Small Parties and the 2013 Bundestag Election: End of the Upward Trend?

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Federal Election ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Performance ◽  
First Time

In the 2009 German federal election, the small parties together captured 43.2 percent of the vote; three small parties boasted a result in the double digits. Four years later, none of the small parties finished above 8.6 percent and only two reentered the Bundestag. Notably, the FDP, one of the original West German parties, dropped out of the federal parliament for the first time. Yet, any talk of catch-all party revival and party system concentration needs qualification. As a group, the small parties received nearly a third of all votes cast—the second highest share in six decades. Those that did not make it into the Bundestag won 15.7 percent, a higher share than in any other federal election. This article examines the positioning of the leading small parties in the 2013 Bundestag election campaign and their respective electoral results; highlights party systemic as well as internal party factors to explain small party performance; reassesses the commonplace classification of small parties by whether there is an established legislative presence or not; and considers the positioning and performance of small parties in the years to come.

Cinematic Search for Identity in the Shade of Turkey’s 1960 Coup: The Social Realism Debate and The Hope

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Celal Hayir ◽  
Ayman Kole
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
New Era ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Turkish Cinema ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
Democratic Constitution ◽  
Realism Debate

When the Turkish army seized power on May 27th, 1960, a new democratic constitution was carried into effect. The positive atmosphere created by the 1961 constitution quickly showed its effects on political balances in the parliament and it became difficult for one single party to come into power, which strengthened the multi-party-system. The freedom initiative created by 1961’s constitution had a direct effect on the rise of public opposition. Filmmakers, who generally steered clear from the discussion of social problems and conflicts until 1960, started to produce movies questioning conflicts in political, social and cultural life for the first time and discussions about the “Social Realism” movement in the ensuing films arose in cinematic circles in Turkey. At the same time, the “regional managers” emerged, and movies in line with demands of this system started to be produced. The Hope (Umut), produced by Yılmaz Güney in 1970, rang in a new era in Turkish cinema, because it differed from other movies previously made in its cinematic language, expression, and use of actors and settings. The aim of this study is to mention the reality discussions in Turkish cinema and outline the political facts which initiated this expression leading up to the film Umut (The Hope, directed by Yılmaz Güney), which has been accepted as the most distinctive social realist movie in Turkey. 

From Dalton to the Discovery of the Periodic System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Scerri
Keyword(s):  
Periodic System ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
System P ◽  
Quantitative Property ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time

Our story begins, somewhat arbitrarily, in the English city of Manchester around the turn of the nineteenth century. There, a child prodigy by the name of John Dalton, at the tender age of fifteen is teaching in a school with his older brother. Within a few years, John Dalton’s interests have developed to encompass meteorology, physics, and chemistry. Among the questions that puzzle him is why the various component gases in the air such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide do not separate from each other. Why does the mixture of gases in the air remain as a homogeneous mixture? As a result of pursuing this question, Dalton develops what is to become modern atomic theory. The ultimate constituents of all substances, he supposes, are hard microscopic spheres or atoms that were first discussed by the ancient Greek philosophers and taken up again by modern scientists like Newton, Gassendi, and Boscovich. But Dalton goes a good deal further than all of these thinkers in establishing one all-important quantitative characteristic for each kind of atom, namely its weight. This he does by considering quantitative data on chemical experiments. For example, he finds that the ratio for the weight in which hydrogen and oxygen combine together is one to eight. Dalton assumes that water consists of one atom of each of these two elements. He takes a hydrogen atom to have a weight of 1 unit and therefore reasons that oxygen must have a weight of 8 units. Similarly, he deduces the weights for a number of other atoms and even molecules as we now call them. For the first time the elements acquire a quantitative property, by means of which they may be compared. This feature will eventually lead to an accurate classification of all the elements in the form of the periodic system, but this is yet to come. Before that can happen the notion of atoms provokes tremendous debates and disagreements among the experts of Dalton’s day.

Coalition Politics in Crisis?

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Decker ◽  
Philipp Adorf
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Party System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Federal Election ◽  
Coalition Politics ◽  
Political Party System ◽  
Right Wing Populism ◽  
First Time

The 2017 federal election illustrated the transformation of Germany’s political party system with six parties managing to enter the Bundestag. With the Christian and Social Democrats finally coming to an agreement almost half a year after the election, a grand coalition is set to govern for two consecutive terms for the very first time. The Alternative for Germany’s success also signaled the definite parliamentary establishment of right-wing populism in Germany. Multiparty coalitions that bridge ideological gulfs as the political fringe has grown in size are a new reality that must be accommodated. The 2017 election and subsequent arduous negotiations point towards a period of uncertainty and further upheaval for Germany’s party system.

