Hydrocephalus and its treatment according to Rhazes

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Aciduman ◽  
Deniz Belen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Fields

The renowned medieval Persian physician Rhazes was an early proponent of experimental medicine. Rhazes made fundamental and enduring contributions to medicine and to other scientific fields. He wrote over 200 scientific books, more than half of which concerned medicine. He was well versed in Persian, Greek, and Indian medical knowledge, and made numerous contributions to the medical field through his own observations and discoveries. He was also a pioneer in the field of neurosurgery and, as he was predominantly a pediatrician, he dealt with the subject of hydrocephalus. A large part of his medical tome, al-Hawi, deals with head-related disorders including the hydrocephalus. Although he did not introduce novel concepts of hydrocephalus and its management, by combining the different approaches of experienced scholars he endeavored to improve treatment and knowledge of this problematic disease.

Madness, virtue, and ecology: A classical Indian approach to psychiatric disturbance

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512098224
Author(s):  
Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Relationship

The Caraka Saṃhitā (ca. first century BCE–third century CE), the first classical Indian medical compendium, covers a wide variety of pharmacological and therapeutic treatment, while also sketching out a philosophical anthropology of the human subject who is the patient of the physicians for whom this text was composed. In this article, I outline some of the relevant aspects of this anthropology – in particular, its understanding of ‘mind’ and other elements that constitute the subject – before exploring two ways in which it approaches ‘psychiatric’ disorder: one as ‘mental illness’ ( mānasa-roga), the other as ‘madness’ ( unmāda). I focus on two aspects of this approach. One concerns the moral relationship between the virtuous and the well life, or the moral and the medical dimensions of a patient’s subjectivity. The other is about the phenomenological relationship between the patient and the ecology within which the patient’s disturbance occurs. The aetiology of and responses to such disturbances helps us think more carefully about the very contours of subjectivity, about who we are and how we should understand ourselves. I locate this interpretation within a larger programme on the interpretation of the whole human being, which I have elsewhere called ‘ecological phenomenology’.

Transnationalism in Missionary Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Margo S. Gewurtz
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
Tropical Medicine ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
London School ◽  
The North ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
Medical Missionaries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Missionary Medicine

Kala-azar is a parasitic disease that was endemic in India, parts of Africa and China. During the first half of the twentieth century, developing means of treatment and identification of the host and transmission vectors for this deadly disease would be the subject of transnational research and controversy. In the formative period for this research, two Canadian Medical missionaries, Drs. Jean Dow and Ernest Struthers, pioneered work on Kala-azar in the North Henan Mission. The great international prestige of the London School of Tropical Medicine and the Indian Medical Service would stand against recognition of the clinical discoveries of missionary doctors in remote North Henan. It was only after Struthers forged personal relations with Dr. Lionel. E. Napier and his colleagues at the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine that there was a meeting of minds to promote the hypothesis that the sand fly was the transmission vector.

THE TERMS-VERBS IN CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL TEXT

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
MARINA V. VEKLICH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Medical Text ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Medical Dictionary ◽  
Russian Medical

The article presents a fact-based study of the verbalization of medical knowledge, verbal nomination as one of the ways to create a Russian medical dictionary. The linguistic materials collected during the research indicate the ability of the verb to terminate concepts. Verb-terms, in contrast to noun-terms, nominate specific processes, phenomena. Verb terms are included in word-formation nests along with noun terms. Verb terms fall into two groups: 1) branch verbs and 2) common verbs. The first group unites verbs characteristic of the medical field of knowledge, the second group includes verbs, the terminological nature of which is manifested in the composition of a phrase with a dependent noun-term. In such verb-nominal phrases, the verb either expands the meaning, or concretizes the existing one. Verb terms are used mainly in those branches of medicine that are associated with a specif- ic action (for example, surgery). Verb terms have the same grammatical categories as verbs of the general literary language. The results obtained can be used for further research on the cognitive properties of verbs-terms based on new sources.

