scholarly journals Influence of Soil Genesis Factors on Gurghiu Mountain Forest Soils’ Physical and Chemical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Avram CICŞA ◽  
◽  
Gheorghe Marian TUDORAN ◽  
Maria BOROEANU ◽  
Alexandru C. DOBRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Saturation Degree ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Cationic Exchange ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This research aimed to determine the values of chemical properties and the relationships between the main pedoecological factors that characterize the soils in the Gurghiu Mountains. The mapping surveys were carried out on an area of 4,647.36 ha located in the mixed mountain forest sites (FM2) (1,000–1,400 m altitude). The area was stratified into homogeneous site units in terms of climate, hydricity, and trophicity. At the level of the elementary site units, 35 main soil profiles and 46 control profiles were placed. The number of profiles was determined statistically to ensure an error of no more than 10%. Soil samples collected from the main profiles were analyzed in the laboratory. Soil’s properties values decreased on the soil’s profile (humus content from 15 to 2%, nitrogen from 1.1 to 0.5%, sum of exchangeable hydrogen from 20 to 9 me/100 g soil, and total cationic exchange capacity from 38 to 20 me/100 g soil), except the pH and the base saturation degree (the pH increased on profile from 4.5 to 6, and the base saturation degree from 40 to 70%). The soil properties, except for moisture, were significantly affected by altitude, and decreased when the altitude increased. Soil trophicity can be characterized by a soil index, the values of which were between 17 and 42 for the analyzed soils. These values indicated soil-specific trophicity levels from oligotrophic to eutrophic.

scholarly journals Analysis of Chemical Properties of Forest Soils in Dobrogea Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
Vlad Emil Crisan ◽  
Lucian Constantin Dinca
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Saturation Degree ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Cationic Exchange

This paper aims to describe and interpret the chemical properties of forest soils in the Dobrogea Plateau. Data on soil analyzes are obtained in the laboratories of National Institute of Research and Development in Silviculture `Marin Dracea` after a recognized and accredited national and international methodology. There were analyzed soil reaction, base saturation degree, total cationic exchange capacity, humus content, total nitrogen and compared with results of soil analysis from other geographical regions of Romania. In the case of forest soils in Dobrogea Plateau, a higher pH was found than in other hilly or highland areas in the country to eutric cambisol, luvisol and preluvisol. Thus soil pH ranges from moderately acidic in the case of luvisols to low alkaline in the case of chernozems. Regarding the base saturation degree (V), there are higher values in this part of the country for preluvisol, luvisol and eutric cambisol and slightly lower values for phaeozem than in other regions of Romania. The amount of humus of eutric cambisols from Dobrogea Plateau is smaller than other hilly areas of the country and slightly higher than similar altitude areas.

scholarly journals Analysis of Chemical Properties of Forest Soils from Bacau County

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Vlad Emil Crisan ◽  
Lucian Constantin Dinca ◽  
Sorin Stefan Deca
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Saturation Degree ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Cationic Exchange

State forests are analyzed periodically, once every 10 years. This includes an analysis of forest soils. The present paperdescribes and interprets the chemical properties of forest soils from Bacau County focusing on the period 1983-2015. As such, 823 soil profiles and 2435 pedogenetic horizons were analysed taking into consideration the soil type, pH, humus content, nitrogen content, base saturation degree and the total cation exchange capacity. The most widespread types of soils are: eutriccambisol, luvisol, preluvisoland dystriccambisol. The dystriccambisols from Bacau County are strongly acid soils, while eutriccambisols and preluvisols are moderately acid. All forest soils from this area have a high cationic exchange capacity and are very well (dystriccambisol, eutriccambisol,luvisol) or well supplied (preluvisol, rendzina) with nitrogen. Knowing the chemical properties of soils is important for the analysis of stand variability and for adopting silvicultural methods adequate for the management of long-lasting forests.

scholarly journals Effect of Mosses on physical and chemical properties of soil in temperate forests of Garhwal Himalayas

