scholarly journals AKTIVITAS FUNGISIDA BAHAN PENGAWET KAYU BERBAHAN AKTIF MAJEMUK TERHADAP JAMUR BIRU Diplodia sp

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Ismanto ◽  
Dominicus Martono
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Wood Preservatives ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fungicide Activity

Fungicide Activity of Complex-Active Ingredient of Preservative Wood  Against Bluestain of Diplodia sp.         Wood preservatives containing chlorotalonyl 450 g/L and carbendazim 100 g/L (Entiblu 450/100SC) was a pesticide compound serves to prevent fungal attacks Diplodia sp on the media of PDA (Potato Dextrose Agars) and to prevent germination of the spores. Inhibition of the rate and intensity of Diplodia sp fungus attacks on the media in petridish indicated a slowing rate of growth of the mycelium. The results showed that the pesticides containing chlorotalonyl 450 g/L and carbendazim 100 g/L with a concentration of 2 x 1.5 kg/ m³ could prevent the growth of the mycelium of Diplodia sp, inhibition rate reached 100%. For single ingredient chlorotalonyl 75 % (Chlorotalonil 75 WP) a concentration of ½ x 0.375 kg/m³ had been able to prevent the growth of the mycelium up to 100 %, while in carbendazim 50 % (Carbendazim 50 WP) to reached 100 % inhibition at a concentration of 1 x  0.75 kg/m³. Pesticides which was a mixture of active ingredients chlorotalonyl 450 g/L and carbendazim 100 g/L  no antagonism activity.Keywords : fungicide, complex active ingredient, bluestain of Diplodia sp, chlorotalonyl, carbendazim ABSTRAK           Bahan pengawet  kayu yang mengandung klorotalonil 450 g/L dan karbendasim 100 g/L  (Entiblu 450/100SC) merupakan pestisida majemuk berfungsi untuk mencegah serangan jamur Diplodia sp pada media agar PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) dan mencegah perkecambahan spora. Penghambatan laju dan intensitas serangan jamur Diplodia sp pada media dalam cawan petri ditunjukkan  pelambatan kecepatan pertumbuhan miselium.  Hasil pengujian  menunjukkan bahwa pada pestisida yang mengandung klorotalonil 450 g/L dan karbendasim 100 g/L  dengan konsentrasi 2 x 1,5 kg/m³ dapat mencegah pertumbuhan miselium Diplodia sp , tingkat penghambatan mencapai 100 %. Untuk bahan tunggal klorotalonil 75 %  (Chlorotalonil 75WP) pada konsentrasi ½ x 0,375 kg/m³ telah mampu mencegah pertumbuhan miselium  sampai 100 %, sedangkan pada karbendasim 50 % (Carbendazim 50 WP) untuk mencapai penghambatan 100 % baru pada konsentrasi 1 x 0,75 kg/m³. Pestisida yang merupakan campuran bahan aktif klorotalonil 450 g/L dan karbendasim 100 g/L tidak ada aktivitas antagonisme.Kata kunci : fungisida, bahan aktif majemuk, jamur biru Diplodia sp, klorotalonil, karbendasim

scholarly journals Effect of three composts with active ingredients of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the development of white root disease and production of rubber plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
NURHAYATI DAMIRI ◽  
RIZAL ROFIQI ◽  
MULAWARMAN MULAWARMAN ◽  
SUPLI E. RAHIM ◽  
TRI RAPANI FEBYANTI
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Biological Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Rigidoporus Lignosus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latex Production

