scholarly journals Оbtaining isovaleric acid extraction from plant raw material

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
V. V. Dyachok ◽  
◽  
I. L. Dіachok ◽  
O. L. Ivankiv ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Isovaleric Acid ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol Solution ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Method Of Extraction

The paper presents a mathematical description of the process of obtaining isovaleric acid by the method of extraction of roots and rhizomes of valerian, taking into account its chemical structure and the nature of the extractant. The traditional case of the extraction process, the straight line of equilibrium in the case of using an aqueous alcohol solution as an extractant and the unconventional case of using desalinated water as an extractant, which is represented by a convex equilibrium line, is substantiated. The cause of the unconventional case is the phenomenon of formation of associations between diphilic molecules of isovaleric acid and dipole molecules with water. The possibility of using ion exchange was investigated to isolate isovaleric acid from the extract of biologically active compounds. The identity of isovaleric acid obtained in this way by the gas method was confirmed chromatography.

scholarly journals Intensification of the extraction process of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Andryushayev ◽  
Olena Ruban ◽  
Yuliia Maslii ◽  
Inna Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Action ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Temperature Time

The aim. To determine the intensified method of extraction of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves and optimal conditions for the process. Materials and methods. In order to develop the optimal intensified method of extraction samples were prepared in different conditions of raw materials-extractant ratio, temperature, time and multiplicity. As a raw materials spectrophotometrically pre-standardized Acorus calamus leaves were used. The extraction was carried out in a hermetically sealed ultrasonic extraction reactor PEX 1 (REUS, Contes, France). As the criteria of extraction efficiency were indicators of dry residue and total amount of flavonoids determined using methods described in State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The amount of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically on a certified device Specord 200 (Analytik Jena, Germany). Results. According to our research results it was found that ultrasonic action and addition of surfactant significantly improves the efficiency of the extraction process. The optimal conditions for the process were determined. Experimentally proved that the rational raw material-extractant ratio is 1:15. Comparative study of the extraction process with different temperatures showed that the highest amount of extractives is achieved at temperature 70 °C and 45 min of duration. The optimal extraction multiplicity is 3. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the intensified extraction method for Acorus calamus leaves – re-maceration with ultrasound – was established. The conducted researches allowed to develop the method of extraction, expedient in the conditions of the modern pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals Profiling of Collagens from Swim Bladder of Catfish (Pangasius sp.) by Acid Extraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-339
Author(s):  
Gressty Sari Br Sitepu ◽  
Joko Santoso ◽  
Wini Trilaksani
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Swim bladders of catfish contain high protein, therefore it is can be used as a raw material for collagen. The study aims to determine the chemical characteristics of swim bladders, the pretreatment of non-collagen, extraction of collagen dissolves acid and to evaluate the characteristics of collagen. The method of this study is KOH pretreatment with a concentration of 0,05; 0,1; and 0,15 for 12 hours. The extraction process is done by soaking the sample in a solution of acetic acid with a concentration of 0,25; 0,5 and 0,75 M (ratio 1:10; b/v) and extraction time for 24; 48; and 72 hours at 4oC. The experimental design used for alkaline and acetic acid pretreatment were factorial completely randomized design. The result showed that the protein content of swim bladder was 85,26% (db), the profile of amino acids were dominated by three amino acids namely glycine (56,85 mg/g), prolyne (31,03 mg/g), and alanyne (23,85 mg/g). Using 0,05 M KOH for 8 h was selected as the best pretreatment method for collagen extraction. Extraction method using 0,50 M acetic for 48 h resulted he best collagen which revealed the existence of a triple helix structure and had Tg 84oC.

TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PLANT COMPLEX: DETERMINATION OF REGULATED PARAMETERS, FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Technology Of Production

The technology of production of a biologically active phytocomplex in the form of a biologically active additive has been discussed. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the formulation, which forms the functional properties of a specialized product, has scientifically been determined. The main stages of production include the preparation and input control of the raw material, the preparation of a mixture for encapsulation, including the steps of dispensing, sieving, grinding and mixing at a rate of 100 kg / 1 h, encapsulation and deducting, packaging, packaging and storage. A description of the technology of ex-traction of plant raw materials has been given, which is of great importance in the formation of consumer properties of the product being developed. The extraction process includes: obtaining liquid recovery us-ing demineralized water with dissolved in it sodium bicarbonate in an amount of 8% of the dry feed con-tent. The extractant-raw ratio is 1:13, the extraction time is 4 hours for each time; thickening of the liquid extract. It is carried out by means of vacuum in a vacuum evaporator plant before obtaining an extract with a solids content of not less than 20%; obtaining a dry extract. It is carried out by spray drying at a temperature of 90-95 ° C. The advantage of the developed technology of dietary supplements is the possi-bility of combining several differently directed biologically active substances in one capsule. The gelati-nous membrane reliably protects the contents from various environmental factors. Functional properties of the formulation formula of a specialized product are aimed at the prevention and comprehensive treatment of infectious viral diseases, confirmed by the conclusion of experts from the Russian Federal Service for Consumer Rights and Consumer Protection and the results of clinical trials in a group of pa-tients with acute respiratory viral infections. The developed product has been approved and produced at the enterprises of the company «Art Life».

scholarly journals Extraction of Biologically Active Substances from Matricaria Chamomilla Flowers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.Ю. Постраш ◽  
Ю.Г. Соболева ◽  
В.С. Андрущенко
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Active Substances

Важнейшим природным источником лекарственных средств являются лекарственные растения (ЛР), которые содержат разнообразные биологически активные вещества (БАВ). Основными методами извлечения БАВ из ЛР являются методы экстракции, которые приводят к накоплению необходимых биологически важных компонентов в подходящем растворителе (экстрагенте). В зависимости от природы экстрагента, его количества, времени экстракции, температуры и других факторов из одного и того же сырья могут быть получены композиции БАВ с разным химическим составом. Изучено влияние природы экстрагента на степень извлечения гидрофильных и липофильных БАВ из лекарственного растительного сырья на примере цветков ромашки аптечной. В качестве экстрагентов использовалась вода очищенная, растворы этанола различной концентрации, двухфазные системы экстрагентов (смеси растительного масла и водных растворов этанола различных концентраций). В качестве маркеров гидрофильных веществ выступали флавоноиды, в качестве маркеров липофильных соединений – хлорофилл. Установлено, что одним из способов оптимизации процесса экстракции БАВ из цветков ромашки аптечной является применение двухфазной системы экстрагентов, состоящей из подсолнечного масла и 70% этанола, взятых в равных объёмах, которое позволяет осуществить одновременную экстракцию как липофильных, так и гидрофильных компонентов в максимальной концентрации. The most important natural source of medicines is medicinal plants (MP) which contain various biologically active substances (BAS). The main methods for extracting BAS from MP are extraction methods which lead to the accumulation of the necessary biologically important components in a suitable solvent (extraction fluid). Depending on the nature of the extraction fluid, its amount, extraction time, temperature and other factors BAS compositions with different chemical compositions can be obtained from the same raw material. The influence of the nature of the extraction fluid on the recovery rate of hydrophil and lipophilic biologically active substances from medicinal plant materials was studied as exemplified by Matricaria Chamomilla flowers. Purified water, ethanol solutions of various concentrations and two-phase extraction fluid systems (mixtures of vegetable oil and proof spirit of various concentrations) were used as extraction fluids. Flavonoids acted as markers of hydrophil substances, chlorophyll acted as markers of lipophilic compounds. It was found that one of the ways to optimize the extraction process of biologically active substances from Matricaria Chamomilla flowers is the use of a two-phase extraction fluids system consisting of sunflower oil and 70% ethanol taken in equal volumes which achieves simultaneous extraction of both lipophilic and hydrophil components in the maximum concentration.

scholarly journals Modeling the extraction process of medicinal raw materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
I.А. Khabarov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Zhurov ◽  
А.N. Zhabayeva ◽  
S.М. Adekenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Target Component ◽  
Extraction Processes

