scholarly journals Archival Documents About the Role of the Authorities and the Orthodox Clergy in the Formation of the Positive Image of the Black Hundreds in Volhyn at the Beginning of the 20th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Tsetsyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
October 17 ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Methods

The aim of the article is to study the role of the authorities and the Orthodox clergy in the formation of a positive image of the Union of the Russian people in Volhyn at the beginning of the 20th century. The author studies a set of archival documents which highlight the key activities of the imperial authorities and the Orthodox clergy in the formation of a positive image of the Pochaiv branch of the Union of the Russian people in the period under study. The research methodology is based on the use of special historical methods (chronological and comparative-historical) and general scientific (analysis, synthesis, and generalization), statistical method, which in combination with the principles of historicism, objectivity, and multifactoriality created the necessary conditions for unbiased coverage. The scientific novelty of the work is that the author, on the basis of archival documents and periodicals, clarified the role of the authorities and the Orthodox clergy in forming a positive image of the Black Hundreds. Much of the archival documents of this work are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Conclusions. As a result of the events of the first Russian revolution, the imperial government made a number of unprecedented concessions, and in accordance with the manifesto of October 17, 1905, the activities of political parties were allowed. In the autumn of the same year, as a result of the unification of a number of monarchical structures, the Union of the Russian People was formed. Soon Volyn province became one of the leading centers of the Black Hundred movement in the empire. The Black Hundreds enjoyed the support of the imperial authorities, and in Volhynia at the origins of the organization stood the Orthodox clergy, who played a key role in forming the organizational network of the URP. Being on the foundations of the inviolability of the foundations of the autocracy and the Orthodox Church and at the same time carrying out active activities aimed at discrediting their opponents, the Black Hundreds paid important attention to the formation of their positive image. The Orthodox clergy of the region also took an active part in this. Thanks to the support of the authorities, they managed to form the image of ‘defenders of the peasants and the Orthodox faith’ in a relatively short period of time, while blaming opponents of foreigners and non-believers for all the public troubles. On the one hand, this contributed to the growth of the URP's authority, and on the other hand, it exacerbated the already complex interfaith and interethnic relations in Volyn.

scholarly journals Volodymyr Menchyts (1837–1916) Against the Backdrop of the Epoch

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Nelia Romaniuk ◽  
◽  
Andrii Sinitskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods

Purpose of the article is to broaden the knowledge about the Ukrainian national movement, problems of the creation of a nation in 19th – beginning of the 20th century through the prism of life and activities of an individual person – Volodymyr Amvrosiiovych Menchyts, as a cultural and educational figure. The methodology of research is based on a combination of general scientific and special historical methods with the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. The application of these methods made it possible to conduct a systematic analysis of the sources that helped to personify the figure of V. Menchyts. Scientific novelty. The role of V. Menchyts against the backdrop of the epoch of the second half of the 19th – early 20th century has been highlighted on the basis of published and archival documents. His role was marked by the intensification of the national movement, the formation of the idea of state formation of Ukraine. Conclusions. Research into the biography of Volodymyr Amvrosiyovych Menchyts and its reproduction showed that he was an outstanding personality, a bright representative of the Ukrainian national movement of the second half of the 19th – beginning 20th century. He entered Ukrainian history as an educator and philosopher, a collector of Ukrainian folklore, and a specialist in literature and publishing. V. Menchyts was a representative of the spiritual elite of the society of that time. Those people contributed to the formation of moral and ethical foundations of the social worldview, national idea and state formation of Ukraine. A significant constellation of figures that developed and acted in this period in society, in particular Volodymyr Menchyts and his company, clearly defined the outlines of the Ukrainophil movement. Along with a cohort of less known but, undoubtedly, sincere patriots, the famous representatives of this movement were able to lay the ideological foundation for the development of the Ukrainian state at the beginning of 20th century.

Historiosophy of N.Ya. Danilevsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Victor V. Aksyuchits
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

According to the author of the article, N.Ya. Danilevsky anticipated a lot of ideas of the 20th century, in particular those of O. Spengler and A. Toynbee, by offering his concept of cultural and historical types in the book “Russia and Europe”. At the same time N.Ya. Danilevsky was in many aspects the follower of Slavophils while interpreting the originality of Russian people and Russian culture. After the turn of the educated society circles to Russian national self-comprehension initiated by Slavophils, N.Ya. Danilevsky not only scientifically formulated the problems brought forth by the Slavophils, but also offered for the first time the resolution of new important questions by analyzing the world history and the history of Slavic peoples. The author especially stresses the role of N.Ya. Danilevsky in creating the historiosophic concept that forestalled the epoch for many decades.

scholarly journals The role of the Moscow Slavophils in the release of Bulgaria from the Ottoman yoke

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-162
Author(s):  
Marina G. Smolyaninova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Freedom ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Bulgarian People

