scholarly journals IMPROVING SURFACE RUNOFF RETENTION EFFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Slabunova ◽  
◽  
A. P. Surovikina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Low Efficiency

Purpose: improving the method for protecting slopes from water erosion to increase the efficiency of the anti-erosion structure, taking into account modern requirements for ensuring ecological regulatory compliance in the field of preventing pollution of water bodies. Materials and Methods. The basis for improving the method of protecting slopes from water erosion with the help of hydraulic structures was the well-known and author's developments of individual elements and structures of anti-erosion facilities. When generalizing and comparing technical characteristics and principles of the structure operation, the methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis were used. Results. Analysis of various materials (scientific papers, publications, patents relating to the development of methods for protecting slopes from water erosion using hydraulic structures) showed their uniformity in terms of design and the need for revision and improvement in order to increase the operation efficiency and preventing the ingress of nutrients into the water body. Some disadvantages were identified: low efficiency on difficult slopes with different steepness and relief exposure due to the “imperfection” of the trench design, the temporality of the trench backfill action due to destruction, low efficiency due to the low water-holding capacity and rapid water delivery, lack of preliminary treatment of surface waters before their discharge into a water body. The direction of improving the method of erosion control is the development of a filter tile for plastic balls. Conclusions. An improved method for protecting slopes from water erosion involves creating a trench filled with inorganic filler, with a water-retaining earthwork and a water-retaining screen. The filler has the form of a ball with eight through holes diameter of <5 mm, located in pairs and coaxially (the balls are filled with a filter tile of agroperlite by 2/3 of the volume).

scholarly journals WAS J. BENTHAM THE FIRST LEGAL UTILITARIAN?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-471
Author(s):  
Igor V. Kolosov ◽  
Konstantin E. Sigalov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Policy ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
The Us ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Statutory Regulation ◽  
Theoretical Component

Legal utilitarianism is attractive for practice because this field of legal thought and philosophy of law sets out a particular direction of legal policy and statutory regulation (focus on the utility principle in decision-making) that can, under certain reservations, be used to improve people's lives. Most scholars conclude that the first utilitarian was J. Bentham. However, scientific studies prevalently do not involve the analysis of earlier legal doctrines in relation to the use of utility principle. Thus, the relevance and scientific novelty of analysis of the origin of legal utilitarianism is associated with the need to develop a theoretical component of this doctrine that is of current interest for the legal policy and to enlarge the underdeveloped - in our opinion - theoretical framework of legal utilitarianism genesis. The purpose is to identify the first theory in the history of legal thought, which can be classified as legal utilitarianism, and, if such theory is the J. Bentham's utilitarianism, to determine the reasons why earlier theories based on the utility principle cannot be classified as legal utilitarianism. The theoretical basis of the article is materials such as original sources by various thinkers whose works are based on the utility principle and scientific papers of European and the US researchers. For the purpose of the article, the following methodological tools were used: metaphysical (dialectic method), general (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, analogy, comparison) and specific (historical and legal-historical) scientific methods. The main outcome of the research is identification of distinct features of pre-Bentham legal thought based on the utility principle and identification of pre-requisites and basis (provisions which had formed the basis) for J. Bentham's utilitarianism, as well as the answer to the question: Was J. Bentham the first legal utilitarian?.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF COAST PROTECTION CONSTRUCTIONS BUILT WITH THE USE OF RECYCLED CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND THEIR NEGATIVE IMPACT

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
M. I. Balzannikov ◽  
A. A. Mikhasek ◽  
Yu. M. Galitskova
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Bituminous Materials ◽  
Stone Materials

