scholarly journals Human cortical prostheses: lost in translation?

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. E5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen I. Ryu ◽  
Krishna V. Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Patient Risk ◽  
Clinical Reality ◽  
Fiscal Support ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lost In Translation ◽  
Concept Systems

Direct brain control of a prosthetic system is the subject of much popular and scientific news. Neural technology and science have advanced to the point that proof-of-concept systems exist for cortically-controlled prostheses in rats, monkeys, and even humans. However, realizing the dream of making such technology available to everyone is still far off. Fortunately today there is great public and scientific interest in making this happen, but it will only occur when the functional benefits of such systems outweigh the risks. In this article, the authors briefly summarize the state of the art and then highlight many issues that will directly limit clinical translation, including system durability, system performance, and patient risk. Despite the challenges, scientists and clinicians are in the desirable position of having both public and fiscal support to begin addressing these issues directly. The ultimate challenge now is to determine definitively whether these prosthetic systems will become clinical reality or forever unrealized.

PLANEJAMENTO FAMILIAR COMO ASSUNTO DE MULHER!? PERFIL DE GÊNERO NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NO BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella De Paula Chiesa ◽  
Mário Antônio Sanches ◽  
Daiane Priscila Simão-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Subject

O estudo do Planejamento familiar, no contexto da bioética, abre-se para diversas perspectivas, entre elas a valorização dos seus diferentes atores. Situado neste contexto o artigo tem como objetivo identificar o perfil de gênero na produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil, entre 2000 e 2014, assim como a área de formação e especialização dos autores. Foram utilizadas metodologias que permitiram mapear o estado da arte do tema estudado, a partir de uma revisão da literatura. O resultado da pesquisa identifica que a produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil se compõe de perfil destacadamente feminino (71,76%). Dos 73 artigos analisados, 42 (57,53%) o foco do tema está direcionado à mulher assim como evidencia-se a área de ciências da saúde com maior concentração das publicações do tema.  Este aspecto da pesquisa abre para uma realidade complexa onde se buscam criticamente as razões para a pesquisa em Planejamento Familiar ter ênfase na mulher e ser um tema de relevância nas ciências da saúde.Palavras-chave: Produção científica, Planejamento Familiar, Gênero.  ABSTRACT: The study of Family Planning, in the context of bioethics, opens to diverse perspectives, among them the appreciation of their different agents. Situated in this context the article aims to identify the profile of gender in scientific literature on Family Planning in Brazil, between 2000 and 2014, as well as the area of training and specialization of the authors. Methodologies were used which allowed to map the State of the art of the subject studied, from a review of the literature. The results found identify that the scientific production on Family Planning in Brazil is formed with a outstandingly female profile (71,76%). Of the 73 articles examined, 42 (57.53%) the focus of the topic is directed to women as well as showing the health sciences area with highest concentration of publications. This aspect of the research opens to a complex reality where we seek critically the reasons for Research in Family Planning have emphasis on woman and be a topic of relevance in health sciences.Keywords: Scientific Production, Family Planning, Gender.

A Systematic Literature Review of the EFQM Excellence Model from 1991 to 2019

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Petr Bris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
The Subject

A systematic literature review (SLR) from 1991 to 2019 is carried out about EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) excellence model in this paper. The aim of the paper is to present state of the art in quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model that will guide future research lines in this field. The articles were searched with the help of six strings and these six strings were executed in three popular databases i.e. Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Around 584 peer-reviewed articles examined, which are directly linked with the subject of quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model. About 108 papers were chosen finally, then the purpose, data collection, conclusion, contributions, and type of quantitative of the selected papers are discussed and analyzed briefly in this study. Thus, this study identifies the focus areas of the researchers and knowledge gaps in empirical quantitative literature on the EFQM excellence model. This article also presents the lines of future research.

КУЛЬТУРНО-МИСТЕЦЬКА СПАДЩИНА УКРАЇНИ В НОВИХ СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ОБСТАВИНАХ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Admink Admink
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Artistic Life ◽  
The Subject

Аналізується тематичний ряд наукових статей, надісланих до фахового, науко-метричного збірника «Українська культура: минуле, сучасне, шляхи розвитку», Вип. 30 («мистецтвознавство»), виявляється проблематика, що є предметом наукового зацікавлення дослідників.Ключові слова: науковий пошук, культурно-мистецьке життя, сучасність, історична ретроспектива, міжкультурний вимір. The thematic number of scientific articles is sent to the professional, scientific and metric digest «Ukrainian Culture: Past, Present, Ways of Development» (vol.30, "Art Studies") and analyzed. The issues, which are the subject of scientific interest of researchers, are revealed. Key words: scientific search, cultural and artistic life, modernity, historical retrospective, intercultural dimension. Key words: scientific search, cultural and artistic life, modernity, historical retrospective, intercultural dimension.  

scholarly journals Thiophene-Based Trimers and Their Bioapplications: An Overview

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Vallan ◽  
Emin Istif ◽  
I. Jénnifer Gómez ◽  
Nuria Alegret ◽  
Daniele Mantione
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thiophene Ring ◽  
Functional Polymers ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Chemical Modifications

Certainly, the success of polythiophenes is due in the first place to their outstanding electronic properties and superior processability. Nevertheless, there are additional reasons that contribute to arouse the scientific interest around these materials. Among these, the large variety of chemical modifications that is possible to perform on the thiophene ring is a precious aspect. In particular, a turning point was marked by the diffusion of synthetic strategies for the preparation of terthiophenes: the vast richness of approaches today available for the easy customization of these structures allows the finetuning of their chemical, physical, and optical properties. Therefore, terthiophene derivatives have become an extremely versatile class of compounds both for direct application or for the preparation of electronic functional polymers. Moreover, their biocompatibility and ease of functionalization make them appealing for biology and medical research, as it testifies to the blossoming of studies in these fields in which they are involved. It is thus with the willingness to guide the reader through all the possibilities offered by these structures that this review elucidates the synthetic methods and describes the full chemical variety of terthiophenes and their derivatives. In the final part, an in-depth presentation of their numerous bioapplications intends to provide a complete picture of the state of the art.