Classification of Types of Interreligious Dialogue

Communicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-51
Author(s):  
S.V. Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Interreligious Dialogue ◽  
Comparative Theology ◽  
Theology Of Religions ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
Original Classification

The existing classifications of types of interreligious dialogue have significant limitations and shortcomings and do not allow us to describe this extremely complex, multi- faceted phenomenon in a systematic and complete way. This paper represents original classification of interreligious dialogue, which overcomes the disadvantages of current research approaches in this area. On the basis of the «intention» criterion, i.e. the motivation that encourages followers of different religions to come into contact with each other, four types of interreligious dialogue are distinguished: polemical, cognitive, peacemaking and partnership. These types of dialogue are lined up respectively around the following questions: Who is right?, Who are you?, How can we live together peacefully? and What can we do to improve the world?. In each of the four types of interreligious dialogue using the criteria goal (i.e. tasks headed towards by the participants in the dialogue); principles i.e. the starting points, which determine the interaction), and form (i.e. participants in the dialogue) various sorts of them are identified and described. For example, the following sorts of cognitive dialogue are considered: theological, spiritual, human (Buberian), truth-seeking dialogue, theology of religions, theology of interreligious dialogue, comparative theology. According to the author, the presented classification allows for the first time to describe different types of interreligious dialogue in a complex, systematic and interrelated way.

scholarly journals Chancellor Hegemony: Party Politics and the Bundestag Party System after the 2013 Federal Election

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Lees
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Good News ◽  
The Political ◽  
Federal Election ◽  
Voting Power ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

The eighteenth Bundestag elections of 22 September 2013 brought important changes to the Bundestag party system, some of which are contingent but others of which are more systemic and profound. The narrow failure of the FDP to scale the electoral threshold has had an impact on coalition negotiations and the improvement in the overall vote share for the CDU/CSU and the SPD, for the first time since the 1960s represents a significant, if probably only temporary, concentration of the German party system in the Bundestag. More systemically, the election saw a continuation of the ongoing redistribution of voting power in the Bundestag in favor of the catch-all parties as formateurs. The article also discusses how the increased importance of the potential formateuer parties has gone hand-in-hand with a greater focus on the individual leading candidates, and concludes that this is particularly good news for the CDU/CSU, given the political qualities of Angela Merkel and the failure of the SPD to find and support a leading candidate that can match her political acumen.

scholarly journals ANALISIS TINDAKAN SOSIAL DALAM TRADISI KULIWA PADA MASYARAKAT NELAYAN MANDAR DI PAMBUSUANG KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR PROVINSI SULAWESI BARAT

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-144
Author(s):  
Rahmatullah Rahmatullah ◽  
Mahmud Tang ◽  
Rahmat Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Fishing Community ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Family ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
At Home

This study aims to describe the implementation of kuliwa and describe social actions in the Kuliwa tradition of the Mandar fishing community in the village of Pambusuang. The approach used is qualitative. The results showed that Mandar people usually perform kuliwa rituals to inaugurate the use of new boats and to inaugurate new fishing machines or equipment as well as for the first time to go to sea. The implementation of kuliwa rituals, is a series of activities held on the boat and at the courtier house . Of the four further classification of Weber's actions, only three will be used by the author to analyze the phenomenon of the Kuliwa tradition in the Mandar fishing community in the village of Pambusuang, namely: the rationality of the value of affective actions, and traditional actions, to understand the motives and goals of the perpetrators of the kuliwa tradition up to currently still maintaining and preserving it. The act of rationality based on the findings of existing data, Mandar people in the village of Pambusuang who have done kuliwa said that implementing kuliwa also means not only as a tradition but also a condition for values, such as social values, religion and others. Affective actions based on the findings of existing data One of the emotional actions seen in the kuliwa tradition is where neighbors come to help prepare the event for the kuliwa tradition. At the time the event will start at home, the courtier calls neighbors around to come to eat at the retainer's house. Traditional actions based on the findings of existing data Pambusuang community who decided to carry out the kuliwa because in the family of the community there is a habit to carry out the kuliwa and the habit already exists from the previous offspring which then passed on to the next offspring.   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan kuliwa dan mendeskripsikan tindakan sosial dalam tradisi Kuliwa pada masyarakat nelayan Mandar  di Desa Pambusuang. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orang-orang Mandar biasanya melakukan ritual kuliwa untuk meresmikan penggunaan perahu baru dan untuk memresmikan mesin atau alat-alat tangkap baru serta untuk pertama kalinya untuk melaut. Pelaksanaan ritual kuliwa,  merupakan serangakaian kegiatan yang diadakan di perahu dan di rumah punggawa. Dari keempat klasifikasi tindakan Weber selanjutnya hanya tiga yang akan penulis gunakan untuk menganalisis fenomena pada tradisi kuliwa pada masyarakat nelayan Mandar di Desa Pambusuang yaitu: tindakan rasionalitas, nilai tindakan afektif, dan tindakan tradisional, untuk memahami motif dan tujuan dari para pelaku tradisi kuliwa yang sampai dengan saat ini masih tetap menjaga dan melestarikannya. Tindakan rasionalitas nilai  berdasarkan temuan data yang ada, masyarakat Mandar di Desa Pambusuang yang telah melakukan kuliwa mengatakan bahwa melaksanakan kuliwa juga memaknainya tidak hanya sebagai suatu tradisi tetapi juga syarat akan nilai, seperti nilai sosial, agama dan lain lain. Tindakan afektif  berdasarkan temuan data yang ada salah satu tindakan emosianal yang terlihat pada tradisi kuliwa yaitu dimana para tetangga datang membantu untuk  mempersiapakan acara tradisi  kuliwa tersebut. Pada saat akan mulai acara dirumah, punggawa memanggil tetangga sekitar untuk ikut makan dirumah punggawa.  Tindakan tradisonal berdasarkan temuan data yang ada masyarakat Pambusuang yang memutuskan untuk melaksanakan kuliwa karena di dalam keluarga masyarakat tersebut ada kebiasaan untuk melaksanakan kuliwa dan kebiasaan tersebut sudah ada dari keturunan sebelumnya yang kemudian diteruskan pada keturunan berikutnya.

