scholarly journals Epidemiological Situation of Schigеllosis in the Republic of Dagestan and Directions for Improving Epidemiological Surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. G. Tagirovа ◽  
N. M-G. Zulpukarova ◽  
Z. M. Daniyalbekova
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Vaccine Prophylaxis

Relevance. Acute intestinal infections still retain their social and medical significance in the world, with a reduction in the incidence of well-studied bacterial infections, such as salmonellosis and, especially, shigellosis.Discussion. Since 2006, the incidence of bacterial dysentery in Russia has continued to decrease, in the Republic of Dagestan it is at a high level, exceeding more than 10 times the national average. Mostly children are sick (up to 75%). Cases of shigellosis are recorded throughout the year, the seasonal increase in the incidence in the summer and autumn is associated with the activity of the main transmission pathogens – water and food. The main causes of epidemiological well-being for schigеllosis in Dagestan are determined by: poor state of the water supply system and sanitary and communal improvement of populated areas; the use of food products stored, transported and sold in the distribution network in violation of sanitary and hygienic requirements. So, in 2017 and 2018 – 67.1% and 32.69% of drinking water samples of water pipelines did not meet hygienic standards, respectively, in terms of sanitary and chemical indicators, 53.1% and 65.6% of water pipelines did not meet the requirements of sanitary legislation. The flare incidence, which is recorded annually, indicates the activity of the epidemic process of acute intestinal infections and shigellosis in the republic. The experience of various territories of the country, including those affected by adverse environmental and climatic phenomena (floods, floods, flooding), shows high efficiency along with traditional measures aimed at breaking the transmission mechanism of the pathogen, Shigellosis vaccine prophylaxis. In Dagestan, vaccination is limited, mainly in foci, where bacteriophage polyvalent dysentery S. sonnei and S. flexneri 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 serotypes are used more widely for prevention and treatment. In this situation, the optimization of the system of epidemiological surveillance of shigellosis, which consists in improving the pre-epidemic diagnosis and epidemiological monitoring of measures aimed at each link in the epidemic process, including the creation of immunity to pathogens in individual population groups due to specific prevention, is of particular relevance to the Republic.Conclusion. The constant flare incidence of dysentery dictates the need, along with traditional measures to interrupt the transmission of the pathogen, to carry out vaccine prophylaxis more widely in risk groups. Potential sources of shigella have formed in the republic; there is a potentially high risk of the mechanism of transmission of the pathogen, as well as the population potentially susceptible to the pathogen, indicating the presence of such a danger and the need for its comprehensive study as an object of risk-oriented surveillance. Thus, the key directions in improving the surveillance of shigеllosis in the Dagestan Republic should be pre-epidemic diagnosis in a risk-based epidemiological surveillance system. The introduction of modern sensitive, specific, standardized methods of laboratory diagnostics will make it possible to effectively carry out risk-oriented epidemiological surveillance, which makes it possible to identify the transition of risk factors from potential to real, activating the epidemic process.

Determinants of the epidemic process of malaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Esmira Musa Guliyeva ◽  
◽  
Nargiz Mehman Zeynalova ◽  
Lala Islah Rustamova ◽  
Fatma Idayat Mamedova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Sick People ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Malaria Epidemic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Key Words Malaria ◽  
Artificial Reservoirs

Malaria was found in the regions of the republic and in Baku. Natural and artificial reservoirs are a favorable breeding ground for mosquitoes. Environmental factors influence the activity and the increase and decrease in the number of mosquitoes. The mosquito activity is affected by the smells of sick people. The epidemic process of malaria is influenced by natural, social and biological factors. The epidemiological control of malaria in the country has led to the elimination of the disease. Key words: malaria, epidemic process, source of infection, mosquitoes, determinants: biological, natural and social factors, epidemiological surveillance, elimination

scholarly journals THE IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTIONS IN KRASNODAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
D. V. Sutovskaya ◽  
A. V. Burlutskaya ◽  
A. V. Dubova ◽  
E. I. Tunikova ◽  
V. V. Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Primary Prophylaxis ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Vaccine Prophylaxis ◽  
Rotavirus Infections

Aim. This research was performed to study the specific immunoprophylaxis of rotavirus infection among child population in Krasnodar.Materials and methods. There was conducted the analysis of 2386 medical records of patients who were immunized against the rotavirus infection by the pentavalent reassortant vaccine "Rotatec" for the period of 2013-2017, the assessment of the incidence of acute intestinal infections (AII) and rotavirus infection among vaccinated and unvaccinated children of the first two years of life as well as a comparative analysis of primary prophylaxis of rotavirus infection with the incidence of rotavirus infection according to data of Rospotrebnadzor for the study period.Results. Coverage of the vaccination against rotavirus infection among children in Krasnodar for the period of 2013−2017 was 5,6 % of the target cohort which is not enough to reduce the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis. There was demonstrated the efficacy and safety of rotavirus vaccine. During the study period vaccinated children were 2.5 times less likely to suffer from AII. No cases of rotavirus infection were reported among the vaccinated respondents.Conclusion. The leading role of rotavirus infection in severe forms of acute gastroenteritis in children of the first 5 years of life as well as the high efficiency of vaccine prophylaxis gives hope that vaccination against rotavirus infection will be included in the Russian national calendar of preventive vaccinations everywhere in the nearest future. 

