scholarly journals Soundtrack in Modern Cinema

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Tetiana Yunyk ◽  
Mykola Tsarev
Keyword(s):  
Film Music ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Relative Independence ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the research is to analyze popular examples of modern cinema music to determine the features of its interaction with various elements of screen text, taking into account the applied nature and applying various relevant approaches to the study of soundtracks. The research methodology consists in the application of a set of methods for theoretical analysis of film music, their interaction with internal and external factors of influence on the formation of the viewer’s image-emotional sphere in conditions of purposeful perception of the storyline of modern cinema. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time the peculiarities of the music functioning in modern cinema were analyzed, the main trends in the development of film music in the socio-cultural conditions of our time were revealed, and film music from the perspective of the viewer as a “non-ideal” evaluator of soundtracks in modern cinema was also considered. Conclusions. The article, using various methodological approaches, has proved that film music in the framework of interaction with screen text manifests itself as a significant tool, expanding the artistic space of the film. Film music can go beyond direct acoustic information, reflecting the narrative and conceptual components of the work of art as a whole. A practical example of the manifestation of modern film music is the use of timbral colours as an instrument for revealing the context of events, time, and the image of a hero; leitmotif; experiments with the technical side of sound through the expansion of the imaginary space of the screen. The main trends in the development of film music in the socio-cultural conditions of our time are due to the release of soundtracks beyond the boundaries of a practical film instrument. The modern soundtrack occupies a significant part of the cultural space of music and culture in general. This position is facilitated by the composer’s conceptual approach, the style integrity of the work and the relative independence of the soundtrack in the general cultural space. The rating of soundtracks is given by the audience and depends on their aesthetic preferences and the level of musical “experience”. Soundtracks must meet the requirements of modern cinema and common cultural space, which contributes to the success of the film.

History Turmoil And Politico-Cultural Conditions of the Sub-Continental Men In Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Gunasekaran N ◽  
Bhuvaneshwari S
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Salman Rushdie ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Midnight's Children ◽  
First Time

Salman Rushdie remains a major Indian writer in English. His birth coincides with the birth of a new modern nation on August 15, 1947. He has been justly labelled by the critics as a post-colonial writer who knows his trade well. His second novel Midnight’s Children was published in 1981 and it raised a storm in the hitherto middle class world of fiction writing both in English and in vernaculars. Rushdie for the first time burst into the world of fiction with subversive themes like impurity, illegitimacy, plurality and hybridity. He understands that a civilization called India may be profitably understood as a dream, a collage of many colours, a blending of cultures and nationalities, a pluralistic society and in no way unitary.

Recycling and Reuse in the Roman Economy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Site Types

The recycling and reuse of materials and objects were extensive in the past, but have rarely been embedded into models of the economy; even more rarely has any attempt been made to assess the scale of these practices. Recent developments, including the use of large datasets, computational modelling, and high-resolution analytical chemistry, are increasingly offering the means to reconstruct recycling and reuse, and even to approach the thorny matter of quantification. Growing scholarly interest in the topic has also led to an increasing recognition of these practices from those employing more traditional methodological approaches, which are sometimes coupled with innovative archaeological theory. Thanks to these efforts, it has been possible for the first time in this volume to draw together archaeological case studies on the recycling and reuse of a wide range of materials, from papyri and textiles, to amphorae, metals and glass, building materials and statuary. Recycling and reuse occur at a range of site types, and often in contexts which cross-cut material categories, or move from one object category to another. The volume focuses principally on the Roman Imperial and late antique world, over a broad geographical span ranging from Britain to North Africa and the East Mediterranean. Last, but not least, the volume is unique in focusing upon these activities as a part of the status quo, and not just as a response to crisis.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and character evolution in the Dacrymycetes, and systematics of Unilacrymaceae and Dacryonaemataceae fam. nov.

