“Recognize the Spies”

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kendzior
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Services ◽  
State Security

This article uses the example of Uzbekistan's national security services to consider how the psychic influence of a police state reveals itself online. What happens when the 'spectral double' of the police becomes a point of focus in a medium known for its transparency? I argue that although the Internet gives citizens the capability to organize and interact, it does not relieve their fears and suspicions; instead, it often intensifies them. Despite the 'transparency' that the Internet affords—and sometimes because of it—there are qualities bound up in the architecture of this medium that give rise to paranoia. Using examples from Uzbek online political discourse, I show how the Internet has fueled suspicion and fears about the state security services despite attempts to demystify and assuage them.

scholarly journals La utilización de la bandera de España por las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad del Estado /Use of the Flag of Spain by the State Security Forces

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Javier Eiroa Escalada ◽  
Luis Toribio Castro
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Spanish Literature ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
State Security ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
National Flag ◽  
The Military

Las banderas ya no tienen finalidad táctica, pero como símbolo de la nación, representan los valores superiores expresados en la Constitución de 1978.A diferencia de las Fuerzas Armadas, donde las banderas se mantienen como parte de las tradiciones, y aportan gran brillantez a los actos militares, en la literatura española existen pocos estudios relativos a la bandera en el ámbito de las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad del Estado.Tras un breve repaso a la normativa vigente en el ámbito de la Vexilología, este trabajo aborda el procedimiento para la concesión del derecho de uso de la enseña Nacional a distintas unidades de las fuerzas y cuerpos de seguridad de ámbito estatal, así como sus modalidades, uso y colocación en actos oficiales, honores y protocolo.Finalmente, se analizan las peculiaridades del ceremonial en el acto de entrega de la bandera, como distinción que se otorga en reconocimiento a la labor que desarrollan como garantes de las libertades públicas y de la seguridad ciudadana, considerando la distinta naturaleza -militar y civil- de ambos cuerpos de seguridad. _________________ The flags are no longer tactical, but as a symbol of the nation, they represent the higher values expressed in the Spanish Constitution of 1978.The Army has kept flags as part of the traditions, and provide great brilliance to the military acts. Instead, in Spanish literature there are few studies about the flag in the State Security Forces.After a brief review of current legislation in Vexillology, this paper deals with the procedure for bestowal of the use the National Flag to different units of the National Security Forces, as well as their modalities, use and placement in official events, honours and protocol.Finally, we analyze the peculiarities of ceremonial in the Act of delivery of the flag, as a distinction that is given in recognition of the work they perform as guarantors of citizen freedoms and public safety, considering the different nature - military and civil- of both security Forces.

HISTORY AND MODERNITY OF STATE SECURITY OF FOREIGN STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-141
Author(s):  
L.A. NOVIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Security Services ◽  
State Security ◽  
Current State ◽  
Structure And Functions ◽  
State Protection

The main goal of the article is to provide a comparative legal analysis of the historical characteristics and the current state of state protection of some foreign states. The author considers the mechanisms and the results of ensuring the security of heads of states. The main conclusion: despite the fact that each of the State Security Services of the considered states has been developed in different ways and at different speeds, most of them are currently very similar in their internal structure and functions.

China

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Goldsmith ◽  
Tim Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
National Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Psychology Student ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Communist Manifesto ◽  
State Security ◽  
People’S Daily ◽  
Normal University ◽  
The Government