Abstract. Damiri N, Rofiqi R, Mulawarnam, Rahim SE, Febyanti TP. 2021. Effect of three composts with active ingredients of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the development of white root disease and production of rubber plants. Biodiversitas 22: 3237-3242. White root disease (WRD) caused by Rigidoporus lignosus is a very dangerous disease and a scourge for rubber farmers because it can result in decreased production and kill rubber plants. This research was conducted to observe the impact of compost enriched with the biological agent Pseudomonas fluorescens on the development of white root disease and production in rubber plants. The results showed that the application of compost with active ingredient of P. fluorescens isolates A and B reduced the severity of white root disease in plants with mild, moderate and severe infections, 34.12%, 29.31% and 57.21% respectively. Application of compost with P. fluorescens isolates A and B, either singly or in combination, can increase latex production. The treatment of giving compost enriched with P. fluorescens isolates AR and ABR on rubber plants infected with mild WRD resulted in the highest latex production of 406 gm and 402.74 gm per plant, respectively. These two treatments did not differ from each other but were significantly different from the other treatments and controls.

The effect of Wogonoside on the expression of pulmonary fibrosis factor in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Wang ◽  
Xiaoxi Wang ◽  
Zhimin Yang ◽  
Huixing Xu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Affinity Constant ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is an acute respiratory infectious pneumonia with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. TGF-β1 is well accepted as the central mediator for fibrosis which promotes the formation of tissue fibrosis factor. Qinbaiqingfei pellet (Qinbai) has already been approved as the first effective new traditional Chinese medicine which can delay activities of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.pneumoniae) and protect lung epithelial cells in clinical trials. However, the mechanism of Qinbai inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1 is still unclear. METHODS The Chinese herbs in Qinbai were screened by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and it was deteimined that Scutellaria baicalensis extracts in Qinbai showed the best binding with TGF-β1. Then the active ingredient whicn can be bound with TGF-β1 protein in the solution of Qinbai and Scutellaria baicalensis was isolated and analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, which proved the active ingredient was Wogonoside. The affinity constant of Wogonoside and TGF-β1 protein was measured by SPR affinity analysis. A549 cells infected with M.pneumoniae were intervened by Wogonoside, and then the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in A549 cells were analyzed by PCR and western blotting. RESULTS The results showed the bound effect of Scutellaria baicalensis and TGF-β1 was effective. The active ingredients which can be bound with TGF-β1 in the solution of Scutellaria baicalensis and Qinbai were obtained and analyzed to investigate the mechanism of Qinbai inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS results showed that the active ingredients was Wogonoside. SPR affinity analysis showed that the affinity constant was 21.71 µM. Pharmacological experiments revealed that Wogonoside strongly inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in A549 cells infected by M.pneumoniae. CONCLUSION Wogonoside in Qinbai can be bound with TGF-β1 and down-regulate the expression of lung fibrosis factors TGF-β1 and Smad3. The finding may improve our understanding the molecular mechanism of Qinbai mediating MPP and provide new sights into the future pharmacological investigation of Qinbai.

scholarly journals MÉTODOS DE DETECÇÃO DO GÊNERO Aspergillus EM SEMENTES DE MILHO (Zea mays L.) EM 270 DIAS DE ARMAZENAMENTO

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. CIRIO ◽  
M. L. R. Z. C. LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Secure Storage ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
The Media ◽  
Seeds Germination

