scholarly journals Analisis Perhitungan Beban Pendinginan Ruang Dhammasala Vihara Padumuttara menggunakan Metode CLTD

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Ananda Karuna Jaya ◽  
Caesar Ondolan Harahap ◽  
Rahmi Andarini
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Load Calculation

Dhammasala room of Padumuttara Temple has an indoor temperature of 28,56oC and relative humidity of 80,6%. According to SNI 03-6572-2001 and a previous literature study, this temperature is outside the thermal comfort zone for tropical climate. Aiming to improve thermal comfort of Dhammasala room with an HVAC system efficiently, the cooling load of the room is analyzed using the Cooling Load Temperature Difference  (CLTD) method. The results are also compared with results from other cooling load calculation sofware. The recommended HVAC System for Dhammasala room of Padumuttara Temple is a chiller with a capacity of 30-40TR.

scholarly journals Valorization of Local Construction and Technique: Hygrothermal Behavior, Thermal and Visual Comfort of a Nubian Vaulted Construction in Sahelian Climate of Ouagadougou

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Fati Zoma ◽  
David Y. K. Toguyeni ◽  
Barkwendé Jude Kiemtoré ◽  
Emmanuel Ouedraogo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Hygrothermal Behavior ◽  
Thermal Amplitude ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments

This study allowed appreciating hygrothermal behavior, thermal comfort and the visual comfort of an existing Nubian vaulted building in the city of Ouagadougou. To achieve that purpose, we measured parameters such as the temperature and relative humidity of the indoor and outdoor environments as well as illumination by daylight inside the studied building. The measurement campaign consisted of two (02) series of three (03) days in January 2018: one series with insulation of the louvered openings by polystyrene and the other series without the insulation. We carried out the measurements of relative humidity and illumination at 7, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20 and 22 o'clock and adopted a one-hour measurement time step for temperatures. The analysis of these parameters showed that the level of natural lighting in the building was insufficient. In addition, for the indoor ambiance, we have obtained indoor thermal amplitude less than 1.5°C, a decrement factor of less than 6%, a time lag of 6 to 8 hours. As for operative temperatures, they are within the thermal comfort zone of the Givonni diagram. As for the couple (Temperature, Relative Humidity), the thermal comfort zone proposed by Givonni is reached when the louver openings are insulated.

scholarly journals Effect of Different HVAC Control Strategies on Thermal Comfort and Adaptive Behavior in High-Rise Apartments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11767
Author(s):  
Jihye Ryu ◽  
Jungsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Hvac Control ◽  
The Impact

In the residential sector, householders play an active role in regulating the indoor climate via diverse control measures such as the operation of air-conditioners or windows. The main research question asked in this paper is whether control decisions made by householders are rational and effective in terms of achieving comfort and energy efficiency. Based on a field study in South Korea, this paper explores how a HVAC control strategy for high-rise apartment buildings can affect occupant comfort and adaptive behavior. Two different control strategies: (1) occupant control (OC), where occupants were allowed to freely operate the HVAC system and (2) comfort-zone control (CC), where the operation of the HVAC system was determined by the researcher, based on a pre-defined comfort zone, were applied to, and tested within the participating households in summer. The impact of the two control strategies on indoor thermal environments, thermal comfort, and occupant adaptive behavior were analyzed. We find that the CC strategy is more energy/comfort efficient than OC because: (1) comfort was be achieved at a higher indoor temperature, and (2) unnecessary control behaviors leading to cooling load increase can be minimized, which have major implications for energy consumption reduction in the residential sector.

scholarly journals Models for Prediction of Daily Mean Indoor Temperature and Relative Humidity: Education Building in Izmir, Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 772-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Türkan Göksal Özbalta ◽  
Alper Sezer ◽  
Yusuf Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
System Size ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Comfort Parameters

In this research, several models were developed to forecast the daily mean indoor temperature (IT) and relative humidity values in an education building in Izmir, Turkey. The city is located at a hot–humid climatic region. In order to forecast the IT and internal relative humidity (IRH) parameters in the building, a number of artificial neural networks (ANN) models were trained and tested with a dataset including outdoor climatic conditions, day of year and indoor thermal comfort parameters. The indoor thermal comfort parameters, namely, IT and IRH values between 6 June and 21 September 2009 were collected via HOBO data logger. Fraction of variance ( R2) and root-mean squared error values calculated by the use of the outputs of different ANN architectures were compared. Moreover, several multiple regression models were developed to question their performance in comparison with those of ANNs. The results showed that an ANN model trained with inconsiderable amount of data was successful in the prediction of IT and IRH parameters in education buildings. It should be emphasized that this model can be benefited in the prediction of indoor thermal comfort conditions, energy requirements, and heating, ventilating and air conditioning system size.