“Long live prostitutes” was the title of Wang’s posting. Fifteen years old, living in China, and full of teenage bluster, Wang had collected fifty-four reasons to think Chinese politicians worse than prostitutes. The list included:… • There is no indicator that prostitutes will disappear, but there are many indicators that the government will collapse. • Prostitutes allow others to oppose them, unlike the government which arrests opposition and “re-educates” them through labor. • Prostitutes have no power, unlike those who use their power to suppress others. • Prostitutes do not need you to love them, unlike that group which forces you to love it. • Prostitutes win customers with credibility, unlike those who maintain power with lies. • Prostitutes sell flesh, unlike those who sell soul…. Liu Di was a psychology student at Beijing Normal University who called herself the “Stainless Steel Mouse” and ran an “artist’s club” through her personal website. In 2002, in one of her many stunts, the twenty-two-year-old urged her followers to distribute Marxist literature:… Let’s conduct an experiment of behavioral art: disseminating communism on the street! We can print copies of “The Communist Manifesto.” However, we should take “Communist” out of the title. Then, like sociologists, we ask people on the street to sign their names onto the Manifesto…. Liu Di wrote an essay titled “How a national security apparatus can hurt national security.” Echoing typical criticism of governments everywhere, she called China’s security apparatus “limitless,” or possessed of “a tendency to expand, without limits, its size and functions.” Wang’s message and the writings of Liu Di appeared on obscure Internet sites. Nonetheless, they came to the attention of the Chinese authorities and provoked swift action. Soon after Wang posted his message, it was deleted. He was arrested in Henan and subjected to an unspecified punishment. Wang’s story was printed in the People’s Daily as a warning, with the headline “15-Year-Old Youth Punished For Making Reactionary Argument That the Government is Prostitute” The State Security Protection Bureau arrested Liu Di on her university campus on November 7, 2002.

Securitisation of Migration in the Language of Slovak Far-Right Populism

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslav Stefancik ◽  
Ildikó Némethová ◽  
Terézia Seresová
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
National Security ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Far Right ◽  
People's Party

Although the Slovak Republic is not a country of immigrants, since 2015 the topic of international migration has dominated its political discourse. Due to the migration situation in 2015, Slovak politicians have also begun to use the topic of migration to mobilise their voters. Paradoxically, there are no significant differences among the relevant Slovak political parties on this topic, hence Slovak politicians take a similar approach to the issue of migration. This article focuses on the People's Party Our Slovakia as a leading representative of far-right populism. We intend to explore how Slovak far-right populists articulate the issue of international migration. Our analysis has found that the language of far-right populists reflects a dichotomy of “we/us” (good) vs. “they/them” (evil). Far-right populists emphasise the negative consequences of migration, as they perceive migrants as a threat to national security. In-depth analyses of political texts have revealed that the securitisation of migration by far-right populists has several dimensions. Migrants are perceived as a threat to the economic, political and cultural security of the state.

Security of the State and National Security. Main Research Positions and the Practice of the Polish Legislator

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 40-73
Author(s):  
Waldemar Kitler
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Main Research ◽  
State Security ◽  
Organizational Activity ◽  
Organizational Activities ◽  
Polish Law

The author is of the opinion that the commonly accepted view about the identity, the concept, and the content of state security and national security in Poland is burdened with numerous flaws, which is confirmed by the legislative practice, planning, and the organizational activity of the state. The author poses a question whether mutual relationships between the concepts of state security and national security exist in the views of Polish theorists and in Polish legislation and, if they do, what they are. Of the methods of establishing the identity of state and national security and the mutual relationship between these terms, one of the ways to see the complexity of the issue is to refer to legislation. The author puts forward a hypothesis that both Polish law and the practical planning and organizational activities of public administration and other entities provide many arguments that these concepts are not identical, but there are strong axiological, epistemological, and ontological links between them. The author is convinced that determination of the domain of the concepts in question and the relationships between them will make it easier for public administration bodies to plan, organize, and carry out specific tasks in the field of security.