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anshu Siwach ◽  
Siddhartha Kaushal ◽  
Ratul Baishya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Garhwal Himalayas ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Mosses are one of the most important and dominant plant communities, especially in the temperate biome, and play a significant role in ecosystem function and dynamics. They influence the water, energy and element cycle due to their unique ecology and physiology. The present study was undertaken in three different temperate forest sites in the Garhwal Himalayas, viz., Triyuginarayan (Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS)), Chakrata, and Kanasar forest range. The study was focused on understanding the influence of mosses on soil physical properties and nutrient availability. Different physico-chemical properties were analysed under two different substrata, that is, with and without moss cover in two different seasons, viz., monsoon and winter. We observed mosses to influence and alter the physical properties and nutrient status of soil in both seasons. All soil physical and chemical properties, except magnesium, showed significant difference within the substrates, among all the sites and across the two seasons. Besides the soil characteristics underneath the moss vegetation, the study also highlights the diversity of mosses found in the area. Mosses appear to create high nutrient microsites via a high rate of organic matter accumulation and retain nutrients for longer periods thus, maintaining ecosystem stability.

scholarly journals Identifying Potential Leakage Zones in an Irrigation Supply Channel by Mapping Soil Properties Using Electromagnetic Induction, Inversion Modelling and a Support Vector Machine

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ehsan Zare ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Tibet Khongnawang ◽  
Mohammad Farzamian ◽  
John Triantafilis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Supply Channel ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The clay alluvial plains of Namoi Valley have been intensively developed for irrigation. A condition of a license is water needs to be stored on the farm. However, the clay plain was developed from prior stream channels characterised by sandy clay loam textures that are permeable. Cheap methods of soil physical and chemical characterisations are required to map the supply channels used to move water on farms. Herein, we collect apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) from a DUALEM-421 along a 4-km section of a supply channel. We invert ECa to generate electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCI) using EM4Soil software and evaluate two-dimensional models of estimates of true electrical conductivity (σ—mS m−1) against physical (i.e., clay and sand—%) and chemical properties (i.e., electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste extract (ECe—dS m−1) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC, cmol(+) kg−1). Using a support vector machine (SVM), we predict these properties from the σ and depth. Leave-one-site-out cross-validation shows strong 1:1 agreement (Lin’s) between the σ and clay (0.85), sand (0.81), ECe (0.86) and CEC (0.83). Our interpretation of predicted properties suggests the approach can identify leakage areas (i.e., prior stream channels). We suggest that, with this calibration, the approach can be used to predict soil physical and chemical properties beneath supply channels across the rest of the valley. Future research should also explore whether similar calibrations can be developed to enable characterisations in other cotton-growing areas of Australia.

Sugarcane Biochar for Agricultural Use Produced in Different Conditions of Pyrolysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Juliany Barbosa de Pinho ◽  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira ◽  
Letycia Cunha Nunes ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes Daros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxidizing Atmosphere ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

From the pyrolysis process, biochar is a carbon rich and recalcitrant organic material with potential for long term carbon sequestration because of its aromatic structure. However, the physical and chemical properties of the biochar vary due to the diversity of raw material and the conditions of production. The present study aimed to evaluate the biochar from the sugarcane bagasse at different temperatures and under two conditions of pyrolysis. The biochar was produced at two final temperatures 200°C (1 hour); 250°C (1h) and 250°C (2h), with pyrolysis of an oxidizing and non-oxidizing atmosphere for both. PH, cation exchange capacity (CTC), carbon content (C), Nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), H:C, C:N and ash ratios were evaluated. The contents of C, H, N and the atomic ratios H:C and C:N were higher in Biochar produced in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (BNO). However, the content of ash, pH and CTC were higher in Biochar produced in oxidizing atmospheres (BO). One can conclude the direct influence of the pyrolysis condition.

scholarly journals Chemical properties of long-term irrigated Fluvisols of the Beli Drim river valley in the Klina region (Serbia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Miodrag Tolimir ◽  
Branka Kresović ◽  
Borivoj Pejić ◽  
Katarina Gajić ◽  
Angelina Tapanarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Basic Cations ◽  
Hydrolytic Acidity

