scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC POLICY PECULIARITIES OF THE “HISTORICAL RIGHT” GOVERNMENTS OF THE KINGDOM OF ITALY (1861-1876)

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
M. Mykhailenko M. Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Further Development

This research analyses the economic policies peculiarities of the “historical right” governments of the Kingdom of Italy from the first stage of the unification of this country into a single nation state and rise of the “historical right” governments to power till the transfer of power to the “historical left”. It also specifies the main directions of economic reforms in a certain period of time and their impact on the further development of the state. The research establishes that the liberal economic model for country’s development chosen by its leadership at the very beginning allowed to quickly create the domestic market of goods and services, establish fruitful foreign economic relations with the greatest economic powers of that time and attract foreign investments into the Kingdom, promoting the development of the Kingdom’s agricultural sector and accumulating a substantial capital within the country. However, given the significant economic backwardness of the states of the Apennine peninsula before the unification and the actual abolition of customs barriers in trade with more powerful European countries after 1861, it had a negative impact on the country’s weak industry and deepened the distortion of development along the north-south line. The undeniable achievement of the "historical right" governments in the fiscal policy was the overcoming of the huge deficit of the state budget before 1876.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF FINANCING OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-85
Author(s):  
Nataliia POKHYLENKO ◽  
Roman KORINETS
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
State Financing ◽  
State Programs

The article analyzes the current state of financial support for socially oriented extension services in Ukraine in order to identify the obstacles to stability and regularity of its implementation. It has been established on the basis of statistical data, that the financing of such activities from the state budget has a downward trend. Its volumes are tens of thousands of times less than similar budgetary expenditures in post-socialist countries that are currently EU members. The results of a survey of representatives of consulting services showed that the reason for the low activity of the registered agricultural extension services in the implementation of state programs to support agricultural producers and, accordingly, the incomplete development of the allocated funds are the scarcity, unpredictability and instability of state support for agricultural extension activities, the weakness of the coherence between themselves of the state programs, aimed at the development of the agricultural sector of economy. There is also a lack of understanding of the importance of agricultural extension by local government representatives. It is proved that conservatism in the introduction of innovations by owners of small farms, low level of awareness of agricultural extension, significant distance of advisory centers from potential customers, low income of the rural population minimize their ability to pay for commercial advisory services. It is established that financial and organizational difficulties have a significant negative impact on the psychological aspects of counseling. Advisors declare a lack of faith in their own strength. The results of the study allow us to assert that the formation of stable, simple and clear rules for long term state financing of agricultural extension activities and the absolute abidance of such rules by state institutions will help to increase the sustainability of financial support for agricultural extension activities in Ukraine.

THE POTENTIAL OF CUSTOMS PAYMENTS IN THE MODERN REALITIES OF TRADE RELATIONS WITH THE EAEU AND EU COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
I. A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
The State ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Important Regulator

Customs payments are an important regulator of the country's economic presence in foreign economic relations and trade relations. Customs receipts serve as a landmark indicator that provides the revenue side of the budget in its significant income, and also determine the place of the state in the system of the interna-tional division of labor and its corresponding place in the value chain. Customs duties (CD) act as a kind of regulator of the amount of goods imported into the territory of the state, taking into account the state and conditions of the domestic market and the country's balance of payments. The positive financial and economic multifactorial nature of CD is manifested in stimulating the optimization of the structure of imports of goods and services, and in addition, it can act as a tool to protect domestic producers from external competitors, and strengthen the state's trade balance.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL BUSINESS IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Iryna Skorokhod ◽  
Lyudmyla Hrynchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Status ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. The article deals the impact of European integration on the development of ecological business in Ukraine. The Association of Ukraine and the EU implies adaptation and reforms not only in economy, but also in others areas, including ecology. The factors of influence and their consequences on the development of environmental business in the state are investigated. The main obstacles for using the experience of the EU countries are highlighted. Prospects of further using of "green enterprise" methods in Ukraine are considered. Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the essence, forms, stages of formation and innovative forms of the ecological business; to analyze the experience of ecological business and its regulation in the EU countries; to characterize the status and the impact of European integration on ecological business in Ukraine. Method (methodology). Methods of analogy and comparison are used in the study of problematic aspects of Ukraine and the EU in the field of ecology. Statistical methods are used for analyzing the dynamics of indicators of the development of ecological business in the state. Systematic approach is used for explaining strategic guidelines and identifying further promising ways for the development of ecological business in Ukraine. Results. The main aspects of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU have been analyzed. The main directions of further development of common cooperation have been singled out. The proposals of improving the position of Ukrainian eco-goods and services on the European market have been substantiated.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF UNBALANCED STATE BUDGET OF UKRAINE: ANALYSIS OF OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE FACTORS OF BUDGET REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Zahidna ◽  
◽  
Vasylyna Ignatyshyna ◽  
Uliana Skydan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

