Clinical Aspects of Photodynamic Therapy

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Barr ◽  
Catherine Kendall ◽  
Janelle Reyes-Goddard ◽  
Nicolas Stone
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Adjacent Normal Tissue ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Local Destruction ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Cellular Destruction

Photodynamic therapy is a method for local destruction of tissue or organisms by generating toxic oxygen and other reactive species using light absorbed by an administered or an endogenously generated photosensitiser. It is a highly promising treatment for patients with cancer. More recently it has found increasing use as a method of therapy for non-cancerous illnesses. It depends on the exploitation of natural and vital reactions widespread in nature that have driven and preserved life on this planet. Following administration of a photosensitiser or its precursor there is an accumulation or retention in areas of cancer and disease relative to adjacent normal tissue. The photosensitiser is inactive until irradiated by light, following which cellular destruction occurs. The clear attraction of this method is the possibility of some targeting of the disease by drug and by the area irradiated. This explanation although oversimplified has been the reason for the scientific and clinical interest in photodynamic therapy. An understanding of evolutionary photobiology is enormously helpful to understand disease response and clinical outcomes.

APPLICATION OF PIXE TO CANCER RESEARCH

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUIYING YAO ◽  
XIANZHOU ZENG ◽  
JIYAO CHEN ◽  
WEN CHEN ◽  
HUAIXIN CAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Photodynamic Effect ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Local Destruction

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach to the local destruction of malignant tumours. This method is based on the partially selective retension in tumor tissue of the photosensitizers which have photodynamic effect. It is important for PDT to determine the photosentizer concentration in tumor and in normal tissue. We quantitatively analysed the concentration of the metallic phthalocyanines, a class of photosensitizers now recognized as “second generation” PDT drugs and studied its action in different time by PIXE technique. The paper shows also the correlation between trace elements and cancer.

scholarly journals Patient With Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma Treated With Radiofrequency Hyperthermia in Combination With Chemotherapy: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyoung Ryu ◽  
Kangwook Lee ◽  
Changmug Joe ◽  
JongCheon Joo ◽  
Namhun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigen ◽  
Klatskin Tumor ◽  
Preoperative Radiation ◽  
Noninvasive Treatment ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Radiofrequency Hyperthermia ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Tomography Scan

Hyperthermia, which is a noninvasive treatment that causes tumor cells to become heated and that works in synergy with anticancer drugs and radiation therapy, is emerging as a promising treatment for patients with cancer. The purpose of this study is to report the efficacy of hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy (gemcitabine/cisplatin) for the treatment of a patient with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma. A 54-year-old man was diagnosed as hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor) and was administered neoadjuvant and preoperative radiation with chemotherapy. However, because the treatment with radiation and chemotherapy was not successful, he decided to undergo hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy as a second treatment option. He was suffering from fatigue, dyspepsia, epigastralgia, and jaundice. Hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy was administered 32 times over a period of 4 months. The patient experienced no critical complications, and the patient’s condition improved, with the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and the total bilirubin levels being relatively lowered. In addition, the computed tomography scan showed that the cholangiocarcinoma had not progressed. In conclusion, this case report suggests radiofrequency hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy may be a promising treatment option for patients with unresectable cholangiocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Expression of the proteolysis-inducing factor core peptide mRNA is upregulated in both tumour and adjacent normal tissue in gastro-oesophageal malignancy

2006 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A C Deans ◽  
S J Wigmore ◽  
H Gilmour ◽  
M J Tisdale ◽  
K C H Fearon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Adjacent Normal Tissue ◽  
Core Peptide

Experimental modeling and clinical technology of photodynamic therapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Daria Aleksandrovna Krapivnitskaya ◽  
Kseniya Vyacheslavovna Kuznetsova ◽  
Igor Valentinovich Barskov ◽  
Vladimir Germanovich Taktarov ◽  
Vladimir Yurievich Pereverzev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Regenerative Processes ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
The Central Nervous System

