scholarly journals Pesticides and mycotoxins as sources of food production safety threats

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
K. A. Tabanyukhov ◽  
P. N. Miroshnikov ◽  
V. A. Skryabin ◽  
K. V. Zhuchaev
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Production Safety

The problem of food poisoning and food allergies does not lose its relevance and is still a threat to health, which must be minimized. Since various cereal-based products make up a significant proportion of the diet of humans and farm animals, the purpose of this review is to familiarize with sources of chemical and biological contamination of cereals, such as mycotoxins and pesticides. These compounds, which enter the human body and animals with food, can pose a health hazard even in quantities beyond detection. Among the pesticides that have become an integral part of modern agriculture, in this article, the greatest attention was paid to organophosphate herbicides as the most widely used on cereals. Among the latter, one of the most common organophosphorus compounds was identified - glyphosate, which is the active substance of many bulk and liquid herbicides. On the basis of information, mainly from foreign articles, the basic principles of accumulation of this substance in wheat grains and animals were formulated.

Salmonellosis in Animals and Its Control

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
C. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
The Future

Organisms of the genus Salmonella have for nearly a century been recognized as a serious health hazard. At the farm level they can cause very substantial losses among farm animals and poultry: the symptoms range from debility to dysentery, reduced milk yield, and abortion. Such infection can be transmitted to man, leading to serious outbreaks of food poisoning. In Britain, the incidence of the infection has been closely monitored for many years. This article reviews the control measures that have already been introduced and others that need to be considered for the future.

scholarly journals Colonoscopy-related injury among colonoscopists: an international survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. E102-E109
Author(s):  
Ammar Al-Rifaie ◽  
Mohammed Gariballa ◽  
Alhassan Ghodeif ◽  
Stephen Hodge ◽  
Mo Thoufeeq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
British Society ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Survey ◽  
Repetitive Movements ◽  
Level Of Experience

Abstract Background and study aims Colonoscopy is physically demanding for endoscopists and patients. Repetitive movements during colonoscopy can lead to overuse injuries. We aimed to explore the prevalence and range of colonoscopy-related musculoskeletal injuries (CRIs) in endoscopists. Methods A cross-sectional electronic survey of 1825 endoscopists was performed. The sample was composed of members of the British Society of Gastroenterology, European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and National Nurse Endoscopy Group (UK). The survey comprised 20 questions. These included: endoscopists’ workload, level of experience, and their perceived CRIs. All endoscopists who perform colonoscopy independently were included in the analysis. Results A total of 368 questionnaires were completed of 1825 surveyed (20.16 %). Of those, 319 participants (17.48 %) were fully independent in colonoscopy. Of 319 endoscopists, 254 (79.6 %) have experienced musculoskeletal injuries. These were reported as either possibly (n = 143, 56.3 %) or definitely (n = 90, 35.4 %) related to colonoscopy. Commonly injured areas were the lower back (n = 85, 36.5 %), neck (n = 82, 35.2 %) and left thumb (n = 79, 33.9 %). Of the injured endoscopists, 98 (30.7 %) made some modification to their practice, such as stretching exercises and ergonomic changes. Of the endoscopists, 134 (42.0 %) thought that repetitive limb strain was a likely causative mechanism. Around 40 % believed that torquing the scope and challenging body position were precipitating CRIs. Several treatment modalities were used to treat CRIs. These included; physiotherapy (n = 109), medications (n = 70), rest (n = 43), splinting (n = 31), steroid injections (n = 26) and surgery (n = 11). Conclusions A significant proportion of colonoscopists experience CRIs. The majority of the suggested modifications to practice can be adopted by any endoscopist. These results highlight the need to recognise CRI as an important occupational health hazard and to adopt preventative strategies routinely in the future.

Growth of Clostridium perfringens in Fish Fillets Packaged with a Controlled Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere at Abuse Temperatures

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 704-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
BON KIMURA ◽  
SHUSAKU KURODA ◽  
MASATADA MURAKAMI ◽  
TATEO FUJII
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Fish Fillets ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Atmosphere

