scholarly journals An introductory overview of orbital tumors

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim E. Darsaut ◽  
Giuseppe Lanzino ◽  
M. Beatriz Lopes ◽  
Steven Newman

The term “orbital tumors” comprises a wide variety of lesions that often share the same cardinal clinical finding (exophthalmos) and clinical history. Age at presentation, associated ophthalmological findings, and radiological features, however, provide invaluable information as to the possible histological type of tumor. The present article serves as an introductory overview regarding the pathological characteristics, clinical features, radiological characteristics, and principles of treatment of orbital tumors.

Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison

9.1 Basis of infection, 189 9.2 Clinical features of infection, 189 9.3 Basis of diagnosis, 189 9.4 Principles of treatment, 190 9.5 Implications within hospital setting, 190 • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the primary pathogen. • Found in soil, water, plants, and animals. • Grows in moist environments including hot tubs, wet intravenous tubing, and other water-containing vessels....


Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Ikchan Jeon ◽  
Eunjung Kong ◽  
Dongwoo Yu ◽  
Cheol Pyo Hong

Purpose: The clinical and radiological abnormal findings continue even after successful treatment in pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO). We analyzed the clinical and radiological features of cured PVO based on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (FDG-PET/MRI) and compared the radiological differences between FDG-PET and MRI for assessing therapeutic response in PVO. Methods: This study included 43 patients (28 men and 15 women) with lumbar PVO who had no recurrence after successful antimicrobial therapy. They were divided into two groups based on the location of maximum standardized FDG uptake value (SUVmax) of PVO lesion on FDG-PET/MRI when parenteral antibiotics were discontinued (31 in group A: Intervertebral structure; 12 in group B: Vertebral body and paravertebral muscle). The differences of clinical symptoms, hematological inflammatory indices, and radiological features were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The patients were treated with 42.28 ± 14.58 (21–89) days of parenteral antibiotics. There were significant differences in C-reactive protein (0.97 ± 1.10 vs. 0.51 ± 0.31 mg/dL, p = 0.041; normal range of CRP < 0.5), back pain (4.29 ± 1.13 vs. 3.50 ± 1.00, p = 0.040; visual analog scale), and SUVmax (4.34 ± 1.24 vs. 5.89 ± 1.57, p < 0.001) between the two groups. In the distribution pattern of PVO lesions, FDG-PET overall showed recovery pattern earlier than MRI did (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In cured PVO, the clinical features vary depending on the location of major structural damage of PVO lesion. The involvement of intervertebral structure is related with sustained back pain and elevation of CRP, and vertebral body/paravertebral muscle shows favorable clinical features despite advanced structural damages.


2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (15) ◽  
pp. 756-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahai Zhao ◽  
Feifei Yao ◽  
Lijie Wang ◽  
Ling Zheng ◽  
Yongjun Gao ◽  
...  

Abstract Background A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has raised world concern since it emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The infection may result in severe pneumonia with clusters of illness onsets. Its impacts on public health make it paramount to clarify the clinical features with other pneumonias. Methods Nineteen COVID-19 and 15 other patients with pneumonia (non-COVID-19) in areas outside of Hubei were involved in this study. Both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients were confirmed to be infected using throat swabs and/or sputa with/without COVID-2019 by real-time RT-PCR. We analyzed the demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features from those patients, and compared the differences between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19. Results All patients had a history of exposure to confirmed cases of COVID-19 or travel to Hubei before illness. The median (IQR) duration was 8 (6–11) and 5 (4–11) days from exposure to onset in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases, respectively. The clinical symptoms were similar between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19. The most common symptoms were fever and cough. Fifteen (78.95%) COVID-19 but 4 (26.67%) non-COVID-19 patients had bilateral involvement while 17 COVID-19 patients (89.47%) but 1 non-COVID-19 patient (6.67%) had multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity on chest CT images. Compared with non-COVID-19, COVID-19 presents remarkably more abnormal laboratory tests, including AST, ALT, γ-GT, LDH, and α-HBDH. Conclusions The COVID-19 infection has onsets similar to other pneumonias. CT scan may be a reliable test for screening COVID-19 cases. Liver function damage is more frequent in COVID-19 than non-COVID-19 patients. LDH and α-HBDH may be considerable markers for evaluation of COVID-19.