The review considers 26 mathematical models of the process of biologically active substances extraction from medicinal plant raw materials, taking into account factors affecting the extraction process: diffusion coefficient, particle size, layer porosity, extractant feed rate, raw material grinding method, pressure, temperature and duration of extraction, individual characteristics of raw materials (content of the target component) and technological equipment. In general, these models fall into four important groups: empirical models, models based on heat transfer analogies, a shrinking core model, and models based on differential mass bal-ance. Here were described problems that occur in the selection of mathematical models, first of all, associated with the imperfect behavior of the flows of extraction liquids, and the inhomogeneous cross-section of the extraction apparatus. It was shown that first of all the extraction process modeling requires mathematical models to describe the mass transfer inside solid particles. It is also important to take into account the solubility of the target substances when simulating. It is shown that for describing the extraction processes, the optimal models are Naik and Lentz, Esquivel, diffusion, H. Sovová mass transfer, damaged and undamaged cells for calculating the main factors of extraction processes.

scholarly journals A New Technology for Extraction of Essential Oil from Anethum graveolens L. Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
N. N. Boyko ◽  
D. I. Pisarev ◽  
E. T. Zhilyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Malyutina ◽  
O. O. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Analytical Wavelength ◽  
Method Of Extraction

The aim of this work was to study the possibility of perfluoroorganic solvents use for extraction of main compounds of essential oil from Anethum graveolens L. fruits. We used Anethum graveolens L. fruits with particle size of 0.1–0.5 mm for extraction. We used the method of simple maceration for 24 hours, with raw material to solvent ratio of 1:10 w/v at 24±1°С. Besides, we used the method of circulation extraction in the Soxhlet extractor with raw material to solvent ratio of 1:5 w/v for 1 to 4 hours. The qualitative analysis of extracts was carried out by the method of GC-MS. The quantitative analysis of carvone was carried out by the method of RP HPLC at 240 nm analytical wavelength. The use of simple maceration method provided the following yields of carvone into all types of solvents: 95±4 % for n-hexane, 95±4 % for Novec 7100, and 69±3 % for Novec 1230. The use of the circulation method of extraction for 60 min of solvent circulation provided the following yields of carvone: 93±4 % for Novec 1230 and 92±4 % for Novec 7100. It was noted that the extract obtained with solvent Novec 7100 was contaminated by fatty oil and required an addition stage of purification. The results obtained suggest that perfluoro organic solvents have good prospects and applicability in the phytotechnology for the extraction of some types of biologically active compounds and essential oils from the plant raw material.

scholarly journals Secondary resources of tomato processing as a valuable raw material for obtaining food ingredients

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
E. V. Lisovaya ◽  
E. P. Victorova ◽  
A. V. Sverdlichenko ◽  
N. N. Kornen
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Tomato Pomace ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Tomato Processing ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

It is known that enterprises processing vegetables and fruits generate secondary resources (waste), in particular, pomace, in significant volumes. The most valuable, in terms of the composition and content of biologically active macro- and micronutrients, is tomato pomace. Tomato pomace is a valuable source of natural carotenoids, including lycopene, which exhibits high antioxidant activity. The article provides an overview of scientific research aimed at developing methods for extracting carotenoids, including lycopene, from recycled tomato processing resources. It has been shown that, in general, when extracting carotenoids, including lycopene, from secondary resources of tomato processing, various methods of drying and grinding the raw material are used, and then biologically active substances are extracted. It should be noted that the method of pretreatment of the feedstock, the nature of the solvent, the temperature and duration of the extraction process have a significant effect on the antioxidant activity and bioavailability of carotenoids obtained as a result of extraction. It is shown that the use of a pulsed electric field, treatment with enzymes and ultrasonic treatment of tomato pomace allow to intensify the process of extraction of carotenoids and maximally preserve their antioxidant properties. Thus, it can be concluded that tomato pomace is a valuable raw material for obtaining extracts of carotenoids and, first of all, lycopene, and the development of effec- tive modes of the extraction process that ensure the maximum manifestation of antioxidant properties and the bioavailability of the extracted substance is an urgent task.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS FROM FRESHWATER SAPROPEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneka Klavina ◽  
Agris Auce ◽  
Ivars Vanadzins ◽  
Alise Silova ◽  
Linda Dobkevica
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Minimum Requirements