scholarly journals Transformation of the concept of state security

Legal Ukraine ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Serhii Hordiienko
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
State Security ◽  
Political Sovereignty ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The paper considers the genesis of the theory of the concept of state security in Ukraine, its legal dimension, the definition of a set of state bodies, each of which has its own competence. Based on the fact that the most acceptable definition of the state is its definition as an organization of political power, it is noted that the security of the state as a system of political power in Ukraine depends on its political, economic, scientific and scientific-technological components. The author notes that the term «state security» is defined as a qualitatively defined by law state of functioning of the state as a political institution of power, which is achieved by predicting, preventing, detecting and minimizing the negative impact of existing and likely threats to the main features of the state, sovereignty, monetary and tax systems) and allows the state to effectively implement its social purpose to ensure the further development of the individual (citizen), society and the state. Thus, the hypothesis that the security of the state as an apparatus of power and management is provided by a large number of its bodies, each of which has its own competence, finds its preliminary confirmation. In the future, the author substantiates this in more detail on the example of other theoretical developments and existing legislation. Key words: national security, components of national security, threats to national security of Ukraine, qualitative state of state security, rules of definitions, state security and state security, security of state-political, constitutionally legitimized political system of state, security of state formation and constructive policy, political sovereignty, territorial integrity of Ukraine and inviolability of its borders, security of institutions of state power, security of national-state interests in the sphere of economy.

scholarly journals La creciente interacción entre la seguridad nacional y el comercio internacional: hacia una concreción del significado y alcance del artículo XXI GATT en tiempos de cambios tecnológicos y competencia geopolítica = National security and international trade: approaching the meaning and extent of article XXI GATT in times of technological changes and geostrategic competence

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Carlos Esplugues Mota
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
National Security ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
The State ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
State Security ◽  
Trade War

Resumen: Tras años de fomento del libre comercio y de la globalización, las posiciones nacionalistas y unilateralistas comienzan a ganar terreno en la realidad internacional. En este entorno, el recurso a la noción de intereses esenciales de la seguridad del Estado y conceptos similares es usado de forma creciente para avalar la adopción de medidas proteccionistas frente a bienes y servicios provenientes del exterior. El artículo XXI GATT gana, así, un protagonista que le ha sido negado desde su redacción en la década de los cuarenta del siglo pasado. Carente de una práctica amplia y consistente, el precepto ha sido ahora objeto de interpretación por al órgano de resolución de controversias de la OMC. El presente artículo aborda la naturaleza y significado de este artículo, referente indiscutible para muchas de las cláusulas de excepción presentes en los distintos Tratados de Libre Comercio, y sus perspectivas de futuro en un entorno marcado por la crisis de la OMC.Palabras clave: Artículo XXI GATT, Intereses esenciales de la seguridad del Estado, Seguridad nacional, Comercio internacional, Guerra comercial.Abstract: International free trade and globalization have been heavily supported during the last decades. Nevertheless, nationalist and unilateralist positions are gaining ground in the international arena and free trade is currently under attack. Notions like “essential interests of state security” or “national security” are increasingly used to support the adoption of protectionist measures against goods and services coming from abroad. In this scenario, article XXI GATT is raising an increasing protagonist. The provision has historically lacked a broad and consistent practice but currently it has been interpretated by the WTO dispute resolution body. This article addresses the nature and meaning of article XXI GATT and its future role in an international trade environment characterized by the WTO crisis.Keywords: Article XXI GATT, Essential Security Interests of the State, National Security, International Trade, Trade War

The Czechoslovak automotive industry and the launch of a new model: The Škoda factory in Mladá Boleslav, in the 1970s and 1980s

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Vilímek ◽  
Valentina Fava
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
The State ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Secret Police ◽  
Planned Economy ◽  
New Model ◽  
Security Services ◽  
State Security ◽  
National Enterprise

From 1945 to 1989, the Automobilové závody, n.p. (Automotive Plant, a national enterprise), in Mladá Boleslav, manufactured one of the best-known brands of motor car in the Eastern Bloc, the Škoda. This article focuses on the process of planning and manufacturing a change in models in the Czechoslovak automotive industry between 1968 and 1990. It is widely known how the launch of a new model of car represents a key step for every car manufacturer in most parts of the globe. In Czechoslovakia under Communist rule, however, passing from one model to another entailed grotesque, almost insuperable, difficulties, and it can therefore be seen as a textbook example of the complications of the innovation process in a centrally planned economy. The article draws not only on documentation available in company archives but also on the records of the Czechoslovak secret police, the State Security services.

