scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTI-BIOFILM BAKTERI DARI PRODUK ALGA COKLAT Dictyota sp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ardi Afriansyah ◽  
Mudyawati Kamaruddin ◽  
Stalis Norma Ethica ◽  
Nurannisa Fitria Aprianti
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Agar

Infeksi bakteri dapat memperlambat penyembuhan, menyebabkan deformitas dan kematian sel. Hal ini disebabkan bakteri menghasilkan biofilm yang memberikan sifat resistensi terhadap antibiotik yang diberikan pada luka yang terinfeksi bakteri itu. Infeksi yang terkait dengan biofilm merupakan mayoritas dari semua infeksi bakteri yang kronis atau berulang dalam tubuh manusia. Alginat liase.merupakan enzim yang mampu mendegradasi alginat, yang merupakan komponen utama biofilm bakteri. Oleh karena itu, pencarian sumber baru alginat liase menjadi penting dalam pemberantasan penyakit infeksi terutama yang terkait dengan pembentukan biofilm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan simbion dari produk fermentasi alga coklat Dictyota sp. yang diperoleh dari Teluk Awur, Jepara, Indonesia dalam mendegradasi biofilm bakteri. Sampel makroalga segar difermentasi terlebih dahulu selama 7 hari untuk merangsang aktivitas degradasi oleh bakteri simbion secara umum. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil kultur dan resistensi dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar dilakukan terapi empiris. Bakteri simbion Dictyota sp ditumbuhkan pada media Zobell Agar (ZA) dan kemudian masing-masing koloni spesifik yang tumbuh dimurnikan menggunakan media Nutrient Agar (NA). Agar minimal alginat kemudian digunakan sebagai media selektif untuk mendeteksi keberadaan bakteri alginolitik yang ditunjukkan dengan kemampuannya membentuk zona alginolitik yang jernih disekitar koloni bakteri. Dari 14 isolat bakteri simbion Dictyota sp, 3 yaitu FD-01, FD-03, dan FD-04, dapat menghasilkan zona alginoliti dengan nilai indek alginolitik berkisar antara 0,5 – 1,0. Kesimpulannya, Dictyota sp. merupakan sumber potensial bakteri penghasil enzim antibiofilm, alginat liase

Evaluation of Microbial Load from Canned Soya Milk Drinks in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Nur Amalina binti Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf bin Redzuan ◽  
Muhamad Hazim bin Zuraimi ◽  
Muhamad Shuhaimi bin Shuib ◽  
Shahnaz Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Soya Milk ◽  
Two Samples

Objective: Owing to the habit of consuming ready food among the citizens of Malaysia a study was conducted to evaluate 20 samples of canned soya milk for the presence of possible microbial content. The samples were collected randomly from shopping malls, restaurants and kiosk in Ipoh Malaysia. Methods: All samples collected across Ipoh, were subjected to test for presence bacteria in nutrient agar, blood agar and macConkey media. The possible microbial load was swapped from surface and soya milk content with a sterile cotton and streaked on nutrient agar, blood agar and macConkey culture media. The streaked petri plates were incubated for 48 hours at 37oC. Results: The study revealed negative microbial growth in all except two samples from the surface and soya milk content collected from a restaurant in nutrient agar and blood agar medium. The presence of microbes was conformed as gram positive staphylococcus sp. through gram staining. The positive growth may be imputed to poor storage condition at the restaurant. Conclusion: It can be computed from the study that the majority of the samples were free from bacterial growth, suggesting strong in house quality control mechanism at the processing unit and exquisite storage conditions in malls and kiosk suggesting that soya milk available in malls and kiosk are fit for human consumption.

GROWTH OF ARTHROBACTER CITREUS AT AN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE: II. PROMOTION BY METALLIC IONS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-675
Author(s):  
P. T. S. Wong ◽  
E. C. S. Chan ◽  
O. T. Page
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Fermentable Sugars ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Similar Growth

Studies were undertaken to elucidate factors which promote growth of Arthrobacter citrem on nutrient agar at 37 °C. It was shown that nutrient agar was not actively inhibitory to A. citreus at this temperature. In nutrient medium, neither yeast extract, Casamino acids, nor fermentable sugars promoted growth at 37 °C. However, the ash of trypticase soy broth when added to nutrient broth supported growth at 37 °C. Na+and K+were found to have a similar growth-promoting effect. Mg++, Ca++, and Fe+++had no activity while Mn++was inhibitory. Buffered cell-suspensions of A. citreus showed a higher rate of leakage of ultraviolet-absorbing (260 mμ) materials at 37 than at 25°C. It appears that cell lysis and release of intracellular materials occur at 37 °C. Data from paper chromatographic and tracer techniques suggested that these released substances are nucleotides.

scholarly journals Bacterial Transfer Associated with Blowing Out Candles on a Birthday Cake

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paul Dawson ◽  
Inyee Han ◽  
Danielle Lynn ◽  
Jenevieve Lackey ◽  
Johnson Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Human Breath ◽  
Birthday Cake ◽  
Food Consumed

