scholarly journals Identification of Occupation Clustering in Kandy City, Sri Lanka

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
RJM Uduporuwa ◽  
Lasantha Manawadu
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
City Center ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Location Pattern ◽  
Residential Differentiation ◽  
The City

Existence of social groups with different socio-economic status is a common character in a city and makes cities to form residentially varied areas within the city which is generally termed as ‘residential differentiation’. Since residential differentiation sometimes becomes a critical issue to be addressed it should be understood as much as possible before planning and organizing the urban space in optimal manner. This study attempts to investigate spatial expression of occupational structure of Kandy city, Sri Lanka. Attention is given for identifying, measuring and mapping the existing location pattern of occupational groups over the urban space of Kandy city. Occupation data in Kandy city collected from national census of population and housing in 2001 were used and Location Quotient technique (LQ) was employed to analyze the data.Results evidently revealed that ‘occupation’ is influential to form a distinct location pattern in the city space. Basic pattern of location of occupation groups identifiable is that higher ranking occupation groups are concentrated in peripheral areas while lower ranking occupation groups are located in city canter areas or proximity areas to the city Center. This has made some particular areas to be specialized for some occupation groups. Working class or labourer category which has the highest proportion is mostly limited to city center and adjoining areas where commercial and other services are dominated. These areas are highly commercial and mix residential areas in the city and are very valuable lands that can be used for the better economic use establishing new projects. This is one of critical issues to be addressed in future development of the city.

RESTRUCTURING IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE URBAN SPACE OF THE METROPOLIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
A.A. STEPANENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Cycle Economy ◽  
City Population ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The City

The article considers the developed model of the closed-cycle economy, which, along with economic parameters, takes into account pollution and consumption of building materials suitable for recycling. The model reflects the idea that the economic growth of a society alone cannot maintain or improve the existing quality of the environment, and for this it is necessary to increase the recycling rate. The purpose of the study is to reveal the factors influencing the increase in the level of recycling when introducing efficient and environmentally friendly systems for managing construction waste in megacities. The results of the study will affect the improvement of the quality and standards of life of the city population, the creation of favorable conditions for a safe, healthy and the prosperous life of people while ensuring the economic growth of the city. The process of the managing the growing volume of construction waste is reflected, recycling is emphasized.

SPATIAL STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ULAN-UDE CITY WESTERN AND SOUTHERN SUBURBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
А. Badmaev ◽  
◽  
В. Sharaldaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
City Center ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The article analyzes the processes of suburbanization and transformation of the spatial structure of the city of Ulan-Ude. Modern trends in the growth of Western and historical factors of development, due to socio-economic and historical factors of development. In the 1990s-2000s, because of the decline in agriculture and, as a result, the lack of jobs, the rural population began to migrate massively to the Buryat Republic’s capital. However, the prices for houses and apartments in the city center were unbearable for many migrants, so the purchase of land plots and the construction of houses were affordable for many. The estrangement of agricultural lands and their inclusion in residential areas allowed the city of Ulan-Ude and suburban areas to somewhat expand the territory of settlements and create a huge number of GNPP (gardeners non-profit partnership) and DNPP (dacha non-profit partnership). The city and suburban areas were not ready for such a flow and were not able to provide the newly arrived migrants with social, road transport and communal infrastructure. As a result, the city was surrounded by a suburbia almost devoid of any infrastructure. There are some elements of false urbanization or squatter area, which is a type of urbanization in which the urban population rapid growth is not accompanied by a commensurate increase in urban functions. In recent years, the growth rate of suburban settlements has decreased, mainly due to mortgages, which have become more affordable for the population and the growth of multi-storey construction. In addition, the village is slowly depleting the human resources that feed the city and the suburbs. In other words, those who wanted to move to the city have already moved

scholarly journals Circular Statistics Applied to the Study of the Solar Radiation Potential of Rooftops in a Medium-Sized City

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Eugenia Polo ◽  
Mar Pozo ◽  
Elia Quirós
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Circular Data ◽  
Circular Statistics ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
City Center ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The City

Solar energy constitutes one of the most effective alternative energy sources for combating climate change. However, the solar potential in a city can vary depending on the urban morphology. The purpose of this paper is to perform a directional statistical analysis of the distribution of the monthly solar potential of rooftops in the city of Cáceres, Spain, in relation to the orientations and slopes of the rooftops. Two residential areas, one in the city center and one on the outskirts of the city, and an industrial zone, all of which exhibit different urban morphologies, have been evaluated. Statistics have been assessed in consideration of the orientation and slope values of the rooftops as circular data, and the radiation values as linear data. The three dissimilar urban morphologies result in different solar potential values, and the monthly disaggregation of the data enables the ability to detect the differences existing in the solar potential between each zone, during each month. The proposed analysis could also be extrapolated to urban planning for the design of more sustainable cities to face the challenges associated with climate change.

