scholarly journals La constitution dialogique de la subjectivite: retour sur la relecture par Tugendhat de l’interactionisme americain

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Gaelle Demelemestre
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Individual

The Rawls theory of procedural justice is being subjected to criticism oh theoretical approaches named “Theory of recognition” (A. Honneth, A. Caille, Ch. Lazzeri) emphasing the importance of subjective interactions in the development of the meaningful representation as used by the society to be included as part of its existence. This article intends to show how, by a critical recovery of American interactionism and lessons provided by this school of social psychology. Ernst Tugendhadt shows, on a philosophical level, the importance of the individual enrolment in a dialogical space where are making up the meaning of language used, the standard of right and good, and the notion of truth.

scholarly journals Sustainable Geographical Changes in Rural Areas: Key Paths, Orientations and Limits

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Angel Paniagua
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Rural Studies ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rural Restructuring ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Rurality

Rural differentiation processes have formed the backbone of rural studies. Owing to the strength of rural–urban and local–global relationships, the theoretical approaches to rural restructuring in the Anglo-Saxon world and new rurality in Latin America only have a limited capacity to explain contemporary global phenomena of rural spaces. Due to this, transverse theoretical and methodological approaches have emerged to explain social, environmental and spatial (rural) processes. Here, a new approach is proposed called the individual–global field, based on the individual–global binary category to substitute the traditional relevance of the locality–community–globality association This new approach tries to reinvigorate rural geography in a more flexible way, based on minor theory, to adapt to all the phenomena that can occur globally. In any case, various spatial planes are proposed, dominated by specific socioeconomic processes on which the rural individual would move.

scholarly journals PROCEDURAL JUSTICE AND THE PROBLEM OF INTELLECTUAL DEFERENCE

Episteme ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Ahlstrom-Vij
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Epistemic Virtues ◽  
Epistemic Justice ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Miranda Fricker

AbstractIt is a well-established fact that we tend to underestimate our susceptibility to cognitive bias on account of overconfidence, and thereby often fail to listen to intellectual advice aimed at reducing such bias. This is the problem of intellectual deference. The present paper considers this problem in contexts where educators attempt to teach students how to avoid bias for purposes of instilling epistemic virtues. It is argued that recent research in social psychology suggests that we can come to terms with this problem in two steps, the second of which involves educators communicating their intellectual advice in a procedurally just manner. The components of the relevant form of procedural justice are specified and related to Miranda Fricker and David Coady's notions of epistemic justice. Finally, a series of objections are considered and responded to.

scholarly journals Human security as biosecurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Craig Albert ◽  
Amado Baez ◽  
Joshua Rutland
Keyword(s):  
International Security ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Human Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Research within security studies has struggled to determine whether infectious disease (ID) represents an existential threat to national and international security. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), it is imperative to reexamine the relationship between ID and global security. This article addresses the specific threat to security from COVID-19, asking, “Is COVID-19 a threat to national and international security?” To investigate this question, this article uses two theoretical approaches: human security and biosecurity. It argues that COVID-19 is a threat to global security by the ontological crisis posed to individuals through human security theory and through high politics, as evidenced by biosecurity. By viewing security threats through the lens of the individual and the state, it becomes clear that ID should be considered an international security threat. This article examines the relevant literature and applies the theoretical framework to a case study analysis focused on the United States.

scholarly journals Theorising the deaf body: using Lefebvre and Bourdieu to understand deaf spatial experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 147447402110036
Author(s):  
Dai O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Spatial Experience ◽  
Individual Basis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

In the field of Deaf Geographies, one neglected area is that of the individual deaf body and how individual deaf bodies can produce deaf space in isolation from one another. Much of the work published in the field talks about collectively or socially produced deaf spaces through interaction between two or more deaf people. However, with deaf children increasingly being educated in mainstream schools with individual provisions, and the old social networks and institutions of deaf communities coming under threat by the closure of deaf clubs and changing work practices, more research on the way in which individuals can produce their own deaf spaces and navigate those spaces is needed. In this paper, I outline two possible theoretical approaches, that of Lefebvre’s productive gestures to produce social space, and Bourdieu’s habitus, capital and hexis. I suggest that these theories can be productively utilised to better understand the individual basis of the production of deaf spaces.

A Comprehensive Synthesis of Theories of Mobile Shopping Adoption and Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Rajat Gera ◽  
Priyanka Chadha ◽  
Shirin Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mobile Shopping ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Individual

This paper aims to synthesize and integrate the existing literature on MSA adoption and provide directions for future research through narrative review by classifying and organizing the accumulated knowledge into a thematic framework. The paper's theoretical, conceptual approaches, and results were organized into three themes: online distribution channel (theoretical approaches and antecedent factors of MSA adoption, consumer characteristics), advanced technology for in-store shopping (marketing aspects of MSA), and technology perspectives (technology aspects of MSA). The 25 theories of mobile shopping app (MSA) adoption and usage (at the individual level) from 22 reviewed papers were summarized, defined, and mapped with authors. Research questions have been proposed for theories used in reviewed papers and new theories. MSA adoption is at an emergent stage of evolution with fragmentation of theoretical and methodological approaches. While theories of technology adoption and behavioral intentions have been used predominantly, most studies have adopted a multi-theoretic approach or have extended/modified the model with hedonic, situational, and behavioral constructs. The findings related to consumer characteristics of MSA adoption, anchor constructs, moderator and mediator variables, and marketing and technology features of MSA are synthesized and organized according to the themes. Theoretical and practical implications are drawn, research limitations are identified, and future research directions are suggested.