Application of an Air-Air Energy Exchanger in a Building HVAC System in Xiamen

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 2474-2477
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Qing Ling Zhang ◽  
Ya Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Heat ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Study Results

An air-air energy exchanger (AAEE) has been introduced in the literature as a novel energy recovery system that transfers heat and moisture between the ventilation and exhaust air. In this paper, the application of an AAEE in a HVAC system is investigated. The paper discusses the dependency of AAEE performance on ventilation air and indoor and outdoor air conditions, it describes how to control the AAEE in different operating conditions (summer and winter). The suited meteorological conditions of the AAEE in buildings are given. Based on the humidity and temperature data of the typical meteorological year in Xiamen, the temperature distribution statistics throughout the year is studied and the air enthalpy difference is calculated. Combining with the demand of the indoor air conditioning parameters, the applicable hours of different types of AAEE, such as total heat and sensible heat, in Xiamen are analyzed. It is shown that the lower we intend to get the temperature and relative humidity, the more space there will be for the AAEE to work in summer. In winter, for the sensible heat AAEE, the higher indoor temperature we design, the more hours it works, the greater space we will have for heat recovery. But for the total heat AAEE, it will be used longer as the indoor temperature and relative humidity are designed higher. The study results show that the AAEE can be energy-saving and reduce indoor air pollution of modern buildings, improve indoor work and living environment. The result can provide basic principle and referenced data for product improvement and air-conditioning system design.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Characterization of the Thermal Environment of Special-Use Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Luis Octavio González-Salcedo ◽  
Francisco Adolfo Marmolejo-Villanueva ◽  
Diego Alexander Quiroz-Morán ◽  
Karen Andrea Ospina-Trujillo ◽  
Ricardo Malagón Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Temperature Behavior ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Temperature Index ◽  
Animal Housing ◽  
Climatic Environment

One branch of civil engineering is construction engineering, geared primarily towards humans. However, this branch also includes buildings designed for animals called animal housing (dwellings or shelters or corrals). Like physical spaces for humans, animal housing requires sufficient conditions for an occupation that guarantees the performance of indoor activities pleasantly and comfortably. One of the parameters for characterizing and classifying the penned livestock farm environment is the thermal comfort range that reflects the indoor temperature behavior for animal welfare, together with other climatic elements such as relative humidity. This research carried out fieldwork to evaluate the thermal environment of pigpens located in Palmira, Colombia, in the time range between 07:00 and 21:00 hours. Using thermometers and hygrometers, we recorded and analyzed the indoor temperature behavior within the thermal comfort range associated with relative humidity for the well-being of pigs. The records made it possible to calculate humidity and temperature index and humidity and black globe temperature index. According to the results, the pig rearing environment was classified as critical for breeding pigs and newborn piglets, suggesting the use of controlled environment systems in pig facilities. In conclusion, monitoring the climatic environment by criteria that combine air temperature and relative humidity is a useful tool for planning pig facilities.

scholarly journals Thermal Impacts of the Internal Courtyards in Compound Houses: The Case of Tamale Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Manan Dauda
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
American Society ◽  
Building Designs ◽  
Indoor Conditions