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-205
Author(s):  
J.C. Zamora ◽  
S. Ekman
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
New Family ◽  
Multispecies Coalescent ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Multilocus Phylogeny

We present a multilocus phylogeny of the class Dacrymycetes, based on data from the 18S, ITS, 28S, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α, 12S, and ATP6 DNA regions, with c. 90 species including the types of most currently accepted genera. A variety of methodological approaches was used to infer phylogenetic relationships among the Dacrymycetes, from a supermatrix strategy using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference on a concatenated dataset, to coalescence-based calculations, such as quartet-based summary methods of independent single-locus trees, and Bayesian integration of single-locus trees into a species tree under the multispecies coalescent. We evaluate for the first time the taxonomic usefulness of some cytological phenotypic characters, i.e., vacuolar contents (vacuolar bodies and lipid bodies), number of nuclei of recently discharged basidiospores, and pigments, with especial emphasis on carotenoids. These characters, along with several others traditionally used for the taxonomy of this group (basidium shape, presence and morphology of clamp connections, morphology of the terminal cells of cortical/marginal hyphae, presence and degree of ramification of the hyphidia), are mapped on the resulting phylogenies and their evolution through the class Dacrymycetes discussed. Our analyses reveal five lineages that putatively represent five different families, four of which are accepted and named. Three out of these four lineages correspond to previously circumscribed and published families (Cerinomycetaceae, Dacrymycetaceae, and Unilacrymaceae), and one is proposed as the new family Dacryonaemataceae. Provisionally, only a single order, Dacrymycetales, is accepted with in the class. Furthermore, the systematics of the two smallest families, Dacryonaemataceae and Unilacrymaceae, are investigated to the species level, using coalescence-based species delimitation on multilocus DNA data, and a detailed morphological study including morphometric analyses of the basidiospores. Three species are accepted in Dacryonaema, the type, Da. rufum, the newly combined Da. macnabbii (basionym Dacrymyces macnabbii), and a new species named Da. macrosporum. Two species are accepted in Unilacryma, the new U. bispora, and the type, U. unispora, the latter treated in a broad sense pending improved sampling across the Holarctic.

scholarly journals Festivals of spiritual songs in socio-cultural space of Ukraine of the end of the XX - the beginning of the XXI centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Antonenko ◽  
Margaryta Antonenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Choral Singing ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Cultural Method ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cultural Components

The purpose of the article is to study the activities of festivals of spiritual songs in the context of the development of the musical culture of Ukraine in the late twentieth – early twentieth century. The methodology is based on historical and culturological approaches. A systematic method is also used to characterize festivals of the Orthodox music tradition in their connection with other components of culture; socio-cultural method – in the study of socio-cultural components of the artistic phenomenon of the festival. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the activity of festivals of Orthodox sacred music as a new phenomenon in the musical culture of Ukraine is comprehensively analyzed. Conclusions. The emergence and active functioning of festivals of spiritual songs is one of the leading trends in the development of Orthodox musical culture in Ukraine. The ideological direction of the festivals is primarily of religious content, and, in addition to overcoming the negative trends in the field of culture, their leading function is the revival of orthodox traditions. Festivals of sacred music in Ukraine currently perform two main functions: educational and cultural. They contribute to the revival of the traditions of orthodox musical culture; demonstrate the traditions of orthodoxy in modern socio-cultural conditions; revive centuries-old traditions of spiritual choral singing of Ukraine; revive centuries-old traditions of spiritual choral singing of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Ecological and hydrogeological factors of qualitative composition destabilization of drinking groundwater within the central part of DDAB

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Geological Environment ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
First Time