O gênero Aspergillus tem como característica desenvolver-se em sementes e grãos com baixa umidade causando deterioração destes durante armazenamento com efeito na germinação nas sementes e produção de micotoxinas como aflatoxina em grãos, prejudiciais a saúde do homem e dos animais. Para avaliar a eficiência de métodos de detecção para Aspergillus, verificar germinação e umidade das sementes de milho foi feita armazenagem por 270 dias. As avaliações foram ao zero, 90, 150, 210 e 270 dias após armazenamento (DAA) com testes em papel filtro (blotter) e nos meios de batata dextrose ágar ácido (BDA ácido) e ágar suco de tomate mais 6% de cloreto de sódio (AST salino). Como resultados ao zero dia de armazenamento verificou-se ausência de Aspergillus; aos 90 DAA incidências 7,2% em blotter e 1,1% em AST; aos 150 DAA incidências 5,1% em blotter; aos 210 DAA incidências 41,1% em AST, 5,1% no blotter e 3,3% no BDA e aos 270 DAA incidências de 79,7% e 66,2% em blotter e AST que não diferiram estatisticamente entre si e 21% em BDA. A germinação e umidade foram: 98% e 10,8% (dia zero); 93% e 13,4% (90 DAA); 93% e 12,2% (150 DAA); 92% e 14,2% (210 DAA) e 36 % e 12,2 % (270 DAA), respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o meio AST salino mostrou maior eficiência para detectar Aspergillus aos 210 DAA indicando proliferação do gênero durante armazenamento até 270 DAA. A germinação das sementes reduziu-se de 92% para 36% entre 210 e 270 DAA e a umidade variou entre 10,8% e 14,2%, compatível com armazenagem segura. DETECTION METHODS OF Aspergillus GENUS IN CORN SEEDS (Zea mays L.) DURING 270 DAYS STORAGE Abstract The genera Aspergillus has a characteristic to developed in seeds and grains with low humidity causing deterioration during storage with effects on the seeds germination andmicotoxins production as aflatoxin in grains that are harmful to man and animal health. To evaluated the efficiency of detection methods for Aspergillus, to confirm germination and humidity in maize seeds, they were stored for 270 days. The evaluations were at zero, 90, 150, 210 and 270 days after storage (DAS) with the blotter test and in media potato-dextrose-agar (PDA acid) and tomato juice agar plus 6% NaCl (salty TJA). As results at zero day absence of Aspergillus, at 90 DAS incidence 7,2% in blotter and 1,1% in TMA, at 150 DAS incidence 5,1% in blotter; at 210 DAS the incidence 41,1% in TMA, 5,1% in blotter e 3,3% in PDA and at 270 DAS incidence 79,7% and 66,2% in blotter and TMA that didn’t differ statistically and 21% in PDA. Were get germination and humidity 98% and 10,8% (zero day); 93% and 13,4% (90 DAS); 93% and 12,2% (150 DAS); 92% and 14,2% (210 DAS) and 36% and 12,2% (270 DAS) respectively. The conclusions were that the media salty TJA showed higher efficiency to detect Aspergillus at 210 DAS what indicated proliferation of the genera during storage till 270 DAS. The germination reduced from92% to 36% between 210 e 270 DAS and humidity remained between 10,8% and 14,2% compatible with secure storage.

Effects of active sunscreen ingredient combinations on the topical penetration of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R Pont ◽  
Anna R Charron ◽  
Roselyn M Wilson ◽  
Rhonda M Brand
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Penetration Enhancers ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Uv Absorbers ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
The Individual ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Sunscreen use can reduce the incidence of certain skin cancers. However, a number of commercially available formulations have been shown to enhance the transdermal penetration of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Most of the active ingredients used in these compounds can individually act as penetration enhancers. Commercial sunscreens frequently contain multiple active ingredients in order to provide broad sunscreen protection. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the effect of these active ingredient combinations on the transdermal absorption of 2,4-D in vitro. All six of the combinations tested resulted in increased cumulative penetration ( P <0.01) and faster lag times ( P <0.05). The 2,4-D cumulative penetration in the presence of the OFF! Deepwoods combination was significantly greater than the absorption with either the individual ingredients or their average ( P <0.05). A systematic study designed to isolate the chemicals responsible for this enhancement demonstrated that with UV absorbers DEET synergistically increased the 2,4-D penetration and that DEET’s cumulative enhancement properties correlate with its concentration. By contrast, octocrylene significantly slowed the lag time when used in combinations and was the only active ingredient that showed any antagonistic effects on 2,4-D penetration. Because none of the active ingredient combinations were able to inhibit dermal uptake of 2,4-D, it seems that proper selection of inert ingredients may be the most feasible solution for reducing penetration enhancement.