The growth of Clostridium perfringens inoculated in fish fillets of jack mackerel subsequently packaged under a controlled carbon dioxide gas atmosphere (40% CO2, 60% N2) was investigated at marginal growth (15°C) and stimulative ambient (30°C) handling temperatures. The fish fillets were inoculated with C. perfringens, packaged either with air or the modified controlled carbon dioxide atmosphere and stored at 15°C and 30°C. No increase in the C. perfringens population in the fish was noted regardless of the type of packaging at 15°C in 3 days storage time, when all samples were spoiled. C. perfringens rapidly increased in the abuse temperature (30°C) after a 2- to 4-h lag phase regardless of the package type, but growth was significantly more stimulated under the controlled carbon dioxide gas atmosphere within 6 h of storage time. When fish fillets inoculated with C. perfringens were stored at 5°C for 24 h before being held at 30°C for 6 h, C. perfringens did not grow during the abuse-temperature storage. This suggests a reduction of a health hazard risk by the organism when the distribution temperature of the fish fillets is strictly controlled below 5°C. However, the combination of two temperature-abuse events during distribution and consumer handling may lead to a higher food-poisoning risk by the organism in controlled CO2 modified atmosphere-packaged fish compared to air-packaged fish. Product control of the initial contamination of organisms at low levels during raw fish processing will prevent food poisoning

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LOW- AND HIGH-GLUCOSINOLATE OILSEED RAPES TO DAMAGE BY FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA SPP. (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Chemical Transformation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Significant Chemical

The oilseed rape crop, Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L., has undergone a significant chemical transformation during the last 15 years. Plant breeders produced cultivars with only trace levels of erucic acid in the oil compared with 40-50% in early cultivars, and with 18 μmol/g of glucosinolates or less in the oil-free meal compared with 62-1 15 μmol/g (Daun 1983). The new “Canola” cultivars were developed because erucic acid was a suspected health hazard for humans and glucosinolates caused the meal to be unpalatable or toxic to farm animals.

VI.—An Investigation of the Hepatotoxic Effects in the Fowl of Ragwort (Senecio jacobæa Linn.), with special reference to the Induction of Liver Tumours with Seneciphylline

1956 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cavernous Angioma ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Senecio Jacobaea ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Liver Tumours ◽  
Balanced Diet

SynopsisThe alkaloids of Ragwort (Senecio jacobæa Linn.) are known to be hepatotoxic to farm animals and man. Survivors invariably show permanent impairment of the liver, manifested by cirrhosis and its sequelæ. Senecio infusions may be consumed in small amounts in Britain as a herbal remedy, and in South Africa the Bantu frequently incorporate them in native medicines. It has been shown that these tribes have a high incidence of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer, and there is good evidence that their deficient diet may play an important part in sensitizing the liver to toxins. In the present study, the ragwort alkaloid seneciphylline has been administered by injection to fowls maintained on both adequate and deficient diets, and further fowls received the dried plant in their food. A significant proportion of these birds subsequently developed primary liver tumours. Although there was a higher mortality rate in both treated and controls fed the deficient diet, there was no evidence of a greater tendency to develop liver tumours compared with the birds on the balanced diet.It is also suggested that the condition known as “cavernous angioma” of the liver of cattle and sheep in Britain may be due to ingestion of ragwort in sub-lethal amounts.

scholarly journals The Fundamentals of Determining the Rental Charge for the State-Owned Real Estate in the Russian Federation

Legal Concept ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vavilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Government

Introduction: the paper discusses the study of the basic principles and methods of determining rental rates for the use of land owned by the state and municipal authorities. Despite the increasing trend of the privatization of state-owned land, its significant proportion is still under the state ownership. In this regard, a significant share of court proceedings in the Arbitration courts falls precisely on those disputes that relate to the determination of the procedure for establishing the rent of state-owned real estate in Russia. In this regard, the author set the goal – to study the problem of establishing the amount of the rent for the land held by tenants for housing after bringing into force Resolution of the Government of the Russian Government No. 582 of July 16, 2009 “On the basic principles of determining the rent for leases of land plots in the state or municipal ownership, and on the Rules for determining the amount of rent and the order of the conditions and terms of payment of rent for land in the ownership of the Russian Federation” (hereinafter – “Resolution No. 582”). Methods: the methodological framework for the study is a set of methods of scientific knowledge, among which the main one is the comparative law method, as well as the methods of systematization and analysis. Results: the author’s position grounded in the work is based on the analysis of the legislation and the opinions of the scientists expressed in the competent scientific community on the issue of establishing the basic rates for renting the state real estate. Conclusions: as a result of the study, the main principles of determining the rates for renting the state-owned real estate, as well as the procedure for determining them, were analyzed. It was established that the amount of rent for land plots that were provided to tenants for housing construction after the entry into force of Resolution No. 582 should not exceed 2 % of the cadastral value of such real estate.

scholarly journals Pathological Effects of Crud Trichothecenes on Swiss Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Noor Hashim ◽  
Khulood Al-Samarrae ◽  
Salim Al-Obaidy
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Treated Animal ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Retention Cyst ◽  
Portal Area ◽  
Biochemical Studies