In recent years, the amount of large-scale experimental and clinical studies has increased considerably leading to the development of techniques and their widespread use both in their field and serving as a basis for the combination of even paradoxically incompatible areas of experimental and clinical medicine. The authors consider one of the main objectives of this work to identify a stable correlation between experimental pathomorphological study in ischemic tissue lesion and a therapeutic effect in dermatology in various pathological processes since the fundamental method in both cases is represented by a photochemical effect on the central nervous system and skin. These studies are not only of theoretical value but also of great practical importance both for neurological (search for medicines used to stimulate regenerative processes in ischemic pathology) and dermatological clinical aspects (ablation method of photodynamic therapy for various skin lesions).

scholarly journals A Comparative Quantitative LC-MS/MS Profiling Analysis of Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Adjacent-Normal Tissue, and Patient-Derived Tumour Xenografts

Proteomes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orla Coleman ◽  
Michael Henry ◽  
Fiona O'Neill ◽  
Sandra Roche ◽  
Niall Swan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Adjacent Normal Tissue ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Normal Pancreas ◽  
Human Tumour Cells ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Pdx Models

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide; it develops in a relatively symptom-free manner, leading to rapid disease progression and metastasis, leading to a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. A lack of dependable diagnostic markers and rapid development of resistance to conventional therapies are among the problems associated with management of the disease. A better understanding of pancreatic tumour biology and discovery of new potential therapeutic targets are important goals in pancreatic cancer research. This study describes the comparative quantitative LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis of the membrane-enriched proteome of 10 human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, 9 matched adjacent-normal pancreas and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) in mice (10 at F1 generation and 10 F2). Quantitative label-free LC-MS/MS data analysis identified 129 proteins upregulated, and 109 downregulated, in PDAC, compared to adjacent-normal tissue. In this study, analysing peptide MS/MS data from the xenografts, great care was taken to distinguish species-specific peptides definitively derived from human sequences, or from mice, which could not be distinguished. The human-only peptides from the PDXs are of particular value, since only human tumour cells survive, and stromal cells are replaced during engraftment in the mouse; this list is, therefore, enriched in tumour-associated proteins, some of which might be potential therapeutic or diagnostic targets. Using human-specific sequences, 32 proteins were found to be upregulated, and 113 downregulated in PDX F1 tumours, compared to primary PDAC. Differential expression of CD55 between PDAC and normal pancreas, and expression across PDX generations, was confirmed by Western blotting. These data indicate the value of using PDX models in PDAC research. This study is the first comparative proteomic analysis of PDAC which employs PDX models to identify patient tumour cell-associated proteins, in an effort to find robust targets for therapeutic treatment of PDAC.

scholarly journals Lung Microbiome Differentially Impacts Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Depending on Tumor Stroma Phenotype

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kovaleva ◽  
Polina Podlesnaya ◽  
Madina Rashidova ◽  
Daria Samoilova ◽  
Anatoly Petrenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Adjacent Normal Tissue ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
High Bacterial Load

The link between a lung tumor and the lung microbiome is a largely unexplored issue. To investigate the relationship between a lung microbiome and the phenotype of an inflammatory stromal infiltrate, we studied a cohort of 89 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The microbiome was analyzed in tumor and adjacent normal tissue by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Characterization of the tumor stroma was done using immunohistochemistry. We demonstrated that the bacterial load was higher in adjacent normal tissue than in a tumor (p = 0.0325) with similar patterns of taxonomic structure and alpha diversity. Lung adenocarcinomas did not differ in their alpha diversity from squamous cell carcinomas, although the content of Gram-positive bacteria increased significantly in the adenocarcinoma group (p = 0.0419). An analysis of an inflammatory infiltrate of tumor stroma showed a correlation of CD68, iNOS and FOXP3 with a histological type of tumor. For the first time we showed that high bacterial load in the tumor combined with increased iNOS expression is a favorable prognostic factor (HR = 0.1824; p = 0.0123), while high bacterial load combined with the increased number of FOXP3+ cells is a marker of poor prognosis (HR = 4.651; p = 0.0116). Thus, we established that bacterial load of the tumor has an opposite prognostic value depending on the status of local antitumor immunity.

