upright position. Home-monitoring of blood pressure is recommended in women at risk of preeclampsia.

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