scholarly journals Use of ornidazole in the treatment of anaerobic infection in surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Yu M Babina ◽  
O A Nazarchuk ◽  
D V Dmytriiev
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Anaerobic Infection ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Surgical Infections ◽  
Anaerobic Infections

One of the most complex problems of modern surgery is the treatment and prevention of anaerobic infection. Main place in overcoming of this infectious complication is devoted to urgent surgical intervention and correct early empiric antibacterial therapy. Special place in the combined empiric antibacterial treatment is devoted to 5-nitroimidazoles. Modern data about clinical efficacy of ornidazole in the treatment of surgical infectious complications is presented in the article. We performed a comparison of therapeutic activity and physical-chemical properties, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of ornidazole with the first representative of 5-nitroimidazole class – metronidazole. Taking into account antiprotozoal and antianaerobic activity of ornidazole, it is recommended to be used in the schemes of combined therapy of severe generalized anaerobic infections and purulent processes of different localization; treatment and prevention of surgical infections after intraabdominal, thoracic, proctological and dental surgical interventions.

scholarly journals Problemy lecheniya patsientov s morbidnym ozhireniem

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Starostina
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Patient Dissatisfaction ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

The article describes evidence-based approaches to treatment of morbid obesity, including surgical interventions designated for bodyweight reduction and provides comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of lifestyle interventions, medical treatment and various types of bariatric surgery. Detailed description of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-surgical vitamin and mineral deficiencies is given. Special attention is paid to high prevalence of mental disorders in patients with morbid obesity, their role in its development, their influence on outcomes of surgical intervention and potential patient dissatisfaction with its results. Necessity of thorough selection of patients for bariatric surgery is emphasized, with assessment of their mental state and proper organization of subsequent life-long follow-up after operation

HOSPITAL INFECTION IN SURGICAL DEPARTMENTS AT HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN 2015

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Dinh Binh Tran ◽  
Dinh Tan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Objective: To study nosocomial infections and identify the main agents causing hospital infections at Hue University Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 385 patients with surgical interventions. Results: The prevalence of hospital infections was 5.2%, surgical site infection was the most common (60%), followed by skin and soft tissue infections (35%), urinary tract infections (5%). Surgical site infection (11.6%) in dirty surgery. There were 3 bacterial pathogens isolated, including Staphylococcus aureus (50%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcusspp (25%). Conclusion: Surgical site infection was high in hospital-acquired infections. Key words: hospital infections, surgical intervention, surgical site infection, bacteria

Chlorinated Organics in Nearshore Waters and Tributaries of the St. Clair River

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry G. Oliver ◽  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The concent rat ions of hexachloroethane (HCE), hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), pentachlorobenzene (QCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) in large volume water samples show that the major sources of these chemicals to the St. Clair River are Dow Chemical Company effluents and, to a lesser degree, Sarnia’s Township ditch which drains one of Dow’s waste disposal sites. Tributaries entering the river on both sides of the Canada/United States border contain measurable concentrations of these chemicals indicating low level contamination throughout the area. The degree of water/suspended sediment partitioning of the chemicals (Kp) was studied. Kp values for the individual chemicals changed in a manner consistent with changes in their physical-chemical properties.

Polymer-Graphene Nanoassemblies and their Applications in Cancer Theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1340-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnurengam M. Sivakumar ◽  
Matin Islami ◽  
Ali Zarrabi ◽  
Arezoo Khosravi ◽  
Shohreh Peimanfard
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

Background and objective: Graphene-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties including two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superconductivity and good biocompatibility. On the other hand, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored as theranostics agents, the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics. In recent years, grafting hydrophilic polymer moieties have been introduced as an efficient approach to improve the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials and obtain new nanoassemblies for cancer therapy. Methods and results: This review would illustrate biodistribution, cellular uptake and toxicity of polymergraphene nanoassemblies and summarize part of successes achieved in cancer treatment using such nanoassemblies. Conclusion: The observations showed successful targeting functionality of the polymer-GO conjugations and demonstrated a reduction of the side effects of anti-cancer drugs for normal tissues.

Do People Trust in Robot-Assisted Surgery? Evidence from Europe (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Torrent-Sellens ◽  
Ana Jiménez-Zarco ◽  
Francesc Saigí-Rubió
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Robot Assisted Surgery