Formulation of the problem. The paper is devoted to a topical environmental theme – a study of the destabilization of drinking groundwater quality in the conditions of modern intensive technogenesis of geological environment. The purpose of the article is 2 components of a study of the groundwater quality deterioration of buchak-kaniv aquifer: - an identification of the ecological and hydrogeological factors of influence on the water qualitative composition; - an ensuring of the environmentally safe use of groundwater. Materials and methods. The research is based on an analysis of the results of over 700 groundwater chemical analyses of the target aquifer within the region. The chemical researches have been carried out during the period of active man-made pressure on the geological environment of studied territory (1960-2015). The available current data of geological, ecological and neotectonic conditions of studied area have been also used. The following methods of obtaining, processing and interpretation of necessary ecological-hydrogeological data have been used in the paper: field, chemical-analytical, comparative and graphical methods. A number of the common research methods have been used for the information processing – an analysis, a synthesis, a systematization, a classification, a modeling. The mathematical and statistical methods have been also used in the processing of received large data set. The interpolation and analogy methods have been used to simulate changes in the groundwater hydrochemical features using MapInfo Professional 10.0. Results and scientific novelty. For the first time on the basis of analysis of geological, ecological-hydrogeological and neotectonic conditions of region, the factors of influence on the qualitative composition of groundwater at the buchak-kaniv water intakes were revealed. On the basis of these factors – the priority indicators of buchak-kaniv aquifer water quality for its systematic hydrogeochemical monitoring under the infiltration of pollutants from the surface and their inflow from below in the zones of influence of tectonic structures have been proposed. For the first time a direct positive correlation between a change of the content of characteristic indicator elements of influence on the ecological-hydrogeological state of groundwater (mineralization, Cl-, F-, Fetotal, Br-, B3 +, J-) and the value of total water withdrawal in the zone of direct influence of tectonic faults of East-Poltava tectonic structure has been found. An approach for the ecologically safe use of target aquifer waters within the buchak-kaniv water intakes of Eastern Ukraine, which is based on the established correlation between the factors of influence and the qualitative composition of waters, has been developed. Practical significance. Due to an approbation of the proposed water quality control system at the Poltava water intakes network, which is strategically important within the region of research, an optimization of the total water withdrawal at the water intakes has been justified (the recommended limit is 50-60 thousand m3/day). The perspective areas for location of new water intakes within a 40 km radius around Poltava city have been identified (a total area – 750 km2). The estimated resources of drinking groundwater (54.5 thousand m3/day) have been calculated. Due to the using of these resources it is possible to gradually replace the current water supply of urban agglomeration with high-quality groundwater.

Rural communes and Soviet farms on the eve and during the peasant rebellion of 1920–1921

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Vladimir B. Bezgin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Collective Farms

We examine the state of communes and farms, the attitude of the rural population to their organization and activities, as well as the state of collective farms on the eve and during the Tambov rebellion of 1920–1921. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for a scien-tific understanding of the problem of insurrection in the Civil War and its manifestation in the form of a peasant rebellion led by A.S. Antonov. The purpose of the study is to establish the fate of collective farms during the armed protest of the Tambov peasants. The work was carried out on the basis of a wide range of archival sources, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The analysis of the problem is carried out taking into account the achievements of modern historiography of the issue and the use of scientific tools of advanced methodological approaches. We apply the entire arsenal of methods of historical research based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. It is established that the armed raids of rebel detachments on agricultural communes, Soviet farms were due to the need of the partisans for food, horses, forage, and the active participation of the local population in them stemmed from their view of the land and property of collective farms as rightfully belonging to them.

Yakut Choral Society: Problems of revival in modern social-cultural conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Татьяна Владимировна ПАВЛОВА-БОРИСОВА
Keyword(s):  
Choral Music ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Russian Higher Education ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Significant Phenomenon ◽  
Regional Branch ◽  
Choral Society ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