scholarly journals THE MONITORING OF DOMINANT ENTERIC VIRUSES IN WASTEWATER AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OF ACUTE VIRAL INTESTINAL INFECTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
T. V. Amvrosieva ◽  
◽  
N. V. Paklonskaya ◽  
I. V. Belskaya ◽  
Y. B. Koltunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Epidemiological Approach

Background. The monitoring of enteric viruses in wastewater is a new epidemiological approach allowing to detect the intensity of their circulation in humans. The aim of the study is to conduct and analyze parallel monitoring studies of wastewater and biological material from patients with acute viral intestinal infections (AEI) selected from different regions of the Republic of Belarus in terms of their actual pathogens. Material and methods. 403 samples of wastewater and 381 samples of feces from patients with AEI, collected in different regions of Belarus, were examined by real-time PCR. Results. In patients with AEI, rotaviruses A (20,4%) and noroviruses of the genogroup 2 (10,2%) were most often detected, while adenoviruses F (2,2%), enteroviruses (0,8%) and noroviruses 1 (0,3%) were found quite rarely. Adenoviruses F (25,9%), rotaviruses A (18,4%) and enteroviruses (13,4%) dominated in wastewater samples while noroviruses 2 (6,8%) and noroviruses 1 were detected much less frequently (1,5%). Certain differences were revealed in the percentage of viral AСI pathogens present in patients and those found in wastewater, that indicates active hidden circulation of some of them (adenoviruses F and enteroviruses). SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus was detected in one of the wastewater samples. The conducted sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of its nucleotide sequence showed 100% similarity with the sequences of isolates identifed in patients with COVID-19.Conclusions. The obtained data indicate the potential of the studies based on monitoring of intestinal viruses in wastewater in order to increase the effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance of known AEI pathogens circulation and to identify new and emerging ones.

scholarly journals Monitoring for incidence of Yersiniosis and environmental contamination by these pathogens in the Tyumen region. Report 1. Regularities of the epidemic process of Yersinioses iersiniozov in the Tyumen region

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
V. V. Mefodev ◽  
K. G. Perminova ◽  
O. A. Dubinina
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Moderate Relationship

There was established the stabilization of the incidence of these infections in the long-term dynamics, that is caused by constant actingfactors. There are determined risk territories (Tyumen, one rural forest-steppe district and three rural districts of southern boreal forest), risk groups: children aged 3-6 and 7-14 years for Yersiniosis enterocolitica and Yersiniosis pseudotuberculosis and children 3-6 of years for Yersiniosis enterocolitica, risk time: January June for pseudotuberculosis and for January, March, May, June, August, October for Yersiniosis enterocolitica. The intensity of contamination of vegetables and fruits by Yersinia-bacterias on months correlates with incidence of these infections (average, moderate relationship; r = 0,57 ± 0,19). To control the epidemic process of Yersinioses there is reasonable the improvement of the system of epidemiological surveillance and elaboration of the program of interrelationship and interaction between involved bodies and institutions of The Federal Service on Customers' Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance, State Agricultural Committee and the educational sphere.

scholarly journals Experience of Vaccination against Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in the Sverdlovsk Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Smirnova ◽  
A. A. Golubkova ◽  
S. V. Koltunov
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
Vaccine Prophylaxis ◽  
First Year Of Life

Relevance. Rotavirus infection (RVI) is a widespread disease with a high intensity of the epidemic process and variability of its manifestations from sporadic cases of diseases to large outbreaks. At the present stage, RVI remains one of the urgent problems for practical health care, and vaccination is still the only and most effective method of monitoring RVI. To date, the practice has accumulated a great experience of vaccination against RVI, confirmed its high clinical and immunological efficacy. However, in the Sverdlovsk region, no studies have been conducted to assess the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccination against RVI. Goal. To assess the effectiveness and safety of vaccine prophylaxis for rotavirus infection and its impact on the epidemic process of acute intestinal infections in the framework of the regional program of vaccine prevention of RVI in the Sverdlovsk region. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2015. Vaccination first year of life children of the against RVI was carried out with live oral pentavalent vaccine (PEPV) in 4 municipalities of the Sverdlovsk region, in which the incidence of RVI exceeded the average regional indices. A special questionnaire was developed to assess the data on vaccination against RVI, which included information on the gender characteristics of the vaccinated, their age, the presence of episodes of acute intestinal infections before, during and after vaccination, combinations of the vaccine against RVI with the introduction of other immunobiological drugs, reactions to Inoculations. A total of 785 questionnaires from medical organizations of 4 cities of the Sverdlovsk region were analyzed. Results. In the «risk territories» 27.3 to 47.0% children from the first year of life were 3 times vaccinated. After the immunization in all territories was a decrease incidences of rotavirus infection, as well as a decrease in the cumulative percentage of infection with RVI in the age group of children under the 1 age. Children vaccinated against RVI had no cases of rotavirus infection, as well as hospitalizations for acute intestinal infections of other etiology, during the entire follow-up period. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that vaccination against RVI is an effective tool for controlling morbidity. The optimal age for the initiation of immunization against RVI is 2 months of the child's life (8 weeks), which allows to take into account the minimum and maximum terms of vaccine introduction, actively combine vaccinations against RVI with the introduction of other immunobiological drugs of the National schedule of preventive vaccinations and timely complete the vaccination against RVI to 32 weeks of a child's life. 