THE CONCEPT AS THE OBJECT OF STUDY OF LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
K. Galiyeva ◽  
◽  
S. Isakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Scientific Fields

The article is devoted to the definition of concept in modern linguistics. Various points of view and definitions of the basic concepts are considered: "concept", "conceptual sphere", "content". The aim of the article is to describe and explain such a complex unit as a concept from the point of view of linguistics. The object of research is studied in its various manifestations, the combination of verbal and nonverbal means of information expression in the conceptual sphere is revealed. the relevance of this topic is due to the need for a detailed consideration of the concept of concept based on the works of prominent scientists and linguists. Researchers treat the concept as a cognitive, psycholinguistic, linguocultural, cultural and linguistic phenomenon. The concept is an umbrella term because it "covers" the subject areas of several scientific fields: primarily cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics.

I nuovi scambi tra medici e pazienti: le parole della medicina

2021 ◽  
Vol 9788879169776 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Antonio M. Carrassi
Keyword(s):  
Search Engines ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Field Information ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Medicine showed enormous progresses since the middle of the last century and, thanks to the overwhelming research activities, which characterized that period, the average life span of people has increased extraordinarily. Many diseases that once were considered incurable are now being successfully treated. However, the disease has often been placed at the core of the clinical process rather than the person, the individual, the patient. Even in recent years, the patient doesn’t always find in his doctor the appropriate degree of empathy, and the level of communication that would be desirable. Moreover, today we are living an extraordinary development and spreading use of digital resources and search engines. Patients exploit these tools to obtain any kind of information, included the one in the medical field. Information technology and search engines play an extremely important role in medicine, and they can be seen a pivotal communication instrument between clinicians and patients, although they can also provide inaccurate or incorrect feedback to laypeople looking for answers to health questions, who do not have enough medical knowledge to evaluate the reliability of the source. This problem has been raised by clinicians and, more generally, by health workers, who today operate with a view to greater psychological proximity to the patient, passing from a so-called Disease Centred Medicine to a clinical practice much more sensitive to the needs of the patient, to his experience, to the context in which he lives, thus achieving a Patient Centred Medicine. Listening, attention, empathy and the words that a clinician is required to use towards each patient, during the clinical routine, take on more and more value for a correct doctor-patient exchange and alliance.

scholarly journals Practical Negotiation for Medical Professionals

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Eisemann ◽  
Ryan Wagner ◽  
Edward Reece
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Innovation ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Business Acumen ◽  
Time And Energy

AbstractDespite incredible advances in medical innovation and education, many students finish medical school, and physicians finish residency, without sound business acumen regarding the financial realities of the modern profession. The curriculum in medical schools and residency programs too often neglects teaching the business of medicine. This overview addresses how physicians can utilize effective negotiation strategies to help develop a medical practice or add value to an existing practice or institution. The authors applied the six foundations of effective negotiating, detailed by Richard Shell in his Bargaining for Advantage, to the medical field to demonstrate the processes involved in effective negotiating. They then outlined a strategy for physicians to adopt when negotiating and showed how this strategy can be used to add value. The six foundations include: developing a personal bargaining style, setting realistic goals, determining authoritative standards, establishing relationships, exploring the other party's interests, and gaining leverage. As physicians complete training, the ability to solely focus on medical knowledge and clinical patient care disappears. It is crucial that physicians invest the time and energy into preparing for the business aspects of this profession in much the same way they prepare for the clinical care of patients. This overview seeks to define the basics of negotiation, characterize the application of negotiation principles toward clinical medicine, and lay the foundation for further discussion and investigation.

Approach to the Internal Medicine Board Examination

2014 ◽  
pp. 1103-1107
Author(s):  
Stuart B. Mushlin
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Core Knowledge ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
The Core ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Core Body

This chapter is different from the others. Its intent is to concentrate your mind on the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) examination, its purpose, and its likely test scenarios. The ABIM moved to a written rather than oral test in the 1960s. The testing has been extensively validated and is unlikely to change much in its character. Essentially, the ABIM wants to determine if you have the core knowledge in all the disciplines to be an effective and efficient physician. It further wants to discriminate between you and the other test takers so that you can see how you compare with others taking the examination. Many candidates, in their increasing anxiety over the subject matter, lose sight of these major objectives. To pass the examination it is not necessary to regurgitate in photographic detail one of the standard textbooks of medicine or the latest Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program (MKSAP) review; however, you should feel that you know the core body of knowledge in all the major medical specialties.