“Little Trio” for clarinet, bassoon and piano

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
N. Yakovchuk
Keyword(s):  
Chamber Music ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Instrumental Ensemble ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Classical Traditions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Instrumental Ensembles ◽  
Written Compositions ◽  
First Time

The chamber-instrumental ensemble music in the Ukrainian musical culture of the last third of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries occupies one of the leading places and is characterized by powerful processes in its development. Such circumstances caused the Ukrainian musicologist interests to the problems of chamber-instrumental music creativity and performance. There are appeared researches in the field of theory, history and performance problems covering the most important questions like chamber music definitions, specific genre issues, the growing function of piano in the Ukrainian chamber music, the increasing questions of technique and timbre importance of modern instrumental ensembles. In the significant multifaceted creative work of contemporary Ukrainian composer, Oleksandr Yakovchuk, the genre of chamber instrumental ensemble music represents a complex and interesting phenomenon. Original and skillfully written compositions reflect artistic world of the composer of postmodern time and gained recognition in music life of Ukraine and beyond. These works are highly appreciated in performing practice of our days. The purpose of the article is to analyze the work — “Little Trio” for clarinet, bassoon and piano (1980), which has the signs of neoclassical tendency in the composer’s style. The methodological basis of this research is a comprehensive approach in theoretical understanding of the subject of research (the methods of textology, source study as well as the method of interviewing the author were used). The scientific novelty of this article is in the priority of its main provisions, since the “Little Trio” entered the scientific circulation for the first time. The three-movement “Little Trio” (1980) is notable for the light feeling of timbre colours and the shape clarity. The Ist movement — Allegretto giocoso — is written in a sonata form following all classical traditions. Quite interesting are the two monologues of clarinet and bassoon from the IInd movement, they represent very modern line in Ukrainian chamber music — the possibility of sincere confession which comes through the solo cadence. In the IIIrd movement, the composer took advantage from the folk Ukrainian dance “hopak” using the rhythm of it and creating dance character of the Final.

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ КОНФЛИКТОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
А. Н. Сухов
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Structure Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

This given article reveals the topicality not only of destructive, but also of constructive, as well as hybrid conflicts. Practically it has been done for the first time. It also describes the history of the formation of both foreign and domestic social conflictology. At the same time, the chronology of the development of the latter is restored and presented objectively, in full, taking into account the contribution of those researchers who actually stood at its origins. The article deals with the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding conflicts. The subject of social conflictology includes the regularities of their occurrence and manifestation at various levels, spheres and conditions, including normal, complicated and extreme ones. Social conflictology includes the theory and practice of diagnosing, resolving, and resolving social conflicts. It analyzes the difficulties that occur in defining the concept, structure, dynamics, and classification of social conflicts. Therefore, it is no accident that the most important task is to create a full-fledged theory of social conflicts. Without this, it is impossible to talk about effective settlement and resolution of social conflicts. Social conflictology is an integral part of conflictology. There is still a lot of work to be done, both in theory and in application, for its complete design. At present, there is an urgent need to develop conflict-related competence not only of professionals, but also for various groups of the population.

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