scholarly journals Method of Extraction of Cadmium from Waste Cadmium Calcium Phosphate Catalyst

2020 ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
A. Jumanazarov ◽  
V. P. Guro
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Test Result

JSC "NAVOIYAZOT" in the process of producing acetaldehyde uses the catalyst "Catalyst cadmium-calcium-phosphate (CCP-N)" TU 113-03-00209510-108-2006, at a temperature of 340-350 ° C and a pressure of 0.2- 5-0.7 atm. Its service life is 6 months, after which it must be replaced and stored. Meanwhile, it is a potential raw material for the synthesis of a new catalyst. Due to the toxicity of the component, there are practically no publications on the topic of its recycling, processing and production of CCP-N are highly specialized. However, the authors had previously managed to independently solve this problem, a necessary stage of their research was the testing of their own development in production - in JSC "NAVOIYAZOT". Purpose of the work: testing the developed method for extracting cadmium from spent cadmium-calcium-phosphate catalyst. The cadmium recovered from the spent CCP-N catalyst was sorbed on the C-100 Purolite resin. Control of the content of components: СdO, CaO, and Р2О5 was carried out on an ICP spectrometer Aligent 7500 IСP MS. Information was obtained on the yield of the product of processing the solubility of CCP-N, the efficiency of the selected precipitant of cadmium ions, and their sorption on the C-100 Purolite resin. The test result is positive. The effectiveness of the developed method for extracting cadmium was confirmed, with the registration of an application for a patent for it.

scholarly journals Methodology for the quantification of concrete sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Břetislav Teplý ◽  
Tomáš Vymazal ◽  
Pavla Rovnaníková
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Sustainability Management

Efficient sustainability management requires the use of tools which allow material, technological and construction variants to be quantified, measured or compared. These tools can be used as a powerful marketing aid and as support for the transition to “circular economy”. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) procedures are also used, aside from other approaches. LCA is a method that evaluates the life cycle of a structure from the point of view of its impact on the environment. Consideration is given also to energy and raw material costs, as well as to environmental impact throughout the life cycle - e.g. due to emissions. The paper focuses on the quantification of sustainability connected with the use of various types of concrete with regard to their resistance to degradation. Sustainability coefficients are determined using information regarding service life and "eco-costs". The aim is to propose a suitable methodology which can simplify decision-making in the design and choice of concrete mixes from a wider perspective, i.e. not only with regard to load-bearing capacity or durability.

scholarly journals Intensification of the extraction process of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Andryushayev ◽  
Olena Ruban ◽  
Yuliia Maslii ◽  
Inna Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Action ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Temperature Time

The aim. To determine the intensified method of extraction of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves and optimal conditions for the process. Materials and methods. In order to develop the optimal intensified method of extraction samples were prepared in different conditions of raw materials-extractant ratio, temperature, time and multiplicity. As a raw materials spectrophotometrically pre-standardized Acorus calamus leaves were used. The extraction was carried out in a hermetically sealed ultrasonic extraction reactor PEX 1 (REUS, Contes, France). As the criteria of extraction efficiency were indicators of dry residue and total amount of flavonoids determined using methods described in State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The amount of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically on a certified device Specord 200 (Analytik Jena, Germany). Results. According to our research results it was found that ultrasonic action and addition of surfactant significantly improves the efficiency of the extraction process. The optimal conditions for the process were determined. Experimentally proved that the rational raw material-extractant ratio is 1:15. Comparative study of the extraction process with different temperatures showed that the highest amount of extractives is achieved at temperature 70 °C and 45 min of duration. The optimal extraction multiplicity is 3. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the intensified extraction method for Acorus calamus leaves – re-maceration with ultrasound – was established. The conducted researches allowed to develop the method of extraction, expedient in the conditions of the modern pharmaceutical industry.

Innovative Preparation Calcium Hydroxyapatite from Duck Eggshell via Pyrolysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Nuchnapa Tangboriboon ◽  
Jularpar Suttiprapar
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Ceramic Yield

Calcium hydroxyapatite made from duck eggshell react to phosphoric acid with the Ca/P mole ratio 1.67 and calcined at 800º, 900º, and 1000°C for each temperature 2 hr. Duck eggshell is a source of calcium carbonate having high purity content more than 98.101 %w/w and small amount of other metal oxides. Duck eggshell is a bio-material similar to other calcium sources i.e. coral, animal bone, and seashell. There are many advantages of using duck eggshell as a raw material such as abundant, low price, high purity of calcium carbonate content, easy to calcium phosphate formation, biocompatibility, bioactive, non-toxic for human, and the high percentage of ceramic yield 69.73%w/w. In addition, one of the most important advantages is to reduce the amount of duck eggshell waste from household and food industries as environmental conservation. The optimum condition to obtain high purity hydroxyapatite is sintering calcium phosphate at 1000°C for 2 hr. The average particle size, specific surface are, pore diameter, and true density of sample sintered at 1000°C for 2 hr are 39.92 µm, 2.12 m2/g, 98.96 Å, 3.02 g/cm3, respectively, in soft fine white powder. Furthermore, the results obtained by XRF, SEM, and XRD confirmed of sample fired at 1000°C for 2 hr to be calcium hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) of Ca/P mole ratio 1.67 and small amount of calcium phosphate (β-TCP, Ca3PO4) of Ca/P mole ratio 1.5. Therefore, the duck eggshell is a potentially bio-ceramic material to prepare calcium hydroxyapatite applied for biomedical, bio-dental, and many industries i.e. pharmaceutical, toothpaste, cosmetic, and nutrient food etc.