This study examined the potential spread of bacteria when blowing out candles on a birthday cake. Preliminary tests of blowing on nutrient agar indicated that bioaerosols in human breath expelled from the mouth may be a source of bacteria transferred to cake surfaces. To test aerosol transfer to cake, icing was spread evenly over foil then birthday candles were placed through the foil into a Styrofoam™ base. After consuming pizza, test subjects were asked to extinguish the candles by blowing. Icing samples were sterilely recovered then surface plated, to determine the level of bacterial contamination. Blowing out the candles over the icing surface resulted in 1400% more bacteria compared to icing not blown on. Due to the transfer of oral bacteria to icing by blowing out birthday candles, the transfer of bacteria and other microorganisms from the respiratory tract of a person blowing out candles to food consumed by others is likely. 

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH PNEUMONIA IN BLACK BENGAL GOATS

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Momin ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MM Khatun ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The present research work was undertaken for the characterization of the bacterial pathogens responsible for pneumonia in black Bengal goats. Nasal swab samples (n = 50) were collected from the pneumonic black Bengal goats in Mymensingh and Sirajgonj districts. Samples were inoculated onto nutrient agar, eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, MacConkey agar, and blood agar media for isolation of bacteria. Identification of bacteria was performed by the Gram's staining method, cultural properties and biochemical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates was performed against 11 antimicrobial agents. Pasteurella spp were isolated from 25 cases, and Staphylococcus spp from 13 cases. Mixed infection caused by the Pasteurella spp and Staphylococcus spp. were recorded in 12 cases. Pasteurella spp produced whitish, opaque circular and translucent colonies on nutrient agar, smooth, convex, glistening colonies on EMB agar and no hemolysis on blood agar. Staphylococcus spp have shown gray white or golden yellowish colonies on  nutrient agar. Golden yellow colonies without hemolysis or whitish colonies with hemolysis were also produced by Staphylococcus spp. on the blood agar media. Pasteurella spp were indole positive, MR-VP negative and ferment dextrose, sucrose and mannitol with the production of acid. The Staphylococcus spp were positive to MR-VP, coagulase and catalase reactions, negative to indole test and fermented five basic sugars with acid production. Results of cultural and biochemical tests supported that these two isolates belonged to P. multocida and S. aureus. P. multocida were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and resistant to penicillin. S. aureus found to be highly sensitive to erythromycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin and less sensitive to amoxicillin. DOI = http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i1.11215Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2011). 9(1): 67-71 

Predator and prey detection in two species of water bear (Tardigrada)

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry A Meyer ◽  
Hannah E Larsen ◽  
Nézira O Akobi ◽  
Garret Broussard
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Prey Detection ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Petri Dishes

Abstract Tardigrade behavioural studies have focused on responses to abiotic environmental conditions. Predator–prey interactions have received some attention, but not how predators and prey might detect one another. Here, we investigate whether a predatory tardigrade species is attracted to, and a potential prey tardigrade avoids, areas previously occupied by the other. In our experiments, Milnesium lagniappe was the predator and Macrobiotus acadianus the prey. Petri dishes with non-nutrient agar were used as experimental arenas. In one treatment, we allowed Macrobiotus to roam over half of the agar for 20 h, while leaving the other half free of Macrobiotus. We then removed the prey and introduced the predator. In the control treatment, no prey were added. Results indicated that Milnesium individuals were significantly concentrated in the area previously occupied by Macrobiotus, whereas no such concentration was evident when Macrobiotus had not been present. A similar protocol was used to test whether Macrobiotus avoided areas previously occupied by the predator. As expected, Macrobiotus were significantly concentrated in the area never occupied by Milnesium, unlike the control treatment. These results suggest that both species can detect the other without physical contact and react accordingly. Given that the experiments were conducted in darkness, detection is probably olfactory.

scholarly journals An Unusual Cause of Keratitis

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Saroj Gupta ◽  
Atul Aher
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
Parasite Culture ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
Corneal Scraping

This report is of an unusual case of keratitis in a young healthy man who presented with minor trauma to his left eye. At examination, a characteristic ring infiltrate was seen in the centre of the cornea. Normal saline wet mount preparation of the corneal scraping showed unusual motile trophozoites of a parasite. Culture on non-nutrient agar with Escherichia coli overlay was negative. The patient was treated with topical neomycin, polymyxin B, and bacitracin eye drops and responded well to treatment.

scholarly journals ISOLASI BAKTERI YANG BERSIMBION DENGAN ASCIDIAN Herdmania momus YANG MEMILIKI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Silvia E Koyongian ◽  
Deiske A Sumilat ◽  
Rosita A J Lintang ◽  
Stenly Wullur ◽  
Sandra O Tilaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Marine Broth ◽  
Antibacterial Screening ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