Disordered Expression of HIPK Family Members in MDS and AML.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4311-4311
Author(s):  
Chunhong Gu ◽  
Helen J. Zheng ◽  
Lap Shu Chan ◽  
Joseph Brandwein ◽  
Suzanne Kamel-Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Monocytic Differentiation ◽  
Granulocytic Differentiation ◽  
Empty Vector ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The homeodomain interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) are a group of three nuclear serine/threonine protein kinases originally identified as corepressors for various homeodomain-containing transcription factors. The physiological roles of these kinases are largely unknown, though HIPK1 was reported to be a p53-binding protein and might play a role in tumorgenesis. HIPK2 promotes apoptosis via pathways including p53, transcriptional corepressor CtBP, and Wnt-1 signalling. HIPK2 maps to chromosome 7q32-34 and resides within one of the minimal deleted regions of 7q in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Finally, HIPK3 was first identified as a putative multidrug resistant protein and was reported to be elevated by JNK in prostate cancer cells, thus contributing to increased resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis. We have utilized Real-Time PCR to investigate the expression of HIPKs in bone marrow from patients with AML (19 patients), MDS (15 patients), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML, 5 patients), and 11 normal CD34+ mobilized peripheral blood progenitors. The mRNA expression of HIPK1 was higher in AML (P=0.00002), CMML (P=0.02), and MDS (P=0.029) compared to normal. There was also a significant difference in HIPK1 expression between AML and MDS, higher in AML (P=0.009). HIPK2 expression was variable in AML, MDS and CMML patients, while in normal CD34+ cells its expression was consistently low. HIPK3 expression was high in AML compared to normal (P=0.019), but in CMML and MDS its expression was similar to normal. We utilized the AML cell lines HL-60, NB4, and U937 to analyze changes in HIPKs expression during myeloid differentiation. HIPK2 expression significantly increased during ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 and NB4 cells, but no significant change was seen in Vitamin D3-induced monocytic differentiation of U937 cells. Subgroup analysis of public domain microarray data( Valk et al, NEJM, 2004) indicates that HIPK2 expression is lower in AML patients with -7/-7q compared to other AML patients. We hypothesize that loss of HIPK2 expression contributes to the chemoresistance of -7/-7q AML by impairing normal apoptosis. As an initial test of this hypothesis we have studied the effect of forced expression of HIPK2 on sensitivity of COS-7 cells to daunorubicin, cytarabine and etoposide. COS-7 cells transfected with HIPK2 are more sensitive to daunorubicin with the inhibition rate of growth of 28.31% at 1.6 μg/ml daunorubicin after 48h incubation, while the inhibition rate of COS-7 cell transfected with dominant negative (DN)-HIPK2 (18.80%) was similar to cells transfected with an empty vector (14.96%) and untransfected cells (15.12%) under the same condition of drug exposure. Similar results were found for cytarabine, where the inhibition rate of growth was 17.40% (HIPK2), 9.00% (DN-HIPK2), 6.41% (empty vector), 5.77% (untransfected control). No change of sensitivity was found for etoposide. Conclusions: The anti-apoptotic kinases HIPK1 and HIPK3 are highly expressed in AML, and might have roles in leukemogenesis. HIPK2 shows heterogeneous expression in AML but is underexpressed in AML patients with -7q, and mediates sensitivity to cytarabine- and daunorubicin-induced apoptosis. The possible roles of HIPKs in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis require further investiagtion.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF NANO GEL ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KEPOK BANANA PEEL (MUSA X PARADISIACA L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Henni Rosaini ◽  
Auzal Halim ◽  
Ica Elpitha Sandi ◽  
Indra Makmur ◽  
Ridho Asra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Magnetic Stirrer ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Gel Preparation