scholarly journals Nutritional Optic Neuropathies: State of the Art and Emerging Evidences

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2653
Author(s):  
Matilde Roda ◽  
Natalie di Geronimo ◽  
Marco Pellegrini ◽  
Costantino Schiavi
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Nutritional optic neuropathy is a cause of bilateral, symmetrical, and progressive visual impairment with loss of central visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, dyschromatopsia, and a central or centrocecal scotoma. The clinical features are not pathognomonic, since hereditary and toxic forms share similar signs and symptoms. It is becoming increasingly common due to the widespread of bariatric surgery and strict vegetarian or vegan diets, so even the scientific interest has recently increased. In particular, recent studies have focused on possible pathogenetic mechanisms, and on novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in order to prevent the onset, make a prompt diagnosis and an accurate nutritional supplementation, and to avoid irreversible optic nerve atrophy. Nowadays, there is clear evidence of the role of cobalamin, folic acid, thiamine, and copper, whereas further studies are needed to define the role of niacin, riboflavin, and pyridoxine. This review aims to summarize the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of nutritional optic neuropathy, and it is addressed not only to ophthalmologists, but to all physicians who could come in contact with a patient with a possible nutritional optic neuropathy, being a fundamental multidisciplinary approach.

History of Mathematics in the Islamic World: The Present State of the Art

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Berggren
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
Islamic Mathematics

In Recent Years, many discoveries in the history of Islamic mathematics have not been reported outside the specialist literature, even though they raise issues of interest to a larger audience. Thus, our aim in writing this survey is to provide to scholars of Islamic culture an account of the major themes and discoveries of the last decade of research on the history of mathematics in the Islamic world. However, the subject of mathematics comprised much more than what a modern mathematician might think of as belonging to mathematics, so our survey is an overview of what may best be called the “mathematical sciences” in Islam; that is, in addition to such topics as arithmetic, algebra, and geometry we will also be interested in mechanics, optics, and mathematical instruments.

More on Brain and Semiosis: Can We Find a Point in Neuronets?

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Chernigovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Direct Testing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Neurophysiological Basis ◽  
Person Experience ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions ◽  
Human Specific

The paper discusses semiotic aspects of higher human functions and a possibility and relevance of traditional search for their neurophysiological basis. The state of the art on the subject is reviewed and the lack of data on anthropological specificity for reasoning, thinking, language and its AI modeling is highlighted. Experimental neuroscience presumes that if we know the characteristics of neu­rons and their connections, we automatically understand what mind and con­sciousness are. However, it is evident that such a paradigm does not allow us to get relevant answers to the main questions. I argue that the problem should be dealt with not only within the field of neurophysiology proper. Rather, such re­search should involve exploring the 'archeology' of mental processes as they are revealed in arts as well as in other symbolic spaces. The paper discusses the ade­quacy of physiological methodology when it is employed to demonstrate brain mechanisms of higher functions. Besides, I explore the relevance of juxta­posing similar data from other biological and artificial intelligent systems. I view language processing, mind and reasoning and 1st person experience (qualia) as human specific features, and questions the possibility of direct testing these phenomena. The paper links genetic, anthropological and neurophysio­logical data to semiotic activity and semiosphere formation as the basis for com­munication. The paper discusses the place of humans in the changing world in the context of new cognitive dimensions.

scholarly journals Environmental issues and international relations, a new global (dis)order - the role of International Relations in promoting a concerted international system

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Castro Pereira
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
International System ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Subject

Is it possible to talk about the rise of a new global (dis)order founded on the challenges posed by environmental issues? Through the review of the state of the art on the subject, this article analyzes the growing importance of the environment, and natural resources in particular, in international relations; and aims to raise awareness among International Relations scholars to the potential positive impact of the development of the discipline in integration with global environmental change studies.

The State of the Art in Management Education Applicable to Aerospace Activities

1967 ◽  
Vol 71 (677) ◽  
pp. 344-348
Author(s):  
J. V. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Management Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
List Type ◽  
Industrial Training ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Necessity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

During the past two years, there has been a sharp acceleration to the interest which industry has displayed in the subject of management education. This can be attributed to these factors: —(a) A more widespread realisation of the gap developing between the UK and a number of foreign economies, as manifested by diverging rates of the major economic indicators.(b) The attainment of top-management responsibilities by a younger generation of managers, many of whom had been given some earlier training and who were more conscious of its value than the incumbents of the job from earlier generations.(c) The publication of the Franks, Robbins and (in the aerospace industry) the Plowden reports.(d) The impact of the Industrial Training Boards making it manifest, in terms of serious levies, that training was an economic necessity and therefore must be investigated thoroughly.Notwithstanding the widespread awakening of interest, it is very belated and sets numerous problems. The problems are in two areas—scale and quality.

scholarly journals 31.Time

1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
A Orte
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Subsequent Research ◽  
Primary Standards

The scientific interest in Commission 31 topics and their applicability to new and practical fields is exponentially growing, pushing towards the recognition of new problems and subsequent research. In some cases as in Primary Standards the state of the art seems to be rather close to the actual and imagined needs. In other cases as in worldwide precise and accurate synchronization, we have to recognize that we still are far from the goals.

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