scholarly journals The Specific Heat of Saline Ice

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (72) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Dixit ◽  
E. R. Pounder
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Calorimetric Experiment

A calorimetric experiment was performed to determine empirically the dependence of the specific heat of ice with salinity 0-10‰ over the temperature range from –23° C to the melting point The experimental results agree with the theoretical model determined by Schwerdtfeger (1963) for calculating the specific heat except within several degrees of the melting point and for very pure ice.

scholarly journals The Specific Heat of Saline Ice

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (72) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Dixit ◽  
E. R. Pounder
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Calorimetric Experiment

A calorimetric experiment was performed to determine empirically the dependence of the specific heat of ice with salinity 0-10‰ over the temperature range from –23° C to the melting point The experimental results agree with the theoretical model determined by Schwerdtfeger (1963) for calculating the specific heat except within several degrees of the melting point and for very pure ice.

An anomaly in the specific heat below 3 °K of copper containing hydrogen

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (14) ◽  
pp. 1485-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Solid Hydrogen ◽  
Rotational State ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ortho Hydrogen ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
A Value ◽  
Heat Curve

The specific heat of copper heated in hydrogen at 1040 °C has been measured over the temperature range 0.4 to 3.0 °K and found to be anomalous. The anomaly occurs in the same temperature range as the solid hydrogen λ anomaly which, in conjunction with evidence of ortho to para conversion of hydrogen in the sample, suggests the presence of molecular hydrogen in the copper. The anomaly reported by Martin for "as-received" American Smelting and Refining Company (ASARCO) 99.999+ % pure copper has been briefly compared with the present results. The form of the anomaly produced by the copper-hydrogen specimen has been compared with Schottky curves using the simplest possible model, that for two level splitting of the degenerate J = 1 rotational state of the ortho-hydrogen molecule.Maintenance of the copper-hydrogen sample at ~20 °K for approximately 1 week removed the "hump" in the specific heat curve. An equation of the form Cp = γT + (464.34/(θ0c)3)T3 was found to fit these experimental results and produced a value for γ which had increased over that for vacuumannealed pure copper by ~2%.

Interactions of Copper with Interlayer Dielectrics and Adhesion Promoters / Diffusion Barriers.

1990 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Arcot ◽  
Y.T. Shy ◽  
S.P. Murarka ◽  
C. Shepard ◽  
W.A. Lanford
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Metal Film ◽  
Diffusion Barriers ◽  
Adhesion Promoter ◽  
Adhesion Promoters ◽  
Inorganic Oxides ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Dielectric Layers

ABSTRACTCopper with its high conductivity, specific heat and melting point (compared to Al), is being investigated as the interconnection metal for applications both on and off the chip. Such interconnection wirings will be seperated by the dielectric layers which could be either polymers or inorganic oxides like SiO2. In such applications an adhesion promoter, which may also work as a diffusion barrier, maybe used between the dielectric and the metal film. An investigation of the diffusion and interaction of Copper with such dielectrics and insulators has been carried out in the temperature range of 200 – 500 ºC. Specifically, interactions of Copper with SiO2'P—glass, Polyimidesiloxane and Magnesium are investigated. Results of these studies will be presented and discussed.

Modeling of Temperature-Dependent Hardness for Pure FCC and HCP Metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050022
Author(s):  
Niandong Xu ◽  
Weiguo Li ◽  
Jianzuo Ma ◽  
Yong Deng ◽  
Haibo Kou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pure Metals ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Hardness Values

In this study, a theoretical model is developed to characterize the quantitative effect of temperature on the hardness of pure FCC and HCP metals. The model is verified by comparison with the available experimental results of Cu, Al, Zn, Mg, Be, Zr, Ni, Ir, Rh, and Ti at different temperatures. Compared with the widely quoted Westbrook model and Ito–Shishokin model which need piecewise fitting to describe experimental values, the present model merely needs two hardness values at different temperatures to predict the experimental results, reducing reliance on conducting lots of experiments. This work provides a convenient method to predict temperature-dependent hardness of pure metals, and it is worth noting that it can be applied to a wide temperature range from absolute zero to melting point.

INVESTIGATION OF THE ENTROPY AND SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY OF GaN USING INCOMPLETE GAMMA FUNCTIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (30) ◽  
pp. 5349-5355 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAVAŞ SÖNMEZOǦLU
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Analytical Relation ◽  
Gamma Functions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Incomplete Gamma Functions ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Good Agreement

The aim of this paper is to provide validity and reliable analytical relation for the thermodynamic functions calculated in terms of the Debye temperature using incomplete gamma functions, and examines the entropy and specific heat capacity of hexagonal single crystals of GaN in the 0–1800 K temperature range. The obtained results have been compared with the corresponding experimental and theoretical results. Our results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical results over the entire temperature range. It has also shown that at low temperature, our results are in very good agreement with the experimental results, however, at high temperature, our results are lower than other experimental results.

