The microbiome of Escherichia coli and culture-negative nonsevere clinical mastitis: Characterization and associations with linear score and milk production

Mastitis is highly prevalent infection in cattle causing cost-effective loss in dairy milk production. Escherichia coli is the most frequently isolated bacteria causing mastitis worldwide. The current study was performed to investigate the mastitis prevalence and effect of different antibiotics against pathogens causing it. In sum, 216 milk samples were collected randomly including 108 each from both cows and buffaloes. These samples were subjected to Surf Field Mastitis Test for prevalence of mastitis that found 18.50% and 23.14% in buffaloes and cows respectively. Mastitis was more prevalent both in buffaloes and cows at the age of 9-10 years that was reported in 35% and 32% respectively. The affected buffaloes showed 65% samples containg watery fluid having blood, pus and mucus whereas 36% samples of affected cows had mucus and watery fluid. Pus and blood content were found to be 12% and 16% respectively. Sub-clinical mastitis was prevalent as 56% and 55% in cows and buffaloes respectively while acute mastitis as 4% and 5% in similar fashion. In both groups Right-for part of udder was frequently affected than any other. Among commonly used four antibiotics, Norfloxacine was observed the most effective antibiotic to control mastitis as compared to Gentamycin, Penicillin and ciprofloxacin. The benefit of this study is to diagnose mastitis and use to isolate pathogens for further processing like antibiotic sensitivity and resistance. This study will help veterinarians in better selection of antibiotic to control mastitis.

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Association of Escherichia coli J5-Specific Serum Antibody Responses with Clinical Mastitis Outcome for J5 Vaccinate and Control Dairy Cattle

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00324-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 209-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

David J. Wilson ◽

Bonnie A. Mallard ◽

Jeanne L. Burton ◽

Ynte H. Schukken ◽

Yrjo T. Grohn

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Milk Production ◽

Specific Antibody ◽

Serum Antibody ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

And Control

ABSTRACT Dairy cattle in two commercial Holstein herds were randomly selected to be vaccinated twice with J5, at approximately 60 days and 28 days before the expected calving date, or to be untreated controls. Based on whether milk production changed following clinical mastitis or whether cows were culled or died within 30 days after onset, 51 mastitis cases were classified as severe or mild. J5-specific antibody responses were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of all 32 severe and 19 mild cases. The amounts of J5-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG1, and IgG2 antibodies in sera from the 27 J5 vaccinates were compared with those of the 24 controls. At drying off (before J5 vaccination), all cows had similar amounts of J5-specific antibody. Immediately after calving (approximately 28 days after the second vaccination), J5 vaccinates had significantly higher production of J5-specific IgG1 and IgG2 than controls. When cows were tested following clinical mastitis, none of the three antibody classes differed significantly between the controls and the vaccinates. Vaccinates that contracted Escherichia coli mastitis had 75% less milk loss than controls. The cows that contracted clinical mastitis later in lactation, the unvaccinated controls, and those infected with E. coli had more milk loss following mastitis. The hazards of being culled for all reasons and of being culled for mastitis were significantly lower for J5 vaccinates. Vaccination with J5 was associated with protection against milk production loss and culling following clinical mastitis, and it was also significantly associated with changes in J5-specific IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 antibodies in sera of vaccinated cows.

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Partial budget analysis of prepartum antimicrobial therapy and Escherichia coli J5 vaccination of dairy heifers and their effect on milk production and milk quality parameters

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2016000200003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renison T. Vargas ◽

Fernando N. Souza ◽

Maria Aparecida V.P. Brito ◽

José R.F. Brito ◽

Mônica O. Leite ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Milk Production ◽

Antimicrobial Therapy ◽

Economic Benefit ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Milk Quality ◽

E Coli ◽

Dairy Heifers ◽

Budget Analysis

Abstract: This study aimed to determine whether prepartum antimicrobial and/or Escherichia coli J5 vaccination in dairy heifers influence the milk production, milk quality, and estimate their economic benefit. Thus, 33 dairy heifers were enrolled in four groups using a split-splot design. Groups were: (G1) prepartum antimicrobial infusion and vaccination with an E. coli J5 bacterin, (G2) prepartum antimicrobial infusion, (G3) vaccination with an E. coli J5 bacterin, and (G4) control heifers. Composite milk samples for somatic cell count, total bacteria count and milk composition were collected 15 days after calving and every 15 days until the end of the experiment. Bacteriological analysis was carried out at the end of study. The milk production and the incidence of clinical cases of mastitis, as well as the costs associated with them were recorded. The results demonstrate a reduction on clinical mastitis rates by preventive strategies, which implicated in lower volume of discarded milk (0.99, 1.01, 1.04 and 3.98% for G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively) and higher economic benefit. Thus, in well-managed dairy herds the prevention of heifer mastitis by vaccination or antimicrobial therapy can reduce the amount of antimicrobials needed to treat clinical mastitis cases and the days of discarded milk.