2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Van der Walt

Hierdie inleidende, oorsigtelike artikel is die derde in ’n reeks van drie in hierdie tydskrif. Die kort trilogie beoog om die grondleggers van ’n Christelike filosofie, naamlik D.H.Th. Vollenhoven (1892–1978), H.G. Stoker (1899–1993) en H. Dooyeweerd (1894–1977) bekend te stel. In hierdie bydrae word gepoog om die hooftrekke van Dooyeweerd se komplekse filosofiese ontwikkelingsgang te rekonstrueer met behulp van sy Nederlandse kollega, Vollenhoven, se probleem-historiese metode van wysgerige historiografie. Ter inleiding word belangrike agtergrondinligting oor hierdie internasionaal erkende Christelike denker gegee. Daar word ook daarop gewys dat Dooyeweerd en Vollenhoven aan die begin (1918–1922) dieselfde filosofiese standpunt (wat deur Vollenhoven ontwerp is) gehuldig het. Mettertyd het hulle filosofiese paaie egter verskillend ontwikkel en groot verskille het in hulle konsepsies ontstaan. In die tweede gedeelte word eerstens daarop gewys dat Vollenhoven asook verskeie van sy leerlinge lank tevore reeds monargianistiese tendense by Dooyeweerd vermoed het. Sedert 2010 suggereer navorsing dat Dooyeweerd se filosofie oor ’n periode van ongeveer 50 jaar deur ten minste die volgende drie verskillende fases ontwikkel het: 1918–1922 (kritiese realisme), 1923–1928 (semimistiek) en 1929–1977 (monistiese monargianisme). Met hierdie indeling as hipotese word daarna verskillende moontlike invloede op Dooyeweerd van binne die eie geesgenootlike kring sowel as daarbuite nagegaan. Laastens word enkele van sy uitstaande bydraes uitgelig. Op grond van ’n terugblik van al drie die bydraes in hierdie reeks, word ten slotte enkele opmerkings ten opsigte van die pad vorentoe gemaak.This introductory overview is the third in a series of three in this journal. The aim of this trilogy is to introduce the founders of a Christian philosophy, viz. D.H.Th. Vollenhoven (1892–1978), H.G. Stoker (1899–1993) and H. Dooyeweerd (1994–1977) to the readers. The present article tries to reconstruct the contours of the complex philosophical development of Dooyeweerd by employing the problem-historical method of philosophical historiography of his colleague, Vollenhoven. The introduction provides important background information about this internationally acclaimed scholar. It is indicated that at the emergence of a reformational philosophy (1918–1922) these two thinkers shared a viewpoint mainly developed by Vollenhoven. Afterwards, however, their philosophical journeys developed in different directions, distinct from each other. A second section of the article draws attention to the fact that since long ago Vollenhoven and some of his followers suspected monarchian tendencies in Dooyeweerd’s thinking. Since 2010 new research suggests that his philosophy developed during a period of about 50 years through at least the following three phases: 1918–1922 (critical realism), 1923–1928 (semi-mysticism) and 1929–1977 (monistic monarchianism). This hypothesis about Dooyeweerd’s philosophical development enables a next (third) step, viz. to trace the possible internal influences (from his like-minded predecessors) as well as external (secular) ones on the formation of his thought. A following (fourth) part provides a few highlights of his contribution to Christian scholarship. Finally, in retrospection on all three articles, this contribution is concluded with a few remarks about the road ahead.


Author(s):  
Liva Andrejeva ◽  
Jaime L. Geisel ◽  
Malini Harigopal

A spiculated mass is a centrally dense lesion seen on mammography with sharp lines radiating from its margin. The spicules can vary greatly in length, from a few millimeters to several centimeters. In malignant lesions, spicules represent a mixture of tumor cells and fibrosis invading the normal tissue surrounding the lesion. Although a spiculated mass is thought of as a classic finding of malignancy on mammography, ultrasound, and MRI, its differential diagnosis includes benign lesions. However, unless clinical history strongly supports a benign diagnosis, a spiculated mass on any modality typically will require additional workup and biopsy. This chapter reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, radiology–pathology correlations, and clinical management recommendations for a spiculated mass. Topics discussed include both malignant and benign masses.


2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wook Kim ◽  
Sang Kun Lee ◽  
Chun Kee Chung ◽  
Young-Cho Koh ◽  
Geeyoung Choe ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Ro ◽  
Norimasa Kageyama ◽  
Nobuyuki Abe ◽  
Akihiro Takatsu ◽  
Tatsushige Fukunaga

Object Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to a ruptured intracranial vertebral artery (VA) dissection sometimes results in a sudden fatal outcome. The authors analyzed the relationship between clinical features and histopathological characteristics among fatal cases to establish valuable information for clinical diagnostics and prophylaxis. Methods This study included 58 medicolegal autopsy cases of ruptured intracranial VA dissection among 553 fatal nontraumatic cases of SAH that occurred between January 2000 and December 2007. Their clinical features were obtained from autopsy records. Histopathological investigations were performed on cross-sections obtained from all 4-mm segments of whole bilateral intracranial VAs and prepared with H & E and elastica van Gieson staining. Results The autopsy cases included 47 males and 11 females, showing a marked predilection for males. The mean age was 46.8 ± 7.7 years, with 78% of the patients in their 40s or 50s. Hypertension was the most frequently encountered history; it was found in 36% of cases from clinical history and in 55% of cases based on autopsy findings. Prodromal symptoms related to intracranial VA dissections were detected in 43% of patients. Headache or neck pain lasting hours to weeks was a frequent complaint. Of patients with prodromal symptoms, 44% had consulted doctors; however, in none of these was SAH or intracranial VA dissection diagnosed at a preventable stage. Autopsy revealed fusiform aneurysms with medial dissecting hematomas. Apart from ruptured intracranial VA dissection, previous intracranial VA dissection was detected in 25 cases (43%); among them, 10 showed previous dissection of the bilateral intracranial VAs. The incidence of prodromal symptoms (60%) among the patients with previous intracranial VA dissection was significantly higher than that (30%) among cases without previous dissection (chi-square test; p = 0.023). Most previous intracranial VA dissections formed a single lumen resembling nonspecific atherosclerotic lesions, with the exception of 3 cases (12%) with a double lumen. Conclusions Intracranial VA dissection resulting in fatal SAH frequently affects middle-aged men with untreated hypertension. Related to the high frequency of prodromal symptoms, latent previous intracranial VA dissection was histopathologically detected. Furthermore, intracranial VA dissection tends to induce multiple lesions affecting both intracranial VAs recurrently. This suggests the importance of an awareness of sustained whole intracranial VA vulnerability for the prevention of recurrence. The incidence of prodromal symptoms was significantly higher among patients with previous intracranial VA dissections. Thus, earlier diagnosis of intracranial VA dissections at the unruptured stage is desirable for prophylaxis against fatal SAH.


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