The impact of long-term (> 100 yr) irrigation on soil chemical properties was studied on eight plots in the Beli Drim river valley in Kosovo and Metohija near Klina, Serbia. For these studies, soil samples from shallow profiles were collected from only one or two depth zones of the Ah horizon; and from moderately deep and deep profiles, from two to three depth zones for the purpose of comparing irrigated field and non-irrigated meadow lands. Water from the Beli Drim River and surface gravity systems (irrigation furrows or border strip irrigation) were used for irrigation. Chemical variables included determination of pH-H2O, content of CaCO3, content of humus, hydrolytic acidity, sum of basic cations, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. On irrigated soils, the results of chemical analysis showed on average a small increase in pH-H2O (0.07 pH units), as well as a significant decrease in humus content (2.00-4.75%), sum of basic cations (4.98-12.98%) and cation exchange capacity (12.8%) compared to the non-irrigated land of the study area. Long-term irrigation had no effect on hydrolytic acidity and base saturation in the Ah horizon of the investigated lands. Namely, the mentioned variations in the chemical properties of the investigated soils show that slight processes of reduction in the humus content and reduction of the content of base cations occured. Data on the chemical properties of the investigated soils indicate that the destructive processes of reduction in the humus content and leaching of base cations must be controlled in order to achieve a stable sustainable system of high productivity and prevent their further deterioration.

scholarly journals From the study of the characteristics of the mountain dark kastanozem in the mouth of Shar Khad in Uvur Zaisan, Bogd Khan mountain

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Lkhamsuren Byambaja ◽  
Khishigsaikhan Adiyazar ◽  
Janchivdorj Baatarkhuu ◽  
Soronzongombo Byambaa ◽  
Namjilsuren Ganbaatar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

We cut in 25.5 hectares of soil at the mouth of Shar Khad in Uvur Zaisan, Bogd Khan Uul, made morphological records, determined the soil structure, its stability, physical and chemical properties, and compared it with the soil properties of the fenced area selected as the main control parameters. In this study, we compared the structure, structural stability, physical and chemical properties of mountain dark kastanozem. For the soil structure of the study area, the proportion of 0.25-10 mm structure in the 0-8 cm layer is 5-18 %, and the structure size of less than 0.25 mm is 27 %, and the structural stability is 2-2.5 on average at 0-3 cm soil In terms of points and mechanical composition, light loam and sandy soils predominated in the 0-8 cm layer of soil, sand content increased by 48.2%, physical clay content decreased by 68.8%, and humus content decreased by 0.6% from the fenced area selected for control. As a result, the characteristics of the dark kastanozem degraded of the settled area. Богдхан уулын Өвөр Зайсангийн Шар хадны амны уулын хар хүрэн хөрсний шинж чанарыг судалсан дүн Бид Богд Хан уулын Өвөр Зайсангийн Шар хадны амны  25.5 га талбайн хөрсөнд зүсэлт хийж, морфологи бичиглэл үйлдэн, хөрсний бүтэц, түүний тогтвортой байдал, физик, химийн шинж чанарыг тодорхойлон голлох үзүүлэлтээр хяналт болгон сонгож авсан хашиж хамгаалсан талбайн хөрсний шинж чанартай харьцуулан уг судалгааг хийж гүйцэтгэв. Бид уг судалгаагаар уулын хар хүрэн хөрсний бүтэц, бүтцийн тогтвортой байдал, физик, химийн шинж чанарыг харьцуулан судлав. Судалгааны талбайн хөрсний бүтцийн хувьд 0-8 см үе давхаргад 0.25-10 мм хэмжээтэй бүтцийн эзлэх хувь 5-18 %, 0.25 мм-ээс бага хэмжээтэй бүтэц 27 %-ийг эзэлж, бүтцийн тогтвортой байдал хөрсний 0-3 см үед дунджаар 2-2.5 балл, механик бүрэлдэхүүний хувьд хөрсний 0-8 см үе давхаргад хөнгөн шавранцар механик бүрэлдэхүүн зонхилж, элсний агууламж 48.2 %-иар нэмэгдэж, физик шаврын агууламж 68.8 %-иар, ялзмагийн агууламж хяналт болгон сонгож авсан хашсан талбайнхаас 0.6 %-иар тус тус буурсан байна. Мөн хөрсний шим тэжээлийн элементүүд болох хөдөлгөөнт фосфор, солилцох калийн агууламжийн хувьд ч хашсан талбайнхаас бага байна. Дээрхи үр дүнгээс үзэхэд судалгааны талбайд тогтворжсон уулын хар хүрэн хөрсний шинж чанарт мэдэгдэхүйц өөрчлөлт орж талхагдал, доройтолд өртжээ гэж үзэх үндэстэй байна.  Түлхүүр үг: Хөрсний бүтэц, хөрсний бүтцийн тогтвортой байдал, хөрсний физик шинж, хими шинж, хөрсний доройтол

