scholarly journals COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION AS A TRANSFORMATION BASIS FOR THE ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (387) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Zh. Z. Arynova ◽  
◽  
A. Т. Abdykarimov ◽  
M. К. Zhetpisbayeva ◽  
Z. A. Salzhanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Republic

. In the era of globalization, the development of countries with a small open economy largely depends on the intensity of using various forms of international economic relations, among which the competitiveness of each country plays a special role. At the present stage of development, the problem of competitiveness is central to the economic policy of the state. Creating competitive advantages over an opponent becomes a strategic direction of the state and its bodies and applies to all levels of the hierarchy: products (goods and services), enterprises, industries, regions and the country as a whole, but the country's competitiveness is of particular importance. The competiti-veness of the region is determined in comparison with other similar facilities. This characteristic refers to estimated indicators, therefore, it assumes, along with the subject and subject of the assessment, the presence of certain criteria. Evaluation criteria (goals) may be the market position, the pace of development, the ability to pay for the borrowed funds received, consumer properties in relation to the price of the goods, etc.

THE POTENTIAL OF CUSTOMS PAYMENTS IN THE MODERN REALITIES OF TRADE RELATIONS WITH THE EAEU AND EU COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
I. A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
The State ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Important Regulator

Customs payments are an important regulator of the country's economic presence in foreign economic relations and trade relations. Customs receipts serve as a landmark indicator that provides the revenue side of the budget in its significant income, and also determine the place of the state in the system of the interna-tional division of labor and its corresponding place in the value chain. Customs duties (CD) act as a kind of regulator of the amount of goods imported into the territory of the state, taking into account the state and conditions of the domestic market and the country's balance of payments. The positive financial and economic multifactorial nature of CD is manifested in stimulating the optimization of the structure of imports of goods and services, and in addition, it can act as a tool to protect domestic producers from external competitors, and strengthen the state's trade balance.

scholarly journals Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform in the Developing World: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why?

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Coxhead ◽  
Corbett Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Subsidy Reform

Fossil fuel subsidies are widespread in developing countries, where reform efforts are often derailed by disputes over the likely distribution of gains and losses. The impacts of subsidy reform are transmitted to households through changes in energy prices and prices of other goods and services, as well as through factor earnings. Most empirical studies focus on consumer expenditures alone, and computable general equilibrium analyses typically report only total effects without decomposing them by source. Meanwhile, analytical models neglect important open-economy characteristics relevant to developing countries. In this paper, we develop an analytical model of a small open economy with a preexisting fossil fuel subsidy and identify direct and indirect impacts of subsidy reform on real household incomes. Our results, illustrated with data from Viet Nam, highlight two important drivers of distributional change: (i) the mix of tradable and nontradable goods, reflecting the structure of a trade-dependent economy; and (ii) household heterogeneity in sources of factor income.

scholarly journals Ethics, resource rent, environment and petroleum policy: the case of a small open economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Ola Honningdal Grytten ◽  
John Arngrim Hunnes
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
The People ◽  
Petroleum Resource ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Important Argument ◽  
Renewable Natural Resource

This paper contributes to the understanding of how the environment, ethics, values, and historical contingencies shape public policy. It explains the accomplishment of petroleum resource management in the small open economy of Norway. The study is conducted by mapping policy decisions and the arguments behind them regarding environmental and ethical issues. This is done by studying available governmental and parliamentary papers along with statements from politicians and central governmental officials. The paper also seeks to illuminate some of the decisions by quantitative measures. The paper firstly describes a model of Ricardian resource rent. Secondly, it investigates the set of values that were in place before the petroleum production started in the 1970s, as described in public documents. An important argument was to build a “qualitatively better society” for the benefit of the people. Thirdly, it traces the historical roots of these values by examining historical sources.The main findings are that success lies in understanding the ethics behind the environmental resource rent harvesting of this non-renewable natural resource. The paper concludes that the focus on the natural environment and resource rent management can be attributed to popular values built on historical traditions. According to them, the state and the trust between the state and its citizens played key roles in shaping the policy. The careful policy can be illustrated by the fact that Norway has managed to build one of the largest sovereign funds in the world worth USD 1,200 billion for use by future generations. Only 3% of its value, significantly less than its historical net profit, should be used annually.

scholarly journals Improving the environmental assessment of objects in the system of construction engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 01009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Bespalov ◽  
Ekaterina Kotlyarova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Environmental Criteria

The problem of maintaining the proper level of environmental safety in urban areas currently is not yet fully resolved. In this case, a special role at the level of impact on the environment is played by the industry of design, construction and operation of construction projects and urban facilities for various purposes. To solve this issue in our research, we identified and systematized the main characteristics of the groups, which largely determine the state of both individual objects of the urban environment and urban economy, and urbanized territories as a whole. As a result, groups of environmental, economic and social characteristics were obtained. In addition, we paid attention to the distribution of the importance of the evaluation criteria regarding the type of functional zone of the urbanized territory. Further in the article, we proposed to determine the environmental criteria based on the characteristics of the state of individual components of the surrounding urban environment and the characteristics of economic activity in the territory under consideration, causing qualitative changes in the state of this environment. Our research allows us to identify the dominant importance of the environmental criteria for a specific urbanized area and the need to take it into account at the initial design stage. At further stages, we intend to conduct scientific research to derive a dimensionless indicator based on the environmental criteria described above with the further development of an appropriate methodology, which will allow us to assess comprehensively the degree of construction projects and urban facilities for various purposes impact on the environmental safety of urbanized territories and develop appropriate measures for its optimization and reduction.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Propagation Effects of Remittances on the Vulnerability of External Trade of the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-120
Author(s):  
Mircea Diavor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Economy ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Analytical Tools