 Ascidian is marine invertebrates in coral reef ecosystems that produce many bioactive compounds for pharmacology. The presence of symbiotic bacteria with marine organisms is protected the host biota by producing secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study is to obtain symbiotic bacterial isolates with Herdmania momus ascidian, then to observe the antibacterial activity of these bacterial isolates against Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Isolation and culture of the symbiotic bacteria were made on Nutrient Agar and Zobell Marine Broth media. The antibacterial screening showed that the Herdmania momus symbiotic bacteria were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Keywords: ascidians, Herdmania momus, bacteria, isolation, antibacterialAbstak          Ascidian adalah avetebrata laut di ekosistem terumbu karang yang banyak menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif untuk bidang farmakologi. Keberadaan bakteri yang bersimbion dengan organisme laut pada umumnya untuk melindungi biota yang ditumpanginya dan dirinya dengan cara menghasilkan senyawa metabolit sekunder. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri yang bersimbion dengan ascidian Herdmania momus, kemudian mengamati aktivitas antibakteri dari isolat bakteri tersebut terhadap Escherichia coli, dan Staphylococcus aureus. Isolasi dan kultur bakteri yang bersimbion dengan ascidian dibuat pada media Nutrient Agar dan Zobell Marine Broth. Skrining aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan isolat bakteri yang bersimbion dengan ascidian Herdmania momus mampu menghambat pertumbuhan organisme uji Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.Kata kunci: ascidian, Herdmania momus, bakteri, isolasi, antibakteri

scholarly journals Occurrence of Fusarium species in maize grains for silage

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
J. Levic ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
V. Mandic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Late Maturity

Grain samples of two maize hybrids, medium early (ZP434) and late maturity (ZP704), collected during harvest in 2008 were investigated for contamination by fungi. Grains were plated on agar media and grown fungi were identified by morphological macroscopic and microscopic characteristics on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and synthetic nutrient agar (SNA). Species of the genus Fusarium were the most common in both hybrids, and their presence amounted to 33.89% (ZP434) and 42% (ZP704). Other fungi of genera, Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Trichotecium, were isolated from 0 to 41%. Four species belonging to the genus Fusarium were identified, of which the species F. verticillioides was the most common with 28.63% in ZP434 and 30.5% in ZP704 hybrids. The presence of F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans ranged from 3% (ZP704) to 5% (ZP434), 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704) and 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704), respectively. Generally, the incidence of every particular fungus was higher in the late maize hybrid with a higher moisture content than in the medium-early hybrid with a lower moisture content.

scholarly journals Toleransi logam berat timbal (Pb) pada bakteri indigenous dari air laut Pelabuhan Paotere, Makassar (Heavy metal lead [Pb] tolerance of indigenous bacteria from Seawater in Paotere Port, Makassar)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Fahruddin Fahruddin ◽  
Slamet Santosa ◽  
Sareda .
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Polluted Waters

Marine water which has been polluted by heavy metals such as lead (Pb) from port activities can affect marine life, however several microorganisms are able to adapt in polluted waters due to their resistant capabilities. The research aimed to obtain isolates bacterial which are resistant to Pb and to test their resistant ability. Bacterial isolation was obtained from sediment and seawater taken in Paotere Port, Makassar. The isolation of the resistant bacteria was done using nutrient agar media which contained 10 ppm of Pb. The growth of the bacteria was initially observed macroscopically and microscopically to determine type of the colony. Resistant test for each type of isolate was done by inoculating them on nutrient broth media which contained different concentration of Pb: 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, 25 ppm, and a control. The test resulted in eight different isolates, five isolates from sediment samples and three from seawater samples. The results showed that each isolate has different degree of resistant toward Pb. Isolate IA1 has the higher resistant ability, and it was followed by isolate IS5.---Perairan laut tercemar logam berat timbal (Pb), yang bersumber dari aktifitas pelabuhan, dapat mengganggu kehidupan biota laut, namun sejumlah mikrorganisme mampu beradaptasi karena memiliki kemampuan resistan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri yang resistan terhadap Pb dan menguji kemampuan resistansinya. Isolasi bakteri diperoleh dari sampel sedimen dan air laut dari Pelabuhan Paotere, Makassar.Untuk isolasi bakteri resistan menggunakan media nutrient agar yang megandung 10 ppm Pb. Bakteri yang tumbuh diamati secara makropskopis dan mikroskopis sebagai pendekatan awal untuk mengetahui jenis isolat. Uji resistansi dilakukan untuk setiap jenis isolat, yang diinokulasikan pada media nutrient broth pada konsentrasi Pb sebesar 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm. 20 ppm, 25 ppm dan 0 ppm sebagai kontrol.  Hasilnya, diperoleh delapan jenis isolat yang berbeda, yaitu lima jenis isolat dari sampel sedimen dan tiga dari sampel air laut. Dari hasil uji memperlihatkan, bahwa setiap isolat memiliki kemampuan resistansi berbeda-beda terhadap Pb. Isolat IA1 kemampuan resistansinya lebih tinggi, kemudian isolat IS5.

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