In 1396 the Ottomans occupied Bulgaria. It disappeared from the world map, becoming part of the Ottoman Empire. In the XIX century Russian society contributed to the spiritual revival of the Bulgarian people. I.S.Aksakovbelieved that Russia should help not only the spiritual revival of the Bulgarians, but also the acquisition of political freedom, lost in the XIV century.On April 12, 1877, Emperor Alexander II declared war on Turkey. At the cost of enormous human sacrifice, the Russian people freed Bulgaria from slavery, which, after 500 years of non-existence, reappeared on the world map. In the modern press, it can be observed that Russia's role in the liberation of Bulgaria from the Turkish yoke is reappraising. Some scholars believe that the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 was not liberating, but conquering, occupying. The article refutes the opinion of false scientists who seek to distort the truth based on archival documents, as well as on the testimonies of eyewitnesses of historical events (including the testimonies of Bulgarian writers of that time - Petko Rachev Slaveykov, Ilya Blyskov, Vasil Drumyov, Ivan Vazov and others). Ivan Vazov called the Russian soldiers "Knights of Good." P.R. Slaveykov wrote: "Russia has given us freedom with its blood."

scholarly journals Amateur Magazines of Tomsk Seminarians: The History of Magazine “Soyus”

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
V. A. Esipova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Theological Seminary ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Single Issue ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The problem of publications made by students in the early 20th century recently became a matter of interest among scholars. The purpose of the article is to study one of them, “Soyuz” magazine, which was published by students of the theological seminary in Tomsk in 1907. The problem is that not a single issue of the magazine has survived to this day. Therefore, the research relies on the method of historical reconstruction based on the archival documents. The main achievements of this study are as follows. Based on the analyses of previously unknown archival sources, it reconstructs the history of the magazine, its team, printing equipment, and capacities, and the list of authors. It discovers a description of the magazine made by the Tomsk gendarme office. The article contains the contents of two issues of the magazine. It establishes that the magazine stuck to social-democratic ideas and was the structural element of the Tomsk branch of the All-Russian Seminary Union. It indicates the place of the magazine among other Tomsk periodicals. On the one hand, it fully fitted into the practice of the work of social-democratic organizations, on other hand, in terms of the methods of technical and organizational creation, it was a typical students self-published publication.

scholarly journals Newspaper "Kavkazskie obyavleniya in the History of the Tiflis Press

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
T. R. Danielyan
Keyword(s):  
Name Change ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publication Time ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

Based on the archival documents of the censorship committee, this article studies the factors that influenced the functioning and determined the suspension of the activities of the newspaper “Kavkazskie obyavleniya” (“Caucasian Advertisements”), as well as the policy and some characteristics of the newspaper.The development of advertising and reference newspapers in Tiflis in the second half of the 19th century had the following characteristics: discreteness, short publication time, broadening content, and frequent name change of newspapers. All newspapers of such type were published mainly in Russian, although when compiling the section of advertisements, the editorial boards, for the most part, gave preference to the principle of multilingualism. It was inherent for the vast majority of private periodicals in Tiflis.The newspaper “Kavkazskie obyavleniya” in some sense served as an accompaniment to the Tiflis newspapers and performed two functional roles: on the one hand, the newspaper work as an additional channel for the distribution of Tiflis press, on the other hand, the it accumulated advertising and reference information, and guaranteed the provision of this information to all readers of the Tiflis periodicals.In 1890, the censorship dismissed the publisher’s request to broaden the newspaper's content, and eventually this decision caused the closure of the newspaper.Despite the short period of existence, the newspaper “Kavkazskie obyavleniya” brought noticeable innovations to the advertising activities of the Tiflis periodicals: an endeavor to concentrate advertising and reference information in one information space and mutually beneficial cooperation with rival press. 

scholarly journals Scientific and educational providing of the horticulture sphere in the Umansky region at the beginning of the 20th century

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
S. Nyzhnyk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Science ◽  
National University ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Development State ◽  
Historical Methods

The author considered the horticultural development state in the Umansky region in the first quarter of the last century. Also he described the role of the Uman National University of Horticulture for the Ukrainian horticulture sphere and its contribution to the development of national science. Besides the author examined the problems of research and generalized creative pursuits of the national scientists. The research is based on the use of general scientific complex and historical methods, a rich base of sources.

Normative Konfliktlagen: Eheschließungen mit AusländerInnen in Deutschland als administrative und interkulturelle Herausforderung (ca. 1900–1930)

Administory ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-151
Author(s):  
Christoph Lorke
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Intercultural Marriages ◽  
The One

Abstract The article deals with the role of the registry office and registrars in the legal implementation of binational or intercultural marriages in the German Empire and the Weimar Republic, from the turn of the 20th century until the 1930s. As the article shows, these marriage applications posed a manifold challenge for the actors involved; on the one hand, in dealing with “strangeness” and, on the other, in the administrative-bureaucratic synchronization of legal and social norms. Above all, the question of gender relations, demographic fears, and eurocentrist as well as racist ideas were ultimately decisive for the perception and handling of such couple constellations and had a massive influence on the scope of action for both the fiancées and the registrars.