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Serum Metabolic Markers Pre and Postpartum in Holstein Cows According to the Mastitis Occurrence

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.81881 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Schwegler ◽

Augusto Schneider ◽

Ana Rita Tavares Krause ◽

Paula Montagner ◽

Eduardo Schmitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Postpartum Period ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Serum Markers ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Extensive Management ◽

Early Postpartum

Background: Bovine mastitis causes major economic losses for milk producers by reducing the quantity and the quality of the milk or even leading to the complete loss of the mammary gland secretory capacity. During the transition period, dairy cows are susceptible to infectious diseases; therefore, markers that allow early identification of cows in higher risk of developing diseases are especially useful at this time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate serum markers in the pre and postpartum of multiparous dairy cows with clinical mastitis and with health condition in the postpartum period in a semi-extensive management system.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty-Six Holstein cows were monitored daily during milking until 59 days postpartum and were categorized according to the pre-milking strip cup test into clinical mastitis (mastitis group (MG)) and absence of symptoms (control group (CG)) that were negative to the test, representing the health cows. All cows were reared as one group and maintained in a semi-extensive pasture-based system. Blood samples were collected weekly after morning milking via venipuncture of the coccinea vein into tubes without anticoagulant and grouped for prepartum (-21 to 0 days from calving), early postpartum (0 to 30 days from calving), and late postpartum (30 to 59 days from calving) periods. Milk production was recorded daily. The serum markers albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), phosphorus, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS®. The cases of clinical mastitis occurred on average at 37.2 ± 4.9 days postpartum. Health cows (CG) had higher milk production compared to the mastitis group (MG) only in the late postpartum period (P < 0.05). There was no difference among groups for albumin and NEFA concentrations in all periods evaluated (P > 0.05). In the early postpartum period the AST activity was higher in CG than in MG (P = 0.02). The GGT enzyme tended to be more concentrated in the CG than in the MG during the early (P = 0.06) and late (P = 0.08) postpartum periods. Late postpartum phosphorus concentration was lower for MG than CG (P = 0.04). In the prepartum and early postpartum periods, there was no difference among groups for phosphorus concentration (P > 0.05).Discussion: A decrease in milk production in MG compared to CG observed in late postpartum period was due to the incidence of mastitis observed around 37 days postpartum. Cows that presented clinical mastitis in the postpartum period did not differ in the blood concentration of NEFA in the prepartum period. In the late postpartum period higher concentration of phosphorus was observed in the CG than in MG, indicating that animals affected by mastitis may be in the weakest energy status. Regarding liver health, the concentration of AST was higher in the recent postpartum period for CG, in disagreement with previous studies that related AST to tissue injury caused by mastitis. The GGT enzyme tended to had higher concentrations in CG than MG during the whole postpartum period and may be related to increased hepatic metabolism due to higher production. There were no changes in albumin levels among healthy and mastitis cows, indicating that this marker can not be used to predict clinical mastitis. There were no metabolic alterations in the prepartum period related to the occurrence of postpartum mastitis in multiparous cows in a semi-extensive management system.Keywords: AST, dairy cows, NEFA.