Sapropel has been used for different purposes - in agriculture as fertilizer, in construction as building material, in cosmetic products, in balneology also in medicine and pharmaceuticals as bioactive component. Previously sapropel has been commonly used in raw form and there is no general accepted method or standard method for obtaining sapropel extract. However, most extraction methods follow the same path. Currently, there are few extraction methods using several extractants for obtaining bioactive components from raw sapropel. The most commonly used extractant is alkaline solution. When sapropel is subjected to alkaline environment, the humic and fulvic acids, together with some lipids, vitamins and sugar, present in the raw sapropel become soluble, however other organic and mineral content present in the sapropel remain solid. Alkaline extraction is followed by filtration and water present in the aqueous mixture is evaporated off. Latvian freshwater sapropel can be used as raw material for obtaining sapropel extract and use it as remedy. But the main question for sapropel usage in medicine, balneology and pharmacy is to develop quality criteria for raw sapropel and its extracts. The quality criteria should include minimum requirements for biologically active substance concentration, pH values, antioxidants as well as physical characteristics. In future studies the differences in extract characteristics of the various deposit sites, as well as the stability of the extracts under different storage conditions should be defined; also, there is need for a common approach to develop method of extraction process for active substances from sapropel and analysis procedures of its extract.

scholarly journals Optimized Supercritical CO2 Extraction Enhances the Recovery of Valuable Lipophilic Antioxidants and Other Constituents from Dual-Purpose Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Variety Ella

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Nóra Emilia Nagybákay ◽  
Michail Syrpas ◽  
Vaiva Vilimaitė ◽  
Laura Tamkutė ◽  
Audrius Pukalskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Total Extract

The article presents the optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE-CO2) parameters using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) in order to produce single variety hop (cv. Ella) extracts with high yield and strong in vitro antioxidant properties. Optimized SFE-CO2 (37 MPa, 43 °C, 80 min) yielded 26.3 g/100 g pellets of lipophilic fraction. This extract was rich in biologically active α- and β-bitter acids (522.8 and 345.0 mg/g extract, respectively), and exerted 1481 mg TE/g extract in vitro oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Up to ~3-fold higher extraction yield, antioxidant recovery (389.8 mg TE/g pellets) and exhaustive bitter acid extraction (228.4 mg/g pellets) were achieved under the significantly shorter time compared to the commercially used one-stage SFE-CO2 at 10–15 MPa and 40 °C. Total carotenoid and chlorophyll content was negligible, amounting to <0.04% of the total extract mass. Fruity, herbal, spicy and woody odor of extracts could be attributed to the major identified volatiles, namely β-pinene, β-myrcene, β-humulene, α-humulene, α-selinene and methyl-4-decenoate. Rich in valuable bioactive constituents and flavor compounds, cv. Ella hop SFE-CO2 extracts could find multipurpose applications in food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetics industries.

Optimization and characterization of flavonoids extracted from Cannabis sativa fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110277
Author(s):  
Qilu Cui ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Chongwen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Degumming Process

In this paper, the extraction process of flavonoids from hemp fibers was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis of the extraction parameters indicated that optimized results would be ethanol concentration 76 vol.%, bath ratio 1:50, and reaction time 139 min; therefore, an optimal extraction rate of flavonoids of 0.2275% can be obtained. The chemical structure, surface morphology and element composition of flavonoid extracts were analyzed. The test results indicated that hemp extract contains flavonoids, which can be used to extract flavonoids from hemp fiber, so as to comprehensively develop hemp fiber and reduce the discharge of waste liquid in the traditional degumming process.

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