Whose Territory is it Anyway? Should Psychiatry own Alcohol and Drugs in Australia?

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Wodak
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Drug Problems

Surely alcohol and drug matters in Australia should be regarded as the province of psychiatry? Decades before any other branch of medicine displayed any interest in the subject and long before alcohol and drugs were considered even remotely respectable, numerous Australian psychiatrists provided inspiration and leadership in this Cinderella field. Drs Bartholomew, Bell, Buchanan, Chegwidden, Dalton, Drew, Ellard, Lennane, Milner, Milton, Waddy and Pols are some of the best known among the many Australian psychiatrists who pioneered efforts to improve treatment for patients with alcohol and drug problems. The NHMRC Committee on Alcohol and Drug Dependence, which has a considerable potential for influencing the field in Australia, has always been dominated by psychiatrists. In the United Kingdom and the United States, countries which often serve as models for much of Australian medical and other practice, alcohol and drug matters are determined almost exclusively by psychiatrists. Is there any evidence that they have been held back by a psychiatric hegemony on alcohol and drug's? For many decades (and until quite recently), alcohol and drug matters were handled for the World Health Organisation by its Mental Health Division. Did we suffer globally because WHO placed alcohol and drugs under the control of psychiatry?

On the Transmission of Indian Medical Texts to the Arabs in the Early Middle Ages

Arabica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82-97
Author(s):  
Oliver Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Current State ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
Abbasid Caliphate ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bibliographical Survey ◽  
State Of Research

Abstract The transmission of Indian scientific and, notably, medical texts to the Arabs during the heyday of the Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad (ca 158/775-205/820) is still largely shrouded in myth; its investigation continues to be hampered not only by serious methodological problems but also by a lack of philological groundwork and a shortage of trained researchers. This article, which in essence is meant to serve as a rough guide into one prospective field of “Indo-Arabic” studies, focuses on a badly neglected though highly promising cluster of texts, namely those that relate to the translation and adaptation of certain Ayurvedic key works from Sanskrit into Arabic. A general assessment of the current state of research, of the factors that condition our knowledge and of the obstacles and limitations posed by the very nature of the subject, is followed by a bio-bibliographical survey of Ayurvedic texts which were subject to transmission; the article is rounded off by six Sanskrit-into-Arabic text samples, with English translations for both.

Somatic-type delusional disorder and comorbidity mood disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S412-S412
Author(s):  
V. Martí Garnica ◽  
M.D. Ortega Garcia ◽  
M.Á. Bernal López ◽  
J.R. Russo De león ◽  
S. García Marín
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Delusional Disorder ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Muscular Pain ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Special Quality ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Delusional Belief

Chronic delusional disorder encompasses what classical termed as paranoia and paraphrenia. This disorder is characterized by the presence of one or more non-bizarre, permanent and systematized delusions. Cognitive functions of the patient not affected, judgment and reason are not affected if the subject is not addressed delirious. Delusional theme includes life-like experiences, including: persecution – persecutory type –, suffering from a disease – somatic type –, to be loved by someone famous – erotomaniac type –, the partner is unfaithful – jealous type – or having a special quality or gift – megalomaniac type –. Usually, patients lack awareness of mental illness and often prior to contact with mental health, made a pilgrimage by different specialists looking for an organic explanation.The description of a case report of a 47-year-old male who has a delusional belief body deformity secondary to manipulation by a physiotherapist suffering a muscular pain in the lumbar region is performed. Prior to psychiatric diagnosis, begins a long journey by different specialists.As a consequence, somatic-type delusional disorder is a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment in the medical field because it is required a multidisciplinary approach for these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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