THE OTTOMAN ALGERIAN ELITE AND ITS IDEOLOGY

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Shuval
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The One

By the late seventeenth century, Algeria and Tunisia had established regimes that were largely independent of Ottoman sovereignty in almost every regard, although the Porte continued, in strictly legal terms, to exert minimal rights of sovereignty.        Michel Le Gall1But, let there be no mistake: the more a regency of Barbary has become fearsome to the Christian princes, the more the Sultan is its absolute master. He had only to utter a word to end an unjust war and fix even the terms for peace.        Jean-Michel Venture de Paradis2Separated by two centuries, these two quotations describe the role of the Ottoman Empire in North Africa in very different—indeed, contradictory—terms. On the one hand, Ottoman North Africa is depicted as a region where independent political entities emerged out of a century of Ottoman rule, ready as it were for the eventual emergence of nation-states in the 20th century. Venture de Paradis's earlier description, however, is devoid of the hindsight gained by our knowledge of the “end of the story.” It tells us that by the end of the 18th century, contrary to the contemporary accepted view of the remoteness of the Maghribi “regencies” from the imperial center in Istanbul, the three Ottoman provinces of North Africa were indeed an integral part of the Ottoman Empire, and the rulers of these provinces were obedient subjects of the Sublime Porte.

THE ROLE OF THE TESTIS IN THE RELEASE OF GONADOTROPHINS FROM THE HYPOPHYSIS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Taira ◽  
A. A. Tarkhan
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Spermatogenic Epithelium

ABSTRACT To study the role of the spermatogenic epithelium and of the interstitial cells of Leydig in the release of the pituitary gonadotrophins, groups of normal, cryptorchid and castrated adult rats were joined parabiotically to immature male and female rats for a period of seven days. On examination of the genital organs of different recipients, it has been concluded that: In normal rats, there is no appreciable release of any gonadotrophin during the short period of parabiosis. The spermatogenic epithelium inhibits the release of FSH, while the interstitial cells liberate a hormone that inhibits the release of ICSH. Release of the gonadotrophin which causes luteinisation of the granulosa cells is not activated by cryptorchidism or castration. This gonadotrophin is different from the one responsible for stimulation of growth and functional activity of the Leydig cells. The term »LH« is better confined to the former and »ICSH« to the latter gonadotrophin. ICSH not only acts on the testis but also on the ovary and indirectly on the uterus; this action has been discussed.

scholarly journals “We All Need Your Dictionary”: Letters to Sergey Ozhegov of the 1940s–1960s (To the 120th Anniversary of the Birth of the Scholar)

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Nikitin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The One ◽  
General Linguistic

The publication presents previously unknown letters to Sergey Ozhegov of the late 1940s – early 1960s, which reveal facts of his scientific biography. The aim of this work is to introduce into scientific discourse rare archival documents on the history of Russian linguistics, and also to study linguistic polemics in the USSR in the era of the onslaught of the Marrism of the end of the 1940s. The main methods of studying the material are historical-linguistic, lexicographic, sociolinguistic and linguistic source analysis (search, decoding and commenting on archival texts). In the course of the research of documentary materials, the author has revealed new facts testifying to the change of a vector of scientific views on explanatory lexicography as a whole which, unlike the previous dictionary projects, was not adapted to academic needs, and first of all solved practical problems of explaining the actual lexicon of the 20th century. The article notes that one of the key issues of the dictionary work of that time was the interpretation of Sovietisms, on the one hand, and religious words and expressions, on the other. The archaic vocabulary (“merchant” and church elements) became the object of fierce criticism of Ozhegov’s opponents. Scholars and non-philological readers, polemicizing with Ozhegov, paid special attention to reviews and analysis of semantic, stylistic and cultural-historical realities of dictionary entries. Ozhegov’s respondents also discussed the difficult fate of the dictionary. The published letters contain semi-official reviews from both famous scholars (A.P. Evgenieva, Ya.M. Endzelin, R.R. Gel’gardt, J.V. Loja) and ordinary readers of The Dictionary, they reveal Ozhegov as a person of special gift loving his native language. These letters provide valuable material for the analysis of linguistic homeland studies of the period of struggle between the two ideologies in science. The letters reveal new facts of Ozhegov’s editorial work, discuss the criticism of the publication in the press, note its strengths and weaknesses. The article emphasizes the sociocultural aspect of Ozhegov’s interpretations and the ambiguity of their perception by contemporaries. The Dictionary is included in the context of general linguistic ideas by D.N. Ushakov and L.V. Shcherba. The high pedagogical value of this source is indicated. The published archival materials confirm a unique fact in the scientific practice of the mid-20th century: the emergence of a popular explanatory dictionary reflecting the cultural constants of the time and serving as a reliable tool for self-education. The article is of interest to historiographers of science, lexicologists and lexicographers, linguaculturologists, sociolinguists.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document