scholarly journals Demographic Threats to National Security in the Political Discourse of the Russian Federation (1992–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-272
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vasilieva ◽  
◽  
Tamara Rostovskaya ◽  
Ebulfez Süleymanlý ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
Political Management ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Demographic Policy

Introduction. Population growth in the world is uneven: while in some countries the population has been growing for a long time (China, India), in Russia and in many EU and BRIC countries, the birth rate has been declining in recent years; and if this does not affect the population, then only by increasing life expectancy and migration. Abrupt changes – both growth and decline – in the population are a threat to the national security of the state. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of political management (strategies and tools) aimed at solving demographic problems and increasing the birth rate in the Russian Federation, as well as to identify the stages of the formation of demographic policy in the Russian Federation in 1992–2019. Methods and materials. Based on the qualitative analysis of normative documents, the frame analysis of speeches of political leaders the main factors that influenced the coverage of demographic problems are revealed (the authors used official electronic versions of the following publications: “Sobranie Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation) and “Byulleten normativnykh aktov federalnykh organov ispolnitelnoy vlasti” (Bulletin of Normative Acts of Federal Executive Authorities). Analysis. The proposed research strategy allowed identifying demographic threats to national security articulated by political actors and presented in official documents, statements of officials, as well as to compare the political decisions taken in the Russian Federation with the decisions taken in some European countries. Strategic documents that ensure national security of the Russian Federation by including the demographic agenda in political discourse are considered as a tool of political management. Results. The article assesses the effectiveness of political management in solving demographic problems and increasing the birth rate in the Russian Federation, identifies the stages of the formation of demographic policy in the Russian Federation in 1992–2019, as well as the features of the articulation of demographic problems in the political discourse of Russia, and describes demographic threats. The analysis of the regulatory framework as a tool for political management, demographic threats prevention, as well as the basis of the state strategy for increasing the birth rate in the Russian Federation allowed identifying policy decisions that can be used to develop new measures within the framework of programs to increase the birth rate in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT BODIES AS SUBJECTS OF FORMATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Vitalii Makarchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Security ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
State Security ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Service State ◽  
National Police

The article is devoted to the administrative and legal status of law enforcement agencies as subjects of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense. The article outlines the basic terminological concepts, such as: status, legal status, administrative and legal status. The opinions of various scholars on the interpretation of the concept of the legal status of law enforcement agencies, its structure and elements are analyzed. The administrative and legal status of law enforcement agencies that ensure the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense, including the administrative and legal status of the National Police, Prosecutor's Office, National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, State Bureau of Investigation, Law Enforcement Service, State Security Service of Ukraine, state border guards. It was established that the administrative and legal status is a systemic set of such administrative and legal properties of law enforcement agencies that implement state policy in the field of national security and defense, as: competence; the order of formation and acquisition of legal features; name; location; structure; goals of operation; responsibilities, which are directly regulated by current regulations, laws of Ukraine, and international agreements, the binding nature of which is given by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The presence of administrative and legal status means that law enforcement agencies have the competence defined by administrative and legal norms – subjects of jurisdiction, rights and responsibilities (powers), are responsible for actions or omissions within their own or delegated competence, perform public, executive, functions involved in administrative legal relations of a regulatory or protective nature. It was concluded that the administrative and legal status of law enforcement agencies (National Police, Prosecutor's Office, National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, State Bureau of Investigation, Law Enforcement Service, State Security Service of Ukraine, state border guards) as subjects of state policy formation and implementation in sphere of national security and defense determines the main directions of influence on public relations in the state, and those that arise to protect the interests of national security and defense of the state. It was stated that the obligatory sign of acquisition by law enforcement bodies - subjects of administrative-legal status is the presence of specific subjective rights and obligations, which are realized both within the administrative legal relations and outside them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document