Pronamide Phytotoxicity in Ten Wisconsin Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Dutt ◽  
R. G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pronamide [3,5-dichloro-(N-1, 1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) benzamide] phytotoxicity was compared in 10 Wisconsin soils and the relationship of activity to soil physical and chemical properties appraised. Twelve soil properties were measured and correlated with pronamide I50(50% fresh weight inhibition) values using oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Portal’) as the indicator plant in bioassays conducted under greenhouse conditions. Organic matter was the soil variable most inversely correlated with pronamide phytotoxicity. Cation exchange capacity, field moisture capacity, and Mg content were also inversely correlated with pronamide phytotoxicity, but probably reflect changes in soil organic matter levels. Clay content did not significantly affect pronamide phytotoxicity.

The influence of heating temperature on the physical and chemical properties of soils with different parent materials and anthropogenic uses

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Sacchi ◽  
Paola Campitelli ◽  
Patricia Soria ◽  
Silvia Ceppi
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Although natural and controlled fires are common in natural environments of the Province of Córdoba (Argentina), the effects on the physical and chemical soil properties are not well known. Warming effects were studied in two representative soil parent materials located in the piedmont of the Sierra Chica, Córdoba, Argentina. The aim of this study was to quantify the changes caused by different heating temperatures (100 °C and 500 °C), under laboratory conditions, on physical and chemical properties of two soils with different granulometric compositions and anthropic uses. The soils were classified as Udic Haplustoll, fine loamy (alluvial soils) and Udic Argiustoll, fine silty (loessoides soils). The depth analyzed corresponded to the upper 5 cm of the surface horizon. The physical property was granulometric composition (clay, silt and sand content) and the chemical properties: pH, oxidizable carbon (Cox), total nitrogen (Nt), cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations (Ca<sup>+2</sup>, Mg<sup>+2</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>), extractable phosphorus (Pe) and electrical conductivity (EC). These analyses included both unheated samples (control) and those heated at different temperatures. Cox, pH, EC and CEC showed similar behavior at the different heating temperatures, despite the parent materials and the soil use conditions. Cox, pH, Nt and CEC could statistically explain the differences in edaphic properties at the temperatures analyzed. At 300 °C statistically significant differences were recorded for the analyzed soil parameters, and at 500 °C changes difficult to reverse due to the inorganic colloidal fraction collapse and the decrease (90%) of the organic fraction were found.

EFFET DU DRAINAGE SOUTERRAIN SUR QUELQUES PROPRIETES DE SOLS ARGILEUX DU QUEBEC

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE ◽  
M. R. LAVERDIÈRE
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Internal Drainage ◽  
Sols Argileux ◽  
Aeration Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Extractable Iron ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Four series of agricultural soils of Quebec were sampled in the Lowlands on drained and undrained sites in order to investigate the effect of long-term internal drainage on the physical and chemical properties of the profiles. Change in structure was observed in the Ste-Rosalie soils. A massive layer found below 18 cm in the undrained profile was replaced by a more structured layer at greater depth in the drained profiles. Occurrence of mottles down to the Cg horizon reflected the better aeration conditions in the drained sites. Saturated hydraulic conductivity values were sometimes higher and sometimes lower than those measured in the undrained profiles. Below the plow layer, the two profiles drained for more than 50 yr had a cation exchange capacity 12–15% higher than the undrained profiles. Oxalate-extractable iron represented a high percentage of the dithionite-extractable iron and indicated a low rate of formation of crystalline pedogenic oxides. Mn accumulations were found in the more compact layers. The improvement of internal drainage requires a soil management that will enhance soil structure.

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