Kepok banana peel (Musa x paradisiaca L.) contains flavonoids that act as antioxidants. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Kepok banana peel can be used as an active ingredient of nano gel. Nano-sized preparations can increase the efficiency of the delivery of active ingredients with lesser side effects and also decrease the stratum corneum to make it easier to penetrate. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the ethanol extract of Kepok banana peel (Musa x paradisiaca L.) can be formulated as nano gel and to measure its antioxidant activity. The method of nano gel preparation was stirring technique by using a magnetic stirrer and a sonicator. The antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of kepok banana peel could be formulated as nano gel with size F0 = 161.9 nm; F1 = 171.3 nm; F2 = 165.6 nm; F3 = 163.9 nm which fulfilled the nano gel size requirement (20-200 nm) and the potential zeta value F0 = -43.4 mV; F1 = -43.7 mV; F2 = -46.9 mV; F3 = -47.0 mV fulfilled the requirements (smaller than -30 mV and greater than +30 mV). The antioxidant activity showed that the IC50 of ethanol extract of was stronger than IC50 of 1% nano gel (198.0279 µg/ml : 282.8933 µg/ml).

scholarly journals Low moisture starch for improved viability and stability of new Probiotic L. plantarum 299v preparation

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Davor Korcok ◽  
Olivera Colic ◽  
Nada Trsic-Milanovic ◽  
Bogdan Mitic
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Level Of Evidence

Probiotic pharmaceutical preparations are more and more popular because of the increasing level of evidence of their beneficial effect on human health. The goal of this study was to determine and develop the encapsulated probiotic formulation with the optimal filling amount of active ingredient - Lactobacillus plantarum that would, in combination with other active ingredients: iron, vitamin C and excipient starch, fulfil requirements for therapeutic action while maintaining process parameters? requirements of manufacturing as well. The optimal formulation of a multicomponent probiotic-based formulation that fulfils requirements for sustaining all active ingredients while respecting technological process requirements, will enable a routine pharmaceutical manufacturing that could yield both efficient and safe dietary products.

scholarly journals The protection of the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum L.) against poppy weevil (Stenocarus ruficornis Stephens) by foliar application

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Karel Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Poppy Seed ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Food Processing Industry ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

Poppy seed (Papaver somniferum L.) is an annual autumn or spring plant. This crop is cultivated generally for seed which is used as a foodstuff in food processing industry. The biological efficacy of different tested active ingredients (lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, aplha-cypermethrin, DE-225 and combination chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin) on poppy weevil (Stenocarus ruficornis S.) was evaluated in comparison with reference active ingredient (carbofuran) used as a standard treatment. The active ingredients were applied against the mentioned pest once in the season and were used in doses which were similar to those used against stem weevils in winter oil seed rape. Reference active ingredient was used in the dose which was authorised in the Czech Republic as standard ones against the poppy weevil. All active ingredients revealed efficacy which was measured (as a size of injuries) both on leaves and roots. Two trials were performed in 2001–2002 in which efficacy and selectivity were assessed.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sodium Hipoklorit dan Kalsium Hipoklorit terhadap Daya Hidup Leptospira Patogenik

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Arief Nugroho ◽  
Esti Rahardianingtyas ◽  
Rendro Wianto ◽  
Nurhidayati Nurhidayati ◽  
Farida Dwi Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Statistical Results