The consequences of social intolerance on non-violent protest

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Rapp ◽  
Kathrin Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper scrutinizes the impact of intolerance toward diverse ethnic, religious, and cultural groups on an individual’s willingness to actively engage in non-violent protest. Following new insights, we examine the individual as well as the ecological effect of social intolerance on protest behavior. Drawing from insights of social psychology and communication science, we expect that the prevalence of intolerance reinforces the positive effect of individual-level intolerance on protest participation. From a rational choice perspective, however, a negative moderating effect is expected, as the expression of opinions becomes redundant for intolerant individuals in an intolerant society. We base our multilevel analyses on data from theWorld Values Surveyscovering 32 established democracies. Our results reveal that intolerance leads to more non-violent protest participation. This relationship, however, is strongly influenced by the prevalence of intolerance in a country.

The Americanisation of C. L. R. James

Race & Class ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultural Climate ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
To Receive

The writings of the Black Marxist-Leninist thinker and activist C. L. R. James are now widely known and studied, although most of his long career was passed in obscurity. His two most influential books, The Black Jacobins (1938) and Beyond a Boundary (1963) now have a global impact. But his work did not begin to receive wide recognition until the 1980s and 1990s. And it is the nature of that recognition, and the ends to which his work has been put in the US academy, that this article explores. In critiquing a wide range of influential theoretical approaches to James’ work, the author relates current interpretations of it to the wider political and cultural climate engendered by neoliberalism, with its emphasis on the individual not as a historical agent, but as primarily concerned with self-fashioning and cultural identity. In the process, the article demonstrates how the political activist thrust of James’ analyses and work, and its concerns with imperialism and resistance, has been set aside as part of the corporate world’s continuing appropriation of the ‘alternative and adversarial culture of the 1960s’.

scholarly journals Value Orientations of Entrepreneurs Management Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
D. Seleznov ◽  
V. Kacharova
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The article deals with the theoretical approaches and mechanisms of determination of entrepreneurial activity, the formation of individual value orientations of the individual and factors influencing the formation of value and sense of life orientations of entrepreneurs. The analysis of the activity of foreign entrepreneurs shows that among the various personal qualities can be distinguished five of the most important: independence, ambition, perseverance, hard work, stability. The author notes that the increased interest of scientists in the problem of values and valuable orientations is the need for a deeper understanding of the nature of human cognition, which in the process of transformation acquires new characteristics and helps the individual to adapt to qualitatively new socio-cultural living conditions. The work reveals the essence of value orientations of the personality, as those that perform the functions of regulating behaviour and defining its purpose, linking into a single whole personality and social environment. Therefore, at each stage of personality development, the choice of the dominant mechanism of value system formation is determined by a complex set of internal and external factors. Internal psychological factors and factors of the external social environment determine the peculiarities of the development of the system of value orientations, interacting with each other in the implementation of one or another activity. Thus, the article shows that the subject of entrepreneurial activity is characterized by its specific (material, social, spiritual) value orientations, which underlie its activity and determine its structure. Consequently, values that have been identified as specific to entrepreneurial activity are strictly related to the fundamental values of each individual, but have a specific identity to them and determine the direction of the vector-specific business.

scholarly journals Personality Psychology

Psychology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Latzman ◽  
Yuri Shishido
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Individual Person ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Broad Field ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamic Organization

The title of “Godfather of Personality” may well be ascribed to Gordon Allport, who was the first to make public efforts to promote the “field of personality” in the 1930s (see Allport and Vernon 1930, cited under Gordon Allport). Personality psychology—located within what many argue is the broadest, most encompassing branch of psychological science—can be defined as the study of the dynamic organization, within the individual, of psychological systems that create the person’s characteristic patterns of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings (see Allport 1961, also cited under Gordon Allport). The field of personality psychology is concerned with both individual differences—that is, the way in which people differ from one another—and intrapersonal functioning, the set of processes taking place within any individual person. The area of personality psychology is often grouped with social psychology in research programs at universities; however, these are quite different approaches to understanding individuals. While social psychology attempts to understand the individual in interpersonal or group contexts (i.e., “when placed in Situation A, how do people, in general, respond?”), personality psychology investigates individual differences (i.e., “how are people similar and different in how they respond to the same situation?”). Personality psychology has a long history and, as such, is an extremely large and broad field that includes a large number of approaches. Discerning readers will quickly note that the current chapter is largely focused on what has come to be the most commonly studied perspective, the trait approach. Those readers interested in other approaches are referred to a number of resources focusing on Other Approaches within the diverse field.

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