scholarly journals Fish Bone as a Source of Raw Material for Synthesis of Calcium Phosphate

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarcília Henrique Amaral Corrêa ◽  
José Nilson França Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Raw Material

scholarly journals Pengaruh pack carburizing media arang tempurung kelapa terhadap ketahanan aus baja komersial dengan variasi pelumas.pdf

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Wahyu Richard Nugraha ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Sri Chandrabakty
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Wear Factor ◽  
Carburizing Process ◽  
Test Result

This research was conducted to determine the effect of carburizing pack of charcoal shell on commercial wear resistance of steel with variation of lubricant. Carbon used is coconut shell charcoal. Carburizing pack process is done at temperature 950oC with quenching water medium and tempering with temperature 200oC, after carburizing pack process then do wear wear with variation of SAE 40 oil, SAE 90, SAE 140 and also without lubricant (TP). The wear rate on specimens undergoing carburizing process for SAE 40 and SAE 90 testing was 0.08% with wear factor of 0.00193 mm3 / N.km and 0.00202 mm3 / N.km, then for SAE 140 test the wear rate 0.05% and wear factor of 0.00128 mm3 / N.km, as well as for non-lubricant testing (TP) of 0.31% and wear factor of 0.00807 mm3 / N.km. While testing of raw material at SAE test 40 wear rate and wear factor 0,19% and 0,00504 mm3 / N.km, for SAE 90 test result 0,21% and 0,00541 mm3 / N.km, and result Wear rate of SAE 140 test equal to 0,0,18% with wear factor 0,00459 mm3 / N.km then testing without lubricant (TP) equal to 3,59% with wear factor equal to 0,09537 mm3 / N.km.

scholarly journals Оbtaining isovaleric acid extraction from plant raw material

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
V. V. Dyachok ◽  
◽  
I. L. Dіachok ◽  
O. L. Ivankiv ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Isovaleric Acid ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol Solution ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Method Of Extraction

The paper presents a mathematical description of the process of obtaining isovaleric acid by the method of extraction of roots and rhizomes of valerian, taking into account its chemical structure and the nature of the extractant. The traditional case of the extraction process, the straight line of equilibrium in the case of using an aqueous alcohol solution as an extractant and the unconventional case of using desalinated water as an extractant, which is represented by a convex equilibrium line, is substantiated. The cause of the unconventional case is the phenomenon of formation of associations between diphilic molecules of isovaleric acid and dipole molecules with water. The possibility of using ion exchange was investigated to isolate isovaleric acid from the extract of biologically active compounds. The identity of isovaleric acid obtained in this way by the gas method was confirmed chromatography.

The Application of High Content SBS Modified Asphalt Waterproof Layer in the Project of Jing-Jin-Tang Highway's Bridge Deck Maintenance

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 1178-1183
Author(s):  
Hai Feng Zhang ◽  
Lian Yu Wei ◽  
Nan An
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt

Based on the project of Jing-Jin-Tang Highways bridge deck maintenance, this paper will study the raw material, production technology and construction control of high content SBS modified asphalt waterproof layer. According to the long-term follow-up inspection and the test data to constructed project, we could conclude that high content SBS modified asphalt waterproof layer has a good waterproof performance. It prolongs the service life of the bridge deck greatly and ensures the safe operation of the bridge.

Calcium Phosphate Cement (CPC): A Critical Development Path

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliassghar Tofighi ◽  
K. Schaffer ◽  
R. Palazzolo
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cement ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbonated Apatite ◽  
Synthetic Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Substitute Materials

The first generation of synthetic bone substitute materials (BSM) was initially investigated in the mid 1970s using hydroxyapatite (HA) as a biomaterial for remodeling of bone defects. The concepts established by CPC pioneers in the early 1980s were used as a platform to initiate a second generation of BSM for commercialization. Since then, advances have been made in composition, performance and manufacturing. A self-setting and injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) based on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) with calcium to phosphate (Ca/P) atomic ratio less than 1.5, combined with dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD or brushite, seeded with apatite), is proposed. Amorphization of raw material was observed following high energy mechano-chemical processing. Upon hydration, the cement hardened in less than 3 minutes at 37°C and reached a maximum compressive strength of about 50 MPa. The final product was a low crystalline calcium deficient carbonated apatite similar to the composition and structure of bone mineral. In vivo performance of this cement in mediating bone healing was compared to α-BSM® in a rabbit femoral defect model. Performance characteristics of some commercially available CPC products are compared. The concerns of CPC designers and the needs of product users (surgeons) are discussed.

Part I - Sinterability of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials Obtained from Fossilized Calcareous Shells for Biomedical Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 881 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Camila Thais Mamani ◽  
Daiara Floriano-Silva ◽  
Nelson Heriberto Almeida Camargo ◽  
Maicon Douglas Possamai ◽  
Marli Baltazar Roesler Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
X Ray

Failures, infections, tumors are some bone defects causes. To repair these defects, studies show calcium phosphate bioceramics, which have been chemical and crystallographic similarity with the human bone and are biocompatible, favoring the interaction of these with vivo organisms, for bone repair. These biomaterials can be obtained from different synthesis methods. The powders, in this study, were obtained by wet method, using alternative raw material calcium carbonate from fossilized calcareous shells. The present paper aimed to elaborate and characterize different calcium phosphate ratio compositions: (i)1.4; (ii)1.6 and (iii)1.7 molar, sintered for 2 hours at 1100°C and 1200°C, further these powders were compressed in forms of cylinders. The characterization was realized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XFR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The chemical and physical results shown small variations according to the Ca/P molar ratio and temperature increases.

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