Amoxicilin and Clavulanic Acid Intercaled Nanostructures for Dentistry Uses

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-398
Author(s):  
Georgeta Zegan ◽  
Daniela Anistoroaei ◽  
Elena Mihaela Carausu ◽  
Eduard Radu Cernei ◽  
loredana Golovcencu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cell Penetrating ◽  
Novel Drug

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are two of the most commonly prescribed antibacterial worldwide for treating oral infectious diseases. Oral health is of big importance for well-being and general health. A few novel drug delivery systems were designed for oral treatment and prophylaxis of different diseases in the oral cavity. This work focused on the latest drug delivery development of the most common oral pathologies, namely, periodontitis, oral mucosal infections, dental caries and oral cancer. Herein we reveal the synthesis, characterization and application of chitosan nanoparticles for intracellular transport of the weakly cell-penetrating amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in order to improve their efficacy on bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Perceived hazardous physical work environments and job-related affective well-being of navy officers aboard the Republic of Korea Navy ships and submarines in South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001702
Author(s):  
Doseon Jo ◽  
C K Koh
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Naval Officers

IntroductionNavy ships and submarines are important military measures that protect the Republic of Korea. They also comprise naval officers’ workplace. However, few studies have examined naval officers’ working environment and their job-related well-being. This study aimed to explore exposure to hazardous work environments among navy officers aboard ships and submarines and their association with job-related affective well-being.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample comprised 146 officers from 4 navy ships and 98 officers from 5 submarines. Items of exposure to the eight types of hazardous work environments and the Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS) were included in the self-report survey questionnaires.ResultsThe most common hazards reported by officers aboard navy ships were vibration (63.7%) and air pollution (56.2%). For submarine officers, these hazards were lack of personal space (72.4%) and air pollution (67.3%). The average JAWS score for ship officers and submarine officers was 69.81 (SD=10.89) and 70.50 (SD=10.83), respectively. For ship officers, exposure to air pollution, noise, vibration, thermal discomfort during summer or winter and lack of personal space were significantly correlated with lower JAWS scores. For submarine officers, exposure to fire, burning or electrical shock, air pollution, noise, thermal discomfort during summer or winter and lack of personal space were significantly correlated with lower JAWS scores.ConclusionsThis study revealed that some naval officers aboard ships or submarines are exposed to hazardous work environments. Moreover, certain types of hazardous work environments were associated with naval officers’ job-related affective well-being.

LAND RECLAMATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
M. I. LOSKIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Supply ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The current state of agricultural land reclamation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), its role in agricultural production of the republic, taking into account the impact of climate change on irrigation facilities, is considered. It has been established that at present in the sphere of public administration in the field of land reclamation in the republic there are estuary irrigation systems, drainage systems and agricultural water supply facilities, as well as group water pipelines for water supply of rural settlements and irrigation of agricultural land.

scholarly journals ICT to Promote Well-Being within Families

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jure Trilar ◽  
Andrej Kos ◽  
Simona Jazbinšek ◽  
Lea Jensterle ◽  
Emilija Stojmenova Duh
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Time ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
European Regional Development Fund ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Future Program

Within the Active Living and Well-Being Project (RRP3), funded by the Republic of Slovenia and the European Regional Development Fund Investing in Your Future program, we aim to develop different approaches and prototype solutions to provide ICT solutions for the family in order to connect its members; communicate; promote quality family time, active life, a health-friendly lifestyle and well-being; and integrate various sensor and user-based data sources into a smart city ecosystem platform. A mixed methodology, combined qualitative and quantitative approaches, was selected to conduct the study. An online survey with a structured questionnaire as well as semi-structured interviews were performed. Through the analysis of the results, we tried to establish a family-centered design approach that would be inclusive as much as possible, creating benefits for all generations in order to develop an interactive prototype solution that would allow us to further test and verify different use-case scenarios.

scholarly journals Experience in the implementation of epidemiological surveillance of West Nile fever in the Volgograd region

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
M. V Monastyrskiy ◽  
N. V Shestopalov ◽  
V. G Akimkin ◽  
Yu. V Demina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

West Nilefever (WNF) is the most important arbovirus infectionfor the Volgograd region. The observed decrease in the WNF incidence from 2001 to 2006, in 2008 and2009, the reducing the number ofsevere forms ofdiseases only give evidence ofa temporary regression of the epidemic process in the territory of the Volgograd region. In the territory of the Volgograd region there are prerequisites and harbingers of the complication of epidemiological situation on West Nile fever. The aim of the performed in the Volgograd region epidemiological surveillance for WNF is to provide the information necessary and sufficient for the analysis of the epidemiological situation, as well as to determine the direction of policy and activities in public health and in making management decisions.

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