A significant place in the social and economic development of each country belongs to the problems of the budget, because the budget belongs to the sphere of public life that directly affects the interests of all members of society. The budget of any country reflects the important economic, social and political problems of the state and each person in particular. At the same time, the successful solution of budget problems is possible only if a proper understanding of its essence, role and place in the system of economic relations. For any country, the state budget is the main link in the financial system. As part of this system, it combines the main financial categories: income and expenditure of the country, the tax system, public credit, public debt in their closest coexistence. The budget as a financial plan of public expenditures and sources of their coverage plays an important role in the activities of the state. It determines its capabilities and development priorities, its role and forms of implementation of the functions assigned to it. It is an effective regulator of that economy reflects the amount of financial resources required by the state, determines specific areas of use of funds, directs the financial activities of the state. The article analyzes and defines the essence of revenues and expenditures of the state budget. The state and dynamics of state budget revenues and budget expenditures are studied. A comparison of state budget revenues and expenditures was made and it was investigated that expenditures significantly exceed revenues, and therefore the state budget is in deficit. The factors of formation of revenues and expenditures of the state budget at the present stage are determined. The dynamics of GDP growth rates and state revenues are analyzed budget, as well as the impact of GDP on the state budget. The peculiarities of the influence of the foreign trade factor on the revenues and expenditures of the state budget are determined. The influence and shares of exports and imports in the state budget revenues are studied. The current problems of imbalance of the state budget and the causes of the state budget deficit are identified. Ways to balance revenues and expenditures at the present stage are proposed. The dynamics of indicators of export and import of Ukraine is analyzed. The problems of Ukraine 's foreign trade at the present stage are investigated and perspective directions of improvement of the existing state of the export – import policy of the state are determined.

scholarly journals METHODS AND WAYS OF ASSESSMENT OF LOSSES FROM CORRUPTION THEFT IN PUBLIC SECTOR OF ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Aleksandrovich Konovalenko ◽  
Georgy Ismaylovich Harada ◽  
Nazirkhan Gadzhievich Gadzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government

Implementation of the decisions made in the course of management of economic and socio-political development of the state causes the adequate financial flows forming the budgetary sphere of the state. The trouble in this sphere does not allow to provide the necessary level of economic growth, hampers reforming of the economy, makes negative impact on commercial and foreign economic activity, interferes with improvement of monetary and credit, tax, insurance and other spheres of the financial system of the Russian Federation. The offenses connected with corruption and theft of budget funds committed by officials at various levels significantly undermine the authority of the government, cause a growth of discontent of society and impact the social and economic situation in the country. The practice of identifying the offenses connected with theft of public funds and property shows that practically all spheres of the public sector of economy are, to a greater or lesser extent, subject to the risks of such crimes commitment. In this regard, a research of methods and ways of assessment of corruption theft amount in the public sector of the economy is an important and hot topic. The main types of public funds theft have been analyzed, including theft of budget funds allocated in the form of grants for targeted measures; theft by overcharging the prices of goods and services used for the state needs; the acquisition of inventory for personal use of the heads of public companies at the expense of the company, etc. The dynamics of the amount of budget crimes in the Ryazan region has been analyzed. It was inferred that corruption crimes in the public sector of the Ryazan region include fraud, abuse of power, abuse of authority, illegal participation in business, as well as taking bribes. A set of measures for preventing the above crimes has been proposed.

scholarly journals The State Regulation of the Hotel and Restaurant Business in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (520) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
V. О. Martynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
State Support ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Further Development