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An Understanding of the Global Status of Major Bacterial Pathogens of Milk Concerning Bovine Mastitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Scientometrics)

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 545

Author(s):

Paramanandham Krishnamoorthy ◽

Kuralayanapalya P. Suresh ◽

Kavitha S. Jayamma ◽

Bibek R. Shome ◽

Sharanagouda S. Patil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Management Practices ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

The World ◽

Pathogen Prevalence

In this study, the major mastitis pathogen prevalence in the cattle and buffalo of the world was estimated by a meta-analysis. Staphylococcus (S) species, Streptococcus (St) species, and Escherichia coli (Ec) prevalence studies reported during 1979–2019 were collected using online databases, and offline resources. A meta-analysis of these data was done with the meta package in R-Software. The Staphylococcus aureus was the major mastitis pathogen, mostly causing subclinical mastitis, Ec causing clinical mastitis and St causing subclinical and clinical mastitis. The pooled prevalence estimates of S, St, and Ec were 28%, 12%, and 11% in the world from 156, 129, and 92 studies, respectively. The S, St, and Ec prevalences were high in Latin America (51%), Oceania (25%), and Oceania (28%), respectively. Higher S, St, and Ec prevalences were observed by molecular methods, signifying high sensitivity and usefulness for future studies. Among bacterial species, S. aureus (25%) followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (20%), Escherichia coli (11%), St. agalactiae (9%), St. uberis (9%) were the important pathogens present in the milk of the world. We hypothesize that there is a urgent need to reduce mastitis pathogen prevalence by ensuring scientific farm management practices, proper feeding, therapeutic interventions to augment profits in dairying, and improving animal and human health.

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Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains Derived from Cow Milk of Subclinical and Clinical Cases of Mastitis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11020541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda ◽

Krzysztof Skowron ◽

Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽

Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke ◽

Jarosław Bystroń ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Cow Milk ◽

P Value ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

E Coli ◽

Bonferroni Test

Mastitis is a major economic problem in dairy herds, as it might decrease fertility, and negatively affect milk quality and milk yield. Out of over 150 bacterial species responsible for the udder inflammation, Escherichia coli is one of the most notable. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance to dipping agents and biofilm formation of 150 E. coli strains isolated from milk of cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The strains came from three dairy herds located in Northern and Central Poland. The statistical analyses were performed with post-hoc Bonferroni test and chi-square test (including Yates correction). The data with a p value of <0.05 were considered significant. We found that the tested strains were mostly sensitive to antimicrobials and dipping agents. It was shown that 37.33% and 4.67% of strains were resistant and moderately resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, respectively. No extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli were detected. The majority of strains did not possess the ability to form biofilm or formed a weak biofilm. The strong biofilm formers were found only among strains derived from cows with subclinical mastitis. The lowest bacteria number was noted for subclinical mastitis cows’ strains, after stabilization with iodine (3.77 log CFU × cm−2) and chlorhexidine (3.96 log CFU × cm−2) treatment. In the present study, no statistically significant differences in susceptibility to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilm were found among the strains isolated from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. Despite this, infections in dairy herds should be monitored. Limiting the spread of bacteria and characterizing the most common etiological factors would allow proper treatment.

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Milk Production Change Following Clinical Mastitis and Reproductive Performance Compared Among J5 Vaccinated and Control Dairy Cattle

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2008-1405 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 91 (10) ◽

pp. 3869-3879 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

D.J. Wilson ◽

Y.T. Grohn ◽

G.J. Bennett ◽

R.N. González ◽

Y.H. Schukken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Milk Production ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

And Control ◽

Production Change

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Use of internal teat sealant in heifers reduces mastitis and may affect milk production

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an16436 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 1494 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. G. Robertson ◽

J. H. Williamson ◽

B. Kuhn-Sherlock ◽

S. J. Lacy-Hulbert ◽

S.-A. Turner

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Production Data ◽

Intramammary Infection ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Prospective Controlled Study

Mastitis in heifers is costly, affecting milk quality and reducing milk production throughout the first lactation. Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of internal teat sealants (ITS) on mastitis in heifers, but there appear to be no reports on the subsequent effects on milk quality and production. The consequences of using ITS before calving were examined in a retrospective study in which two cohorts of primiparous heifers (n = 189), treated with an ITS precalving, were compared with four cohorts when ITS was not used (n = 287), using detailed bacteriology and herd-test production data in a DairyNZ research herd. In years when ITS was used, fewer (P < 0.001) heifers were detected with an intramammary infection at the first milking after calving, and fewer (P < 0.001) cases of clinical mastitis were detected in the first 30 days of lactation, than in years when ITS was not used. During the first 8 weeks of lactation, heifers treated with ITS had a lower (P < 0.0001) somatic cell count and produced 49 kg more milk (P < 0.05) and 5 kg more milksolids (P < 0.001) than did non-treated counterparts. These positive benefits associated with use of ITS provide sufficient evidence to justify further investigation in the form of a prospective controlled study.

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