Leptospirosis is still a health problem in the word. Leptospirosis can be transmitted to humans trough contact with environment infected with pathogenic Leptospira. Efforts to control pathogenic Leptospira in the environment can be done one of them by disinfecting. Effective desinfectants for the control of pathogenic Leptospira include the active ingredients Calcium hypochlorite 60% and Sodium hypochlorite 5,25%. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Calcium hypochlorite 60% and Sodium hypochlorite 5,25% against the life power of pathogenic Leptospira. This research is a laboratory study with pure experimental design. Serovar of pathogenic Leptospira used is Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae desnsity used as much as 5.7 x 106 Leptospira/ml. The concentrations of desinfectans and bacteria are: 5 ppm, 50 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 10.000 ppm, and 25.000 ppm. Observations are made every ten minutes and twenty minutes with three repeats. The results showed that Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae could not survive when tested on 60% calcium hypochlorite and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, respectively, at a concentration of 2000 ppm and a concentration of 1000 ppm. Statistical results showed there was a significant difference in the concentration of each disinfectant active ingredient. Thus, a disinfectans of chlorine with the active ingredient Calcium hypochlorite 60% and Sodium hypochlorite 5,25% effectively affects the viability of the Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. Keywords : Sodium Hypochlorite, Calcium Hypochlorite, Leptospira, Disinfectant Abstrak Leptospirosis masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia. Leptospirosis dapat menular ke manusia lewat kontak dengan lingkungan yang mengandung Leptospira patogenik. Upaya pengendalian Leptospira patogenik di lingkungan dapat dilakukan salah satunya dengan pemberian disinfektan. Disinfektan yang efektif untuk pengendalian Leptospira patogenik diantaranya adalah bahan aktif kalsium hipoklorit 60% dan sodium hipoklorit 5,25%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas bahan aktif kalsium hipoklorit 60% dan sodium hipoklorit 5,25% terhadap daya hidup Leptospira patogenik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian skala laboratorium dengan rancangan eksperimental murni. Serovar Leptospira patogenik yang digunakan adalah Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. Kepadatan Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae yang digunakan sebanyak 5,7 x 106 Leptospira/ml. Konsentrasi campuran disinfektan dan bakteri yaitu: 5 ppm, 50 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 10.000 ppm, dan 25.000 ppm. Pengamatan dilakukan tiap 10 menit dan 20 menit dengan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae tidak dapat hidup saat diujikan ke kalsium hipoklorit 60% dan sodium hipoklorit 5,25% berturut-turut pada konsentrasi 2000 ppm dan konsentrasi 1000 ppm. Hasil statistik menunjukkan ada perbedaan signifikan dari besaran konsentrasi masing-masing bahan aktif disinfektan. Dengan demikian, disinfektan klorin dengan bahan aktif calcium hypochlorite 60% dan sodium hypochlorite 5,25% efektif memengaruhi daya hidup Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae. Kata kunci: Sodium hipoklorit, Kalsium hipoklorit, Leptospira, Disinfektan

scholarly journals Pesticides used on the cultivation of Brassica oleracae var capitata L. (cabbage) in the Niayes area (Senegal): Impact on the environment and the health of producers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
Maïmouna Diallo ◽  
Modou fall Gueye ◽  
Mame samba Mbaye ◽  
Birane Dieng ◽  
Kandioura Noba
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Excel Spreadsheet ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Market Gardening ◽  
Major Chemical

The Niayes area, by its climate and its morpho-pedology, is a favorite area for market gardening in Senegal. For vegetables, it is accredited to more than 60% of harvests. Among the cultivated speculations is the cabbage (Brassica oleracae var capitata L.). With a view to alleviating the negative effect of pests, a variety of pesticides are used by producers. This study was undertaken with a view to contribute to a better knowledge of the pesticides used in the production of Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea) in the Niayes. Specifically, it aims to characterize the pesticides used in the area and to determine their impacts on the environment and the health of producers. To carry out this study, a survey was carried out among 163 cabbage producers in the Niayes area (Mboro and Diogo) from February 06 to March 03, 2018. The data entry and processing of the results were made thanks to the Epi info software and Excel spreadsheet. The results showed that 87.1% of producers use chemicals. At the end of this study, 24 active ingredients, mainly comprising four (4) major chemical families, were identified. The most widely used pesticides are insecticides, insecticides-acaricides-nematicides and herbicides with respectively 56%, 12% and 11% of citations. Profenofos is the most cited active ingredient with 21.1% followed by emamectin benzoate with 14%, pendiimathalin (12%) and carbofuran (11%). In addition, Organophosphates and Amino-Phosphates are the most representative chemical families with 48% and 15% citations, respectively. Among the producers; 85.9% have already suffered from poisoning from the use of pesticides. 43% of producers reported the death of insects and other animals as a result of the treatments.

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