scholarly journals Combination the Gene Expression of Adjacent Normal and Tumor Makes more Robust Gene Signature as Cancer Prognosis Biomarker

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ma ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Changjian Zhang ◽  
Ming Xiong ◽  
Yuanyuan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profile ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Adjacent Normal Tissue

Abstract Purpose: We tried to explore new gene signature via the combination of tumor-derived expression profile and the adjacent normal-derived expression profile to find more robust cancer biomarker. Methods: Log2 transformed ratio of tumor tissue and the adjacent normal tissue (Log2TN) expression, tumor-derived expression, and normal-derived expression were used to do univariate Cox regression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) respectively. Then, we used factor analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox (LASSO-Cox) to select gene signature in TCGA LUSC for Log2TN, tumor, and adjacent normal respectively.Results: By comparing Log2TN with tumor and adjacent normal in LUSC, we found that genes derived from Log2TN show more robust (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001) and have lower p-values (p < 0.001). Gene signature selected from Log2TN shows the best generalization in the three GEO datasets even though only tumor-derived expression profiles were available in the three datasets. Enrichment analysis showed that the tumor cells mainly focus on proliferation with losing functional of metabolism.Conclusions: These results indicate that (1) Log2TN could get more robust genes and gene signature than tumor-derived expression profiles used traditionally; (2) the adjacent-normal tissue may also play an important role in the progress and outcome of the tumor.Implications for Cancer Survivors: By combined of tumor-derived expression profile and the adjacent normal-derived expression profile, we could find more robust gene signature than traditionally method. Using these robust gene signatures, robust cancer biomarkers could be constructed and will do great help to improve cancer prognosis.

scholarly journals PD-L1 regulates tumorigenesis and autophagy of ovarian cancer by activating mTORC signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmin Gao ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Ren
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Tumour Cell ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Tumour ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Adjacent Normal Tissue ◽  
Novel Strategy

Abstract PD-L1 is a well-known immune co-stimulatory molecule that regulates tumour cell escape from immunity by suppressing the immune response. However, the clinical significance of PD-L1 in the progression of ovarian cancer is unclear. Our study demonstrated that PD-L1 is up-regulated in ovarian tumour tissue compared with its expression level in adjacent normal tissue. Furthermore, we confirmed that PD-L1 increases the proliferation of cancer cells by activating the AKT-mTORC signalling pathway, which is also enhanced by the expression of S6K, the substrate of mTORC. In addition, PD-L1 promotes the autophagy of ovarian cancer cells by up-regulating the expression of BECN1, a crucial molecule involved in the regulation of autophagy. In conclusion, PD-L1 may provide a target for the development of a novel strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Treatment of head and neck cancer with photodynamic therapy: results after one year

1995 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 1072-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Dtlkes ◽  
M. L. DeJode ◽  
Q. Gardiner ◽  
G. S. Kenyon ◽  
P. McKelvie
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Clinical Responses ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Multicentre Prospective Study

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new and promising treatment modality for the treatment of malignant disease. This paper reports the preliminary experience of our group in the use of this therapy for the treatment of tumours arising in the head and neck. The majority of treatments in these cases have used a second generation systemic photosensitizer, meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (m-THPC). Two other cases were treated with either Photofrin 2 (a first generation systemic sensitizer) or with the topical photosensitizer, delta-aminolaevulinic acid (δ-ALA).The initial results have been encouraging with good clinical responses evident in patients presenting with a variety of differing tumour types. We feel there is now sufficient evidence of the efficacy of this treatment to warrant a multicentre prospective study into the treatment of early head and neck cancer with PDT.

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