Studying Urban Space and Literary Representations Using GIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alves ◽  
Ana Isabel Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
City Center ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Literary Space ◽  
The City

This article proposes a methodology to address the urban evolutionary process, demonstrating how it is reflected in literature. It focuses on “literary space,” presented as a territory defined by the period setting or as evoked by the characters, which can be georeferenced and drawn on a map. It identifies the different locations of literary space in relation to urban development and the economic, political, and social context of the city. We suggest a new approach for mapping a relatively comprehensive body of literature by combining literary criticism, urban history, and geographic information systems (GIS). The home-range concept, used in animal ecology, has been adapted to reveal the size and location of literary space. This interdisciplinary methodology is applied in a case study to nineteenth- and twentieth-century novels involving the city of Lisbon. The developing concepts of cumulative literary space and common literary space introduce size calculations in addition to location and structure, previously developed by other researchers. Sequential and overlapping analyses of literary space throughout time have the advantage of presenting comparable and repeatable results for other researchers using a different body of literary works or studying another city. Results show how city changes shaped perceptions of the urban space as it was lived and experienced. A small core area, correspondent to a part of the city center, persists as literary space in all the novels analyzed. Furthermore, the literary space does not match the urban evolution. There is a time lag for embedding new urbanized areas in the imagined literary scenario.

SPACE AND ITS USE FOR PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC IN CENTER AREAS OF SELECTED POLISH CITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (0) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nosal ◽  
Łukasz Franek ◽  
Sylwia Rogala
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
City Center ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Street Furniture ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure ◽  
The City

The quality of urban space in terms of walkability can be assessed taking many parameters into account, such as the presence of sidewalks, their density and continuity, appropriate technical parameters as well as the presence of greenery, squares, parks, which create the environment for pedestrian traffic. The lack of travel barriers, the possibility to shorten the route, travel safety and security, the presence of street furniture, shops and services are also significant. This article concerns some of the above described factors and presents selected research results on the use of space in city centers of several Polish cities – Kraków, Gdańsk, Szczecin, Warsaw, Gdynia, Wrocław and Poznań as well as the results of an analysis on the friendliness of this space for pedestrian traffic. The first phase of this study was to determine the share of public space within the analyzed city center areas, and then define areas used as roads, infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists, squares, green areas, parks and public courtyards. The balance of the used space was created for each researched area, and the space dedicated to pedestrian traffic was additionally analyzed in terms of the presence of obstacles as well as sidewalk location. The analysis results prove that that greatest amount of the public space is located in the city center of Poznań, and the smallest in Kraków. Warsaw is characterized by the greatest and Szczecin by the smallest percentage of the pedestrian infrastructure. Szczecin dominates in terms of the share of roads in the downtown area, Wrocław in terms of squares and Gdańsk – public courtyards.

scholarly journals RESIDENTIAL DIFFERENTIATION AT TWO GEOGRAPHIC SCALES – THE METROPOLITAN AREA AND THE CITY: THE CASE OF TEL AVIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak OMER
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Residential Differentiation ◽  
Concentric Pattern ◽  
Spatial Entity

The research of residential differentiation in cities is concentrated on one geographic scale such as metropolitan areas, cities, or counties. As a result, we have relatively little information regarding the extent of residential differentiation and its spatial pattern at different geographic scales. This paper examines the residential differentiation within the socio-spatial structure of the Tel Aviv metropolitan area as it was in 1995. The analysis is conducted at two geographic scales. The first analyzes the entire metropolitan area as one spatial entity; the second examines the 22 cities located within that area. We applied the method of classical factorial social ecology to investigate residential differentiation along the social dimensions of ethnicity, socio-economic status and family status (stage in the family life cycle) in their spatial expression at the metropolitan and city geographic scales. The findings indicated that residential differentiation in the metropolitan area and in cities tends to be dominated by the ethnic dimension, which is most closely associated with the socio-economic dimension. The relative independence of family status enables the formation of socially diverse residential areas which are often organized in nearly a sectoral-concentric pattern. In general, residential differentiation was more significant at the geographic scale of cities.

scholarly journals FORTIFICATION OBIECTS AND STREET NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN THE HISTORICAL PART OF CHERNIVTSI CITY IN THE 18th-20th CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (13) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Mykola Bevz ◽  
Oleksandr Kyshlyaruk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Network Development ◽  
City Development ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Street Network ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The City