Different types of materials are used in hydraulic structures and coast protection constructions. These materials can be of natural (e.g. stone) and artificial origin (concrete, metal). The main trends typical for building construction now are as follows: cutting a share of natural materials and reusing waste products of dismantling construction objects. As a result of recycling it is possible to produce building materials that look like and have properties characteristic of natural stone materials, gravel, in particular. While gravel is being processed, it is possible to predict that it would obtain such characteristics as grade, frost resistance and strength. Reuse of recycled construction materials is a challenge, because this type of waste can hardly be reduced in volume and requires considerable space for burial. We propose to use gravel produced by processing in hydraulic engineering objects, i.e. in coast protection constructions. For that, we analyzed waste materials characteristics to justify their use in hydraulic structures. The research proved that strength of gravel produced by processing was sufficient enough. On the other hand, its frost resistance and fineness did not satisfy the requirements to materials used in coast protective structures. Besides, the construction of such structures causes water pollution as inert materials placed in waterbodies increase water turbidity. As a large part of the structure is located directly in the waterbody, during the period of the construction inert materials are supposed to be dumped. In this period the water body is filled with a significant amount of fine particles, which leads to an increase in turbidity at the construction site. Thus, we come to the conclusion that it is possible to reuse recycled construction materials in hydraulic engineering structures only on condition of their additional after-treatment processing. We offer to mix gravel produced by processing with cement mortal. As a result we obtain no-fines concrete, which is further processed by hot procedure (with bituminous materials). No-fines concrete can be produced in the form of precast units of 1,4×1,4×0,5 m. The use of prefabricated units will allow to avoid waterbody pollution and protect it from fine particles. Further processing by bituminous materials will enhance its frost resistance and reliability, which in turn will prevent contamination of the water body in the period of coast protection constructions usage.

scholarly journals Recognition Specifics of Public Sector Organizations’ Financial Insolvency

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Svetlana Solodova ◽  
◽  
Yaroslava Yazynina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Commercial Organizations

The current state of the Russian economy is characterized by the economic entities’ unstable financial position. Under the influence of various internal and external factors, an entity may not have the opportunities to repay its current payables, i.e. to be financially insolvent. In recent years, it has become increasingly obvious that insolvency can be found not only in commercial organizations, but also institutions operating in the public sector of the economy, and seemingly protected by fairly stable sources of financing. The purpose of the work is to study the manifestation specifics of the public sector organizations’ financial insolvency. The paper uses the methods of theoretical research (abstraction, analysis and synthesis, mental modeling), as well as the methods of empirical research (observation, comparison, measurement). Based on the study of scientific papers published by Russian economists, alternative approaches to the concept of “bankruptcy” that take place in Russian science are analyzed; the nature of this phenomenon is studied. The article describes the types of bankruptcy of the organization, as provided by the system of normative regulation of the state, and defined by the researchers of bankruptcy as an economic phenomenon. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the economic conditions of bankruptcy procedures of financial insolvency recognition for commercial organizations and public sector organizations. The relationship between the concepts of “financial insolvency” and “inefficiency” of a public (municipal) institution is revealed. The influence of the legal status of the institution (state, budget, autonomous) on the decision-making procedure for its liquidation is revealed. Possible reasons for initiation of a public (municipal) institution liquidation by state bodies are indicated. The main (key) stages of the public (municipal) institution liquidation procedure are determined. The current problems of legislation application on insolvency (bankruptcy) in relation to public (municipal) institutions are revealed. The measures for their elimination are suggested.

Clinical Evaluation of a Chairside Amalgam Separator to Meet Environmental Protection Agency Dental Wastewater Regulatory Compliance

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
DS Olivera ◽  
MT Morgan ◽  
SN Tewolde ◽  
EC Botts ◽  
FP Horvath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a commercially available chairside amalgam separator (CAS) in a clinical setting in which a relatively high number of amalgam restorations are placed. Performance parameters investigated included service life, amalgam collected, mercury concentrations in effluent, and solids retention efficiency. Methods and Materials: CASs were tested per International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 11143:2008 prior to installation in a military dental treatment facility and after removal from service (n=4) in order to confirm compliance with the recently enacted United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Dental Category. During the units' time in service, biweekly effluent grab samples were collected from the high-volume evacuation system of each chair (n=6) and analyzed for total mercury concentration by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The mean total accumulated solids at the end of service life (n=6) was determined for potential design optimization. The service life expectancy in a military dental treatment facility was determined in terms of calendar and workdays. Procedural data were collected to determine the daily mean number of amalgam surfaces placed during the service life of each chairside amalgam separator (n=9). Results: The CAS evaluated met minimum EPA compliance requirements when used in a military dental treatment facility. The solids removal efficiency at the end of service life was 99.82% ± 0.14% (n=4). The mean service life (n=8) was 131.6 ± 45.1 calendar days (67.1±37.6 workdays). Effluent mercury concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 11.93 mg/L. Total solids accumulated in each CAS (n=6) at the end of service life was 195.4 ± 63.4 g. The mean number of amalgam surfaces placed per workday during the service life span of each CAS was 8.4 ± 1.4.