Trichothecenes are natural secondary metabolites causing economic losses and health hazard to human and farm animals which are produced by several species of Fusarium and some other genera on different agricultural commodities. Study on trichothecenes mycotoxicosis revealed morphological, biochemical, and histopathological changes. After intraperitoneal injection of the toxin in male mice with different concentration for 35 days shows marked increase in body weight, dyspanea, shivering, bristling up of hair, hair falling, anomalies of eyes, and irritation around neck, also abdominal hemorrhage and clot accumulation in abdomen. In addition to inclusion (retention) cyst forms on liver. The biochemical studies on liver function by measuring GPT and GOT enzymes level have been done. An increase level of these enzymes in treated animal in comparison with control animal which indicating abnormal function of liver observed. The histopathological study on sections from the liver of treated animal with trichothecenes revealed many alterations in liver which includes congestion, kupffer cells hyperplasia, dilated sinusoids and mononuclear cells infiltration around the portal area.

Design of green microorganized systems for decontamination of ecotoxicants

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1381-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy F. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Micellar Phase ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Cationic Detergents ◽  
Reactions With Nucleophiles ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Low Solubility

Due to population upsurge, pesticides (derivatives of organophosphorus acids included) find widespread use in agriculture. The toxicity and long-term environmental hazard of such compounds require detailed studies on decomposition mechanisms of the pesticides and development of efficient, readily available, and inexpensive systems for their decontamination. A simple and straightforward method for the decomposition of organophosphorus compounds involves their reactions with nucleophiles. Studies on the reactivity of "normal" and α-nucleophiles toward electron-deficient centers allowed us to state a number of basic principles on the nature of the α-effect. One of the most important conclusions is: It is unlikely that the structure variations in the known α-nucleophiles will result in higher reactivity than that of hydroxylamine anion. As a practical matter, the essential disadvantages of decomposition of organophosphorus compounds in water and organic solvents are: (i) instability of active nucleophiles and oxidizing agents, (ii) corrosiveness, and (iii) extremely low solubility of organophosphorus compounds in water. These dictate the strategy of further studies, namely, carrying out the reaction in microorganized media. The first research line involves the development of the functional imidazole-based detergents functionalized with α-nucleophilic fragments. A number of efficient detergents were first synthesized. An examination of the nucleophilicity of the functional fragments in water and in the micellar phase and quantitative assessment of the factors responsible for the micellar effects showed unambiguously that the main cause of the observed accelerations is the substrate concentrating in the micellar pseudophase. The second research line consists of studies on the reactivity of versatile oxidative/nucleophilic systems involving H2O2/activator and polyhalide ion organocomplexes in water, aqueous alcohols, and micelles of cationic detergents. The novel sources of "active" halogen are highly competitive both with conventional hazardous chlorine derivatives and "green" systems involving H2O2/activator.

scholarly journals Observations on the microbiological flora of canned Parma ham

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cragg ◽  
A. V. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Type A ◽  
Coryneform Bacteria ◽  
Enrichment Cultures ◽  
Parma Ham ◽  
Clostridium Bifermentans ◽  
Group D ◽  
Microbiological Flora

SUMMARYA significant proportion of a consignment of branded Parma Ham was found to have ‘blown’ tins; the associated bacterial flora was therefore investigated. No Salmonella or Shigella were found. Clostridium welchii type A and Clostridium bifermentans were isolated in moderate numbers only from enrichment cultures of the ham. Staphylococcus spp. and coryneform bacteria were obtained from all tins and Group D streptococci were present in a few. No food-poisoning cases were associated with this ham.

Evaluation of heavy metal levels in serum of Wistar rats exposed to engine oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
A.A. Iyanda ◽  
J.I. Anetor ◽  
G.O. Anetor
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Metal Levels

Purpose: Data are available that indicate there is an elaborate elemental constitution of petroleum products, with identified elements contained in the many products being additive (e.g. Ca, Zn and P) as well as wear metals (e.g. Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb and Sn). In addition, incessant deliberate exposure of engine oil to both human beings and farm animals for therapeutic reason has been reported. Therefore the objective of this study is to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in serum of engine oil-exposed rats. Materials & Methods: Thirty adult female rats were divided equally into 5 groups. The first and second groups were treated with engine oil by oral route (as contaminant of feed) at dosage levels of 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg body weight respectively. The third and forth groups received the test agent through the dermal route at dosage levels of 0.5 and 1.0 mL/kg body weight while the fifth group served as the control. The duration of the study was 30 days, after which blood was obtained from each rat, centrifuged and the resultant serum used for the analysis of heavy metals by employing Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), p≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Data obtained showed that there were significant differences in the levels of aluminium, silicon, cadmium, lead, arsenic, vanadium, and nickel. Conclusions: These increases suggest that incessant exposure to engine oil may be dangerous and therefore constitute health hazard.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document