BACKGROUND Increasingly intelligent and autonomous robots are destined to have a huge impact on our society. Their adoption, however, represents a major change to the healthcare sector’s traditional practices, which, in turn, poses certain challenges. To what extent is it possible to foresee a near-future scenario in which minor routine surgery is directed by robots? And what are the patients’ or general public’s perceptions of having surgical procedures performed on them by robots, be it totally or partially? A patient’s trust in robots and AI may facilitate the spread and use of such technologies. OBJECTIVE The goal of our study was to establish the factors that influence how people feel about having a medical operation performed on them by a robot. METHODS We used data from a 2017 Flash Eurobarometer (number 460) of European Commission with 27,901 citizens aged 15 years and over in the 28 countries of the European Union. The research designs and tests a technology acceptance model (TAM). Logistic regression (odds ratios, OR) to model the predictors of trust in robot-assisted surgery was calculated through motivational factors, robots using experience and sociodemographic independent variables. RESULTS The negative relationship between most of the predictors of ease of use, expected benefits and attitude towards robots, and confidence in robot-assisted surgery was contrasted. The only non-sociodemographic predictor variable that has a positive relationship with trust in robots participating in a surgical intervention is previous experience in the use of robots. In this context, we analyze the confidence predictors for three different levels of robot use experience (zero use, average use, and high use). The results obtained indicate that, as the experience of using robots increases, the predictive coefficients related to information, attitude and perception of robots become more negative. Research results also determined that variables of a sociodemographic nature played an important predictive role. It was confirmed that the effect of experience on trust in robots for surgical interventions was greater among men, people between 40 and 54 years old, and those with higher educational levels. CONCLUSIONS Despite the considerable benefits for the patient that the use of robots can bring in a surgical intervention, the results obtained show that trust in robots goes beyond rational decision-making. By contrasting the reasons that generate trust and mistrust in robots, especially by highlighting the experience of use as a key element, the research makes a new contribution to the state of the art and draws practical implications of the use of robots for health policy and practice.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Cystine Stones: A Single-Center Experience for 13 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Toshifumi Takahashi ◽  
Shinya Somiya ◽  
Katsuhiro Ito ◽  
Toru Kanno ◽  
Yoshihito Higashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Cystine Stones

Introduction: Cystine stone development is relatively uncommon among patients with urolithiasis, and most studies have reported only on small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. We evaluated clinical courses and treatment outcomes of patients with cystine stones with long-term follow-up at our center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 22 patients diagnosed with cystine stones between January 1989 and May 2019. Results: The median follow-up was 160 (range 6–340) months, and the median patient age at diagnosis was 46 (range 12–82) years. All patients underwent surgical interventions at the first visit (4 extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, 5 ureteroscopy, and 13 percutaneous nephrolithotripsy). The median number of stone events and surgical interventions per year was 0.45 (range 0–2.6) and 0.19 (range 0–1.3) after initial surgical intervention. The median time to stone events and surgical intervention was 2 years and 3.25 years, respectively. There was a significant difference in time to stone events and second surgical intervention when patients were divided at 50 years of age at diagnosis (p = 0.02, 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: Only age at a diagnosis under 50 was significantly associated with recurrent stone events and intervention. Adequate follow-up and treatment are needed to manage patients with cystine stones safely.

scholarly journals Shellfish Chitosan Potential in Wine Clarification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4417
Author(s):  
Veronica Vendramin ◽  
Gaia Spinato ◽  
Simone Vincenzi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Chitin Content ◽  
Deacetylation Degree ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Fungal Chitosan ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fish Industry

Chitosan is a chitin-derived fiber, extracted from the shellfish shells, a by-product of the fish industry, or from fungi grown in bioreactors. In oenology, it is used for the control of Brettanomyces spp., for the prevention of ferric, copper, and protein casse and for clarification. The International Organisation of Vine and Wine established the exclusive utilization of fungal chitosan to avoid the eventuality of allergic reactions. This work focuses on the differences between two chitosan categories, fungal and animal chitosan, characterizing several samples in terms of chitin content and degree of deacetylation. In addition, different acids were used to dissolve chitosans, and their effect on viscosity and on the efficacy in wine clarification were observed. The results demonstrated that even if fungal and animal chitosans shared similar chemical properties (deacetylation degree and chitin content), they showed different viscosity depending on their molecular weight but also on the acid used to dissolve them. A significant difference was discovered on their fining properties, as animal chitosans showed a faster and greater sedimentation compared to the fungal ones, independently from the acid used for their dissolution. This suggests that physical–chemical differences in the molecular structure occur between the two chitosan categories and that this significantly affects their technologic (oenological) properties.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Anaerobic Bacteria in Major Liver Resection

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Jens Strohäker ◽  
Sophia Bareiß ◽  
Silvio Nadalin ◽  
Alfred Königsrainer ◽  
Ruth Ladurner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Liver Resections ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
Anaerobic Infections ◽  
Major Hepatectomies

(1) Background: Anaerobic infections in hepatobiliary surgery have rarely been addressed. Whereas infectious complications during the perioperative phase of liver resections are common, there are very limited data on the prevalence and clinical role of anaerobes in this context. Given the risk of contaminated bile in liver resections, the goal of our study was to investigate the prevalence and outcome of anaerobic infections in major hepatectomies. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 245 consecutive major hepatectomies that were performed at the department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery of the University Hospital of Tuebingen between July 2017 and August 2020. All microbiological cultures were screened for the prevalence of anaerobic bacteria and the patients’ clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated. (3) Results: Of the 245 patients, 13 patients suffered from anaerobic infections. Seven had positive cultures from the biliary tract during the primary procedure, while six had positive culture results from samples obtained during the management of complications. Risk factors for anaerobic infections were preoperative biliary stenting (p = 0.002) and bile leaks (p = 0.009). All of these infections had to be treated by intervention and adjunct antibiotic treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics. (4) Conclusions: Anaerobic infections are rare in liver resections. Certain risk factors trigger the antibiotic coverage of anaerobes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document