In the Republic of Moldova remittances have become a much-discussed subject, the country ranking among the economies with the highest share of remittances in terms of GDP. What is more, remittances, unlike FDI, external trade and other sources of income, seem to have a significant impact on economic growth. Republic of Moldova is a small open economy vulnerable to external shocks. We will examine the effect of remittances on the balance of trade by creating an econometric model. Am attempt has also been made to capture the positive and negative spillovers that migrants’ remittances have on a country’s socio-economic development. Within the research a variety of analytical tools are employed including Granger causality tests, unit root tests, coupled with a structural vector auto regression (SVAR), impulse response function (IRF) analyses and variance decomposition. We find that net trade and remittances are closely associated and follow an almost identical path. Remittances have strong effect on the growth of negative net trade of the Republic of Moldova.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC POLICY PECULIARITIES OF THE “HISTORICAL RIGHT” GOVERNMENTS OF THE KINGDOM OF ITALY (1861-1876)

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
M. Mykhailenko M. Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Further Development

This research analyses the economic policies peculiarities of the “historical right” governments of the Kingdom of Italy from the first stage of the unification of this country into a single nation state and rise of the “historical right” governments to power till the transfer of power to the “historical left”. It also specifies the main directions of economic reforms in a certain period of time and their impact on the further development of the state. The research establishes that the liberal economic model for country’s development chosen by its leadership at the very beginning allowed to quickly create the domestic market of goods and services, establish fruitful foreign economic relations with the greatest economic powers of that time and attract foreign investments into the Kingdom, promoting the development of the Kingdom’s agricultural sector and accumulating a substantial capital within the country. However, given the significant economic backwardness of the states of the Apennine peninsula before the unification and the actual abolition of customs barriers in trade with more powerful European countries after 1861, it had a negative impact on the country’s weak industry and deepened the distortion of development along the north-south line. The undeniable achievement of the "historical right" governments in the fiscal policy was the overcoming of the huge deficit of the state budget before 1876.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT CONDITION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (391) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
A. Azimkhan ◽  
R.B. Sartova ◽  
А.К. Bakpayeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

This article has the aim to explore the policy of supporting of small and medium-sized businesses. Over the years, the independent states have managed the problems of the economy. The contribution of small businesses to the economy, the replenishment of revenue items in budgets of the different levels, and the creation of new jobs have become one of the decisive factors of the development in the states. Small and medium-sized businesses significantly contribute to the formation of the competitive environment and the establishment of market balance. Currently, small and medium-sized businesses represent fairly powerful social stratum of the society, real and serious economic force. At the present stage, the relationship between business and government has acquired the special role, improving the technology of their interaction; the problem of self-organization of the business community is relevant today as it was only few years ago. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the fundamental link that determines the state level of development in order to ensure sustainable economic growth. This sector of the economy has huge potential for solving many problems of the economic growth of the state, such as undeveloped competition, inefficient use of material and non-material resources, dependence of the domestic demand on imports, unemployment, poverty, etc. Issues of SMEs development in the Republic of Kazakhstan are among the most important and highest state level.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF POST COVID-19 PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gorobievschi ◽  
◽  
Tudor Costru ◽  
Raisa Puia ◽  
Alina Ungureanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Special Role ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic

The phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the whole globe, the consequences of which are long lasting and difficult to estimate. The Republic of Moldova, being a developing country, could not overcome these serious consequences, caused by the reduction of public health, the reduction of the work capacity of the population, the deplorable condition of the medical system, caused by small investments in health, etc. Human society has been put to hard tests of survival of patients with this virus, the incidence rate of diseases was about 11%. Thanks to the financial aid of the European Union, Romania and other countries, the Republic of Moldova managed to cope with things in the fight against Covid. This article presents the results of the research of the authors, participants of the national project "Assessment of health of post – COVID - 19 patients in the Republic of Moldova", which aimed to develop the Electronic Register of patients with Covid - 19 (March 2020 - June 2021), which will allow monitoring the process of treatment and recovery of the consequences of this disease, by assessing the state of health and quality of life both at admission and at discharge of the respective patients. Based on the concept of quality of life as a socio-economic category and its interconnections with health, the authors proposed the system of medical indicators to assess the health and quality of life of patients affected by covid. In the authors' opinion, a special role in the treatment and treatment of comorbidities belongs to comorbidities, so the authors selected them as separate study subjects to prove their negative impact on the form of the disease and the state of health and quality of life at discharge of patients.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF EXPORT AND IMPORT OF GOODS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
V. A. Kardanov ◽  
V. N. Kulik ◽  
T. A. Petrova ◽  
V. V. Vulshonok
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Main Task ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Near Future

The issues related to the analysis of export and import of goods between two neighboring states: the Republic of Poland and the Russian Federation have been examined. Relations between the EU countries and Russia to date have been in a significant crisis. Cooperation in the economic field is reduced in the context of mutual sanctions. According to the authors, for the Russian Federation in the near future the main task should be set – economic rapprochement with the countries of the European Union and further negotiations on easing mutual sanctions, since these and other reasons significantly complicate the countertrade in goods and services and impede European integration. It is obvious, that European companies are also interested in normalizing commercial and economic relations. The limitations of non-tariff regulation in foreign trade have been considered also in the paper. It has been concluded on the need to gradually mitigate restrictive measures. And efforts in this direction should be made by both the Russian Federation and the member States of the European Union, including the Republic of Poland.

scholarly journals Financial security of a small open economy in conditions of globalization as a requirement for economic growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Piotr Komorowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Special Significance

In the conditions of the globalization of economies the issue of financial stability, which is a condition for the economic security of the state, has acquired a special significance. The aim of the article is to determine the importance of the role of financial stability for maintaining economic security and economic growth and to validate the role of the Safety Network Institution in maintaining stability.

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