scholarly journals Assessment of Efficiency and Adequacy of Retention Terraces

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Calazans Reis Miranda ◽  
Danilo Paulúcio da Silva ◽  
Eloy Lemos de Mello ◽  
Fernando Falco Pruski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Storage Efficiency ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Crest Height

Due to losses caused by water erosion, the development of techniques that increase the efficiency of soil conservation practices is fundamental. Terracing of agricultural lands is an important conservation practice. Bearing in mind that improperly built terraces may negatively affect the landscape, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficiency as well as the adequacy of retention terraces. Assessments were performed in four terraces implanted in different states, all located in the mideastern region of the state of Minas Gerais. The water storage efficiency of the terraces was determined by comparing the effective with the required storage capacity, as established in the project. Proposals were also made for the adequacy of the assessed terraces, based on the correction of the characteristics that jeopardized storage efficiency. The storage efficiency of three of the four assessed terraces was below the required levels (0.5-13 %). The main properties influencing storage capacity were: uniformity of ridge crest height, terrace end closure, and the cross section finishing. In two of the three low-efficiency terraces, the correction of these characteristics proved sufficient to raise the storage efficiency to nearly 100 %.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF MICROIRRIGATION: ACHIEVEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
M. I. Romashchenko ◽  
A. P. Shatkovskyi ◽  
V. V. Vasiuta ◽  
S. V. Usatyi ◽  
L. G. Usata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Micro Irrigation

Microirrigation is by far the most progressive irrigation method, with efficiencies reaching 92-98 %. According to the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, the world's agricultural land, which is irrigated through micro-irrigation systems, is constantly growing and now stands at over 20 million hectares. By the "Irrigation and drainage strategy in Ukraine until 2030" micro-irrigation methods are defined as one of the strategic directions of the state policy of the branch. Research on the direction of "micro-irrigation of crops" in Ukraine began from the late 60's of the last century. The historical aspect of the development of research in this area is thoroughly covered in previous scientific papers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is a comprehensive analysis of the basic fundamental and applied results of research of the scientific school on micro irrigation IWPaLR NAAS in the early XXI century and substantiation of perspective directions of their development. Using theoretical methods of scientific research (analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification and generalization), the authors systematized the most significant scientific results in terms of normative, methodological, technical and technological components. The list of normative and methodological documents prepared by IWPaLR NAAS in the direction of microirrigation is given. The results of developments in the technological component are detailed according to the research objects: water regime and processes of water consumption of crops, fertigation, pestigation, the influence of local moistening, fertilizers and water of different quality on the soil-plant-technical means of irrigation system, the formation of soil moisture zones, methods of appointment timing of vegetation irrigation and irrigation management systems. The key scientific results of the irrigation facilities’ testing laboratory are highlighted. The list of developed and implemented by the IWPaLR NAAS technical means of microirrigation systems is given. The strategic directions of further scientific research are substantiated, which should meet the global trend for environmentally friendly irrigation, as well as resource and energy conservation. The need of Ukraine in the systems of microirrigation of agricultural crops for the period up to 2030, the role of current and future developments of the scientific school of micro irrigation IWPaLR NAAS on their implementation are determined.

scholarly journals The Abuse of Underage Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Rakhmanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Sports Culture ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Papers