В данной статье рассматривается история развития хорового исполнительства в Якутии, становление Якутского хорового общества – республиканского отделения Всероссийского хорового общества (ВХО, обосновывается актуальность этого значимого для Якутии явления музыкальной культуры. Очерчены основные вехи в развитии данного общества. Автор статьи представляет изучаемый объект как значимое явление в культурной жизни республики, прослеживая его развитие на протяжении более полувека, начиная с 1958 г. Благодаря деятельности Якутского отделения Всероссийского хорового общества хоровым движением было охвачено практически всё население Якутии. Благодаря сотрудничеству с якутскими композиторами, хоровая музыка стала популярной на уровне трудовых коллективов республики тех лет. Показана роль руководителей регионального отделения разного периода времени – Г.Ф. Таныгина, Ф.А. Баишевой, Л.Е. Архиповой и др. Смена политического строя в стране не лучшим образом отразилась на развитии хорового дела в стране и в республике, в частности, Всероссийское хоровое общество и его региональные отделения перестали существовать, несмотря на его реорганизацию в 1987 г. в Музыкальное общество. В статье впервые описано время, начиная с 2013 г., когда происходило восстановление Якутского отделения Всероссийского хорового общества. Необходимость его возрождения стала очевидной в виду возросшего спроса на организацию хорового дела как массового явления культуры якутского общества. В статье представлены важнейшие мероприятия, проведенные Якутским отделением ВХО, охарактеризованы крупные достижения за последние годы, проанализированы основные проблемы, стоящие перед организацией в переходный восстановительный период, а именно – улучшение финансирования, подготовка кадров. The article is devoted to the study of choral performance in Yakutia, the formation of the Yakut Choral Society, the regional branch of the All-Russian Choral Society. The relevance of this significant for Yakutia phenomenon of musical culture is substantiated. The main milestones in the development of the society are outlined. The author of the article presents the object under study as a significant phenomenon in the cultural life of the republic for more than half a century, starting in 1958. Thanks to the activities of the Yakut branch of the All-Russian Higher Education, the choral movement covered almost the entire population of Yakutia. Thanks to cooperation with Yakut composers, choral music became popular even among teams of co-workers. The role of the leaders of the regional branch – G.F. Tanygin, F.A. Baisheva, L.E. Arkhipova, and others – is shown. The changes in the political system in the country had a detrimental effect on the development of choral art in the country and in the republic, in particular. The RCS and its regional branches ceased to exist despite the attempts to reorganize it in 1987 into the Musical Society. For the first time, the article shows the difficult time when the restoration of the RCS in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) took place, starting in 2013. The need for revival became obvious in view of the increased demand for the organization of choral work as a mass phenomenon of the culture of society. The most important events carried out by the Yakutsk branch of the RCS are presented and the major achievements in recent years are characterized. At the same time, the main problems facing the organization in the transitional recovery period are analyzed: improving funding and training.

The Spectre of Americanization: Western Europe in the American Century

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Gassert
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Film Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

By 1945, the spectre of Americanisation had been haunting Europe for half a century. With the United States still struggling to establish colonial rule over the Philippine Islands, European observers began framing the ‘American challenge’ as a cultural and most of all economic threat to national independence. Controversies about the impact of ‘America’ often served as a stand-in for a more fundamental reckoning with processes of modernisation. The initial period of sustained Americanisation was the 1920s, when American film, music, and automobiles were conquering Europe for the first time. A second heyday of Americanisation ‘from below’ started with the ‘American occupation of Britain’ and that of continental Europe during and after World War II. This article focuses on Western Europe and Americanisation, highlighting Americanisation from above and Americanisation from below. It looks at two concepts that often come up within debates about Americanisation: Westernisation and anti-Americanism.

Nielsen’s Saul and David and Italian Opera

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Muntoni
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Musical Drama ◽  
Italian Opera ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
First Time

In this essay, I focus on the music-cultural context in which Carl Nielsen’s Saul and David (1899–1901) was composed, as Nielsen approached the operatic genre for the first time. This will cast new light on his independence and originality, but also offer the possibility for some seemingly unlikely comparisons, revealing that the work is more tightly integrated with Nielsen’s broader European musical experience than has previously seemed – especially as an alternative to naturalism. I therefore consider the Italian context before, during and after the rise of verismo, focusing particularly on the anti-naturalism debate, to which Saul og David also belongs. Nielsen’s work follows a path that parallels the shift from the so-called noir dramas of the 1880s to the work of Ildebrando Pizzetti, via the almost completely unknown operas of Antonio Smareglia. Unusual as it may be, I believe that this comparison will support the idea of a composer who, while working in the genre of musical drama, was in constant dialogue with his European contemporaries.

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