Formation and development of the central part of Chernivtsi is a long historical process. The settlement, which emerged in the XIV century, underwent major urban transformations that took place during the XVIII-XX centuries. They became an important period of creation of the renewed structure plan of the city area which is still in operation. The historical city centre has been changing its structure, size, functional organization during a long time. The objective of the research is to study and compare the main parameters and characteristics of the city at certain historical stages by analysing the development of its transport network. The purpose of the article is to review and analyse available cartographic materials and study the street network development in the historical part of the city in the late XVIII - XX centuries. The article highlights the factors that played an important role in the formation and development of Chernivtsi city centre, in particular, strengthening and expansion of economic ties. According to the findings, discovery of new trade routes became a decisive factor that influenced the development of Chernivtsi, determined the city structure and directions of the main streets. Other important factors include natural conditions and local terrain, social economic and administrative impact. Studies have shown that the historical centre of Chernivtsi evolved according to the existing structure plan. Analysis of cartographic materials and historical sources allows to characterize the basic principles of urban development. Expansion of the street network and squares, as well as trends in the planning of residential areas provide an opportunity to assess their nature, scale and size. Topographical maps enabled us to devise comparative schemes of urban development and evolution of city boundaries throughout the studied period. The city center moved gradually to new areas in the south-western direction. This feature of the city development provides important materials for urban study. This work can be primarily aimed at studying the urban planning structure, defense lines, public spaces, etc. The city developed in an extensive way, pushing the boundaries of the city center, creating new parallel urban complexes with new central squares. The most difficult task for scientists today is to localize these boundaries for different stages. The next difficult task is to find out old defense systems existed in the different parts of the city in the past. A completely unresolved question is how defense complexes influenced the development of the planning structure. The study allowed to highlight the prerequisites for major urban transformations in the historical part of Chernivtsi in the XVIII - XX centuries.

scholarly journals Analysis of Life Quality in a Tropical Mountain City Using a Multi-Criteria Geospatial Technique: A Case Study of Kandy City, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
DMSLB Dissanayake ◽  
Takehiro Morimoto ◽  
Yuji Murayama ◽  
Manjula Ranagalage ◽  
ENC Perera
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Spatial Distribution Pattern ◽  
City Center ◽  
The City

The blooming of urban expansion has led to the improvement of urban life, but some of the negative externalities have affected the life quality of urban dwellers, both directly and indirectly. As a result of this, research related to the quality of life has gained much attention among multidisciplinary researchers around the world. A number of attempts have been made by previous researchers to identify, assess, quantify, and map quality of life or well-being under various kinds of perspectives. The objectives of this research were to create a life quality index (LQI) and identify the spatial distribution pattern of LQI in Kandy City, Sri Lanka. Multiple factors were decomposed, a hierarchy was constructed by the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method, and 13 factors were selected under two main criteria—environmental and socioeconomic. Pairwise comparison matrices were created, and the weight of each factor was determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, gradient analysis was employed to examine the spatial distribution pattern of LQI from the city center to the periphery. The results show that socioeconomic factors affect the quality of life more strongly than environmental factors, and the most significant factor is transportation. The highest life quality zones (26% of the total area) were distributed around the city center, while the lowest zones represented only 9% of the whole area. As shown in the gradient analysis, more than 50% of the land in the first five kilometers from the city center comes under the highest life quality zone. This research will provide guidance for the residents and respective administrative bodies to make Kandy City a livable city. It the constructed model can be applied to any geographical area by conducting necessary data calibration.

Urban Social Problems and Marginalized Populations in Postsocialist Transition Societies

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Temelová ◽  
Jana Jíchová ◽  
Lucie Pospíšilová ◽  
Nina Dvořáková
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
City Center ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
The City

Despite growing scholarly interest in residential segregation in Central and Eastern Europe, thus far insufficient attention has been paid to understanding marginalization in these postsocialist transition societies through the perceptions of stakeholders. The present article reports the findings of a qualitative study of the perceptions of urban social problems in the city center of Prague, Czechia. Semistructured interviews with the key actors involved in the city’s social development are used to understand what social phenomena they perceive as problematic, how they localize them within the urban space, and how their perceptions translate into policy attitudes. We find that stakeholders emphasize the issues of homelessness, drug addiction, and the appropriate delivery of social services in their narratives. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the repressive nature of policy interventions partly results from a lack of experience of overcoming such societal issues and partly results from weak coordination at the city level.

scholarly journals The Influence of Urban Conditions on the Phenology of Aesculus hippocastanum L. Using the Example of Wroclaw (Poland)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Iwona Dominika Orzechowska-Szajda ◽  
Robert Krzysztof Sobolewski ◽  
Joanna Lewandowska ◽  
Paulina Kowalska ◽  
Robert Kalbarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
City Center ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The differences in plant phenology between rural and urban areas are the subject of research conducted all over the world. There are few studies aimed at assessing the impact of the urban heat island on plant vegetation only in urban areas. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the distance from the city center and the form of land cover on the phenological development of trees using the example of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). The research area covered the entire city of Wrocław. In order to best capture the impact of the distance from the city center on the rate of changes of individual phenophases, 3 areas were designated—at a distance of 1 km, 2 km and 5 km. The study assessed the average duration of individual phenological phases along with the variability characteristics for leafing, flowering and fruiting in relation to the designated zones and classified forms of land cover based on mean value (x¯) and standard deviation (±SD) in individual weeks of the year. For the leafing and flowering phases, the frequency of the occurrence of phases in individual weeks of the year was analyzed in relation to the designated zones and classified land use methods. The results obtained on the basis of phenological observations carried out in 2017 in Wrocław confirmed the extension of the period of vegetation in the city center in relation to its peripheries. Trees growing in road lanes entered the vegetation period later and defoliated faster, which confirms the negative impact of street conditions on the development of trees in urban space. Thus, the growing season in road lanes is shorter and due to the 1-year observation period, it is justified to conduct further observations.

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