Introduction. Millions of children are ill-treated every day at home, at school, on the streets, and in sports. While sport is believed to promote health and help children to develop important social skills, its importance is often overestimated. In sports culture, violence is often taken for granted. This is an integral part of the cruel treatment of children in sports. Further, the closed nature of sports can only partially explain why both foreign and domestic experts still pay so little attention to the abuse of young athletes. Theoretical Basis. Methods. This research has been based on general scientific methods (such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and the system analysis method) and methods of legal science (including methods of comparative jurisprudence, methods of literal, systematic and historical interpretation of legal norms). The theoretical basis of the thesis was the scientific papers of Russian and foreign experts in the field of criminal law, criminology, sociology, psychology and sports law. Results. A study of data on child abuse in sports, including scientific papers, data and recommendations provided by international organisations, shows that a common understanding of the term has not yet been developed nor have the specifics of “child abuse in sports” been determined. Analysis of the currently available documents developed by international organisations, shows that most of the recommendations are superficial and vague. Certain types of illtreatment, such as sexual abuse by peer or exploitation of the labour of child athletes are not covered in detail. Discussion and Conclusion. Considering the results of the studies of laws and regulations conducted in several foreign countries by international organisations, the authors have concluded that regardless of whether cruel treatment of children is a sporting tradition, no cruelty towards them can be justified; violence and exploitation of children athletes need to be prevented.

scholarly journals The Legal Regime of a Hydraulic Structure as an Element of a Water Management System

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
S. A. Amashukeli
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Management System ◽  
Hydraulic Structure ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Water Management System

The paper discusses certain issues related to the legal regulation of relations arising in the creation and operation of hydraulic structures as an element of water management systems. The relevance of the topic raised is due to the significant impact on the water body of any hydraulic structure created for the use of water resources. The paper shows the legal nature of the relationship between a hydraulic structure and a water body and the ways of reflecting this relationship in the rules of law governing relations on the use and protection of waters; the legal regime for the protection of hydraulic structures from the negative consequences of improper operation is studied. Based on an analysis of the current Russian legislation, the author concludes that there is a differentiated approach to the legal regulation of the relations in question. The provisions of water legislation and legislation on environmental protection are applied to a hydraulic structure as part of a water management system that affects a water body. To a technically complex object, the improper operation of which potentially poses a threat to human life, different provisions are applied, namely the provisions of legislation and a number of regulatory and technical safety acts.

scholarly journals The impact of consumer cooperatives on the living standards of the population in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (43) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Andrey Brilon ◽  
Anastasia Kadyseva ◽  
Rinat Khabibullin ◽  
Rezida Usmanova ◽  
Alexander Zinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Living Standards ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The socio-economic development of Russia in recent years has significantly slowed down, which is caused by both external factors (a difficult geopolitical situation, sanctions wars, the economic confrontation between leading world economic powers) and internal factors (poverty, low efficiency of the economy, a weak innovation environment). In these conditions, it is necessary to find various ways to stimulate the economic and social development of the country and regions. This paper discusses the development of cooperation as a way to develop economic relations and improve living standards. The aim of the study is to reveal the relationship between consumer co-operation and the standard of living of the population, and to determine its impact on the economy. The main research methods were analysis and synthesis, generalization, and the case method. This study used data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, analytical reviews on the development of cooperation in Russia, and data from the Central Union of Russia. As a result of the study, the influence of cooperation on the growth of living standards of the population has been identified, some recommendations have been made on the development of cooperation in Russia.

scholarly journals Analysis of foreign tech transfer offices experience for the effective tech transfer system formation in the Ukrainian scientific institutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Melnyk-Melnykov ◽  
T.V. Piatchanina ◽  
A.N. Ohorodnyk ◽  
M.G. Mazur M.G.
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Effective Practices ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Technology Transfer Offices ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The introduction highlights some of the current problems of technology transfer offices (OTT) in Ukraine. The world has developed effective practices for the functioning of OTT, but they do not take into account the current problems of Ukraine’s economic situation. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to study the world practices of OTT and adapt their experience to the current realities of Ukraine. Using analysis and synthesis methods, the review of foreign and domestic scientific papers and normative legal acts devoted to the practice and experience of the most famous OTT was fulfilled. Results: Based on the analysis of the best world practice of OTT, practical recommendations for the functioning of Ukrainian OTTs with regard to modern realities have been obtained. It is found that only a small number of technologies in a large portfolio of intellectual property objects can bring significant income. Conclusions. Some recommendations based on the experience of western OTT are provided to the management of domestic scientific institutions.

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