The research seeks to understand the effects of internal courtyards onthermal comfort conditions in compound houses in Ghana’s TamaleMetropolitan area. Internal courtyards are an integral part of the design ofcompound houses in this location.Their inclusion in building designs is largely as a point of domestic activitysuch as cooking and cleaning and also for social interaction. However, a lotof interchanges in thermal conditions between structures and the outdoorstake place within these internal courtyards. Various design details of thebuilding will engender different thermal responses of the internal courtyard.This paper assesses thermal comfort in compound houses as againstbungalow type houses in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana by the applicationof the Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied Persons (PPD) and PredictedMean Votes (PMV) model. This prototype compares with the InternationalStandards Organization (ISO) 7730 and American Society of Heating,Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 55(estimated values between 23˚C - 26˚C seen as the allowable temperatures).Ambient indoor conditions (dry bulb temperature and relative humidity)of five (5) buildings each from the two building typologies from wererecorded over a period of ten calendar months. These ambient conditionswere analyzed, consequently generating the Predicted Percentage ofDissatisfied Persons (PPD) and Predicted Mean Votes (PMV) recordings.The investigations uncovered relatively high PPD - PMV recordingsrelating to the Bungalow type buildings while the compound housesattune to the comfort zone. The Actual Mean Votes (AMV) of residentssuggests the two building typologies are all rated comfortable however; thecompound houses are rated above the bungalow type houses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Thermal Comfort of Kindergarten Buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-494
Author(s):  
Juozas Bielskus ◽  
Giedrius Šiupšinskas ◽  
Dovydas Rimdžius
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Calculated Average

The aim of the article is to evaluate the actual situation of thermal comfort in old non-modernized and modernized kindergartens in Lithuania. In this case, the level of thermal comfort and air quality of two modernized and two non-modernized kindergartens is ana- lyzed. In order to evaluate the level of comfort and air quality of the kindergartens, the air temperature, relative humidity and CO2 levels in the air were measured. The study follows the EN ISO 7730 International Standard’s methodology based on Fanger’s Comfort Model. The results of the research presented in this article are supported by the indicators of thermal comfort and CO2 concentration values. According to the calculated average thermal comfort values, the thermal comfort level of two mod- ernized kindergartens and one non-modernized kindergarten falls within the bounds of the comfort zone. Though, the results of CO2 concentration measurements show that in all the kindergartens during the working days CO2 concentration always exceeds the standard requirements.

ANALISIS BEBAN PENDINGINAN PADA COLD STORAGE UNTUK PENYIMPANAN DAGING

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Ratu Mutia Fajarani ◽  
Yopi Handoyo ◽  
Raden Hengki Rahmanto
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Load Calculation ◽  
Selection Of

Cooling is the best preservation method than others because the food that has been cooled will remain fresh and will not experience a change in taste, color and aroma, besides all the activities that cause decay will stop so that the cooled food will last longer. (Hartanto, 1984). With the proper cooling engine planning, it can help with spatial adjustments, adjustments to loading, estimation of the power to be used, and budget plans. That is what is commonly called the cooling load calculation. Calculation of cooling load needs to be carried out before planning. This is necessary because the magnitude of the pending load is very influential on the selection of the cooling engine so that the freezing point for preserving food can be accurate. Pendiginan burden is influenced by external and internal factors. With the experimental method, it is obtained the results of the external cooling load as the external cooling load is 11.6 kW, the inner cooling load is 138.8 kW and the performance work coefficient (COP) is 2.

scholarly journals Analysis of EEG, Cardiac Activity Status, and Thermal Comfort According to the Type of Cooling Seat during Rest in Indoor Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Yunchan Shin ◽  
Minjung Lee ◽  
Honghyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Satisfaction Level ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Sensorimotor Rhythm ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Wave Reduction

In this study, electroencephalogram (EEG) and cardiac activity status of the human body while using various types of seats during rest were analyzed in indoor summer conditions. Thermal comfort was also evaluated through a subjective survey. The EEG, cardiac activity status, and subjective survey during rest indicated that the use of ventilation and cold water-cooling seats was effective. This effectiveness was because of the θ-wave and α-wave activation, sensorimotor rhythm, β-wave reduction, and left hemisphere activation, demonstrating that the conditions applied were suitable for rest. According to the analysis of the subjective questionnaire survey, the use of ventilation and cold water-cooling seats provided a more pleasant state than the basic seat, improving the subject’s warmth and comfort, and also the concentration. In addition, the use of a cold water-cooling seat provided the highest satisfaction level, being the most favorable condition for rest.

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