The Fusion Curve of Natural Rubber

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-212
Author(s):  
G. v. Susich
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Temperature Range

Abstract Katz has shown that the melting point of frozen raw rubber is 35°–38° C. when determined by the disappearance of the crystal interferences upon warming. The discontinuous changes in the specific gravity, in the hardness, and in the light absorption, as well as the γ-anomaly of the specific heat, lie within this temperature range.

Actuation and dynamic mechanical characteristics of a core free flat dielectric electro-active polymer soft actuator

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 7396-7404
Author(s):  
Abdul Malek Abdul Wahab ◽  
Emiliano Rustighi ◽  
Zainudin A.
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Initial Tension ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Soft Actuator ◽  
Average Percentage Error ◽  
Mechanical Dynamics

Various complex shapes of dielectric electro-active polymer (DEAP) actuator have been promoted for several types of applications. In this study, the actuation and mechanical dynamics characteristics of a new core free flat DEAP soft actuator were investigated. This actuator was developed by Danfoss PolyPower. DC voltage of up to 2000 V was supplied for identifying the actuation characteristics of the actuator and compare with the existing formula. The operational frequency of the actuator was determined by dynamic testing. Then, the soft actuator has been modelled as a uniform bar rigidly fixed at one end and attached to mass at another end. Results from the theoretical model were compared with the experimental results. It was found that the deformation of the current actuator was quadratic proportional to the voltage supplied. It was found that experimental results and theory were not in good agreement for low and high voltage with average percentage error are 104% and 20.7%, respectively. The resonance frequency of the actuator was near 14 Hz. Mass of load added, inhomogeneity and initial tension significantly affected the resonance frequency of the soft actuator. The experimental results were consistent with the theoretical model at zero load. However, due to inhomogeneity, the frequency response function’s plot underlines a poor prediction where the theoretical calculation was far from experimental results as values of load increasing with the average percentage error 15.7%. Hence, it shows the proposed analytical procedure not suitable to provide accurate natural frequency for the DEAP soft actuator.

Experimental Study on the Specific Heat Capacity Measurement of Water-Based Al2O3-Cu Hybrid Nanofluid by using Differential Thermal Analysis Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andaç Batur Çolak ◽  
Oğuzhan Yıldız ◽  
Mustafa Bayrak ◽  
Ali Celen ◽  
Ahmet Selim Dalkılıç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Specific Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Heat Capacity Measurement ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Hybrid Nanofluid ◽  
Capacity Measurement

Background: Researchers working in the field of nanofluid have done many studies on the thermophysical properties of nanofluids. Among these studies, the number of studies on specific heat are rather limited. In the study of the heat transfer performance of nanofluids, it is necessary to increase the number of specific heat studies, whose subject is one of the important thermophysical properties. Objective: The authors aimed to measure the specific heat values of Al2O3/water, Cu/water nanofluids and Al2O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluids using the DTA method, and compare the results with those frequently used in the literature. In addition, this study focuses on the effect of temperature and volume concentration on specific heat. Method: The two-step method was used in the preparation of nanofluids. The pure water selected as the base fluid was mixed with the Al2O3 and Cu nanoparticles and Arabic Gum as the surfactant, firstly mixed in the magnetic stirrer for half an hour. It was then homogenized for 6 hours in the ultrasonic homogenizer. Results: After the experiments, the specific heat of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluid were compared and the temperature and volume concentration of specific heat were investigated. Then, the experimental results obtained for all three fluids were compared with the two frequently used correlations in the literature. Conclusion: Specific heat capacity increased with increasing temperature, and decreased with increasing volume concentration for three tested nanofluids. Cu/water has the lowest specific heat capacity among all tested fluids. Experimental specific heat capacity measurement results are compared by using the models developed by Pak and Cho and Xuan and Roetzel. According to experimental results, these correlations can predict experimental results within the range of ±1%.

scholarly journals A Digital Improvement—Trimming a Digital Temperature Sensor with EEPROM Reprogrammable Fuses

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Anca Mihaela Vasile (Dragan) ◽  
Alina Negut ◽  
Adrian Tache ◽  
Gheorghe Brezeanu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Temperature Error ◽  
Thermal Sensor ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Read Only Memory ◽  
Digital Temperature Sensor

An EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) reprogrammable fuse for trimming a digital temperature sensor is designed in a 0.18-µm CMOS EEPROM. The fuse uses EEPROM memory cells, which allow multiple programming cycles by modifying the stored data on the digital trim codes applied to the thermal sensor. By reprogramming the fuse, the temperature sensor can be adjusted with an increased trim variation in order to achieve higher accuracy. Experimental results for the trimmed digital sensor showed a +1.5/−1.0 ℃ inaccuracy in the temperature range of −20 to 125 ℃ for 25 trimmed DTS samples at 1.8 V by one-point calibration. Furthermore, an average mean of 0.40 ℃ and a standard deviation of 0.70 ℃ temperature error were obtained in the same temperature range for power supply voltages from 1.7 to 1.9 V. Thus, the digital sensor exhibits similar performances for the entire power supply range of 1.7 to 3.6 V.

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