The axiom of present is that Ukraine has a very difficult situation in the sphere of hotel and restaurant business caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation has developed not only due to the underdevelopment of this sphere, also because of the significant shortcomings in the system of the State regulation of entrepreneurial activity in the pandemic, which makes this issue a topical scientific problem. The publication is aimed at analyzing the extant status of operation of the hotel and restaurant business under quarantine restrictions, as well as developing proposals for providing the State support to business entities in order to minimize losses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Theoretical and methodological grounds of research are the basic principles of development of hotel and restaurant business in a crisis, scientific works of Ukrainian scholars. The following methods were used in the course of the research: logical-juristic (to analyze the legislation of Ukraine on measures of the State support for business entities in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic); systematization (defining forms of the State aid); hypotheses and assumptions (in the preparation of proposals for further regulation of the provision of the State support to the hotel and restaurant business). As a result of the research, it is determined that the introduced support measures on the part of the State allowed to reduce the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hotel and restaurant sector for the short-term period only. Renewal and further development of this sphere is impossible without the introduction of new approaches to the relations between the State and business, which have established determined in Ukrainian society, without increasing the social consciousness of business and increasing the level of its contact with public authorities. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to improve the system of adjustment of efforts of the State authorities, local self-government bodies and business entities in this sphere.

Measures of financial control over the development of united territorial communities

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Taras H. Vasyltsiv ◽  
Olha P. Mulska ◽  
Yuliya K. Shopska
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Financial Capacity ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Further Development

The purpose of the article is to substantiate new measures of financial control over the development of united territorial communities. The article examines the relevance of the introduction of a system of financial control over the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine. The authors prove that the main goal of proper financial control of the further development of the united territorial communities in Ukraine was actualized for the three reasons: rational distribution and efficient use of financial resources; ensuring the upward dynamics and territories’ sustainable development. The features, goals, and objectives of financial control of the development of territorial communities are outlined. The essence of the concept of financial control of the development of territorial communities is specified. The results of the analysis of several indicators of financial development of the united territorial communities in Lviv region are given and the conclusion about the disproportions of financial support of community development is systematized. The author's methodological approach to the analysis of the integral coefficient of financial capacity of territorial communities of the region is developed. The analysis of the state of financial capacity of the united territorial communities in Lviv region is carried out. The scientific novelty of the research lies in substantiating the author's methodological approaches to grouping and comparative analysis of united territorial communities based on indicators of income and expenditure, grants and subventions from the state budget, which allowed to identify the level of financial capacity and assess the effectiveness of the use of financial resources in each united territorial community in Lviv region. The practical significance of the research is that the implementation of the results of the financial capacity analysis can be used as informative and analytical measures of financial control over the development of local communities. Other perspective guidelines concerning measures of improvement of financial control in the processes of social and economic development of communities are outlined.

Economic expertise as a tool to counter the shadow economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
С.В. Банк ◽  
В.Ф. Вакуленко
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Almost All

Теневая экономика проникает практически во все экономические сферы жизнедеятельности общества. Она включает в себя различные экономические отношения, которые находятся за рамками закона в областях производства, потребления, обмена и распределения. Воспрепятствование теневой экономике, предстающей одной из базовых угроз экономической безопасности страны, есть необычайно актуальное явление в настоящее время. Современное состояние сектора теневой экономики в России весьма динамично развивается, что влечет за собой негативное воздействие на социально-экономическое положение государства. В основном, это относится к представителям малого и среднего бизнеса, который занимается предоставлением услуг и производством разнообразных товаров. Актуальность избранной тематики заключается в том, что сейчас в России большой процент теневых доходов, тогда, как эти деньги могли быть направлены на становление и развитие МСП, особенно во времена обостренной пандемии, что позволило бы минимизировать экономическую напряженность и нарастить результативность государственных финансов. The shadow economy penetrates almost all economic spheres of society. It includes various economic relations that are outside the scope of the law in the areas of production, consumption, exchange and distribution. The obstruction of the shadow economy, which appears to be one of the basic threats to the economic security of the country, is an extremely relevant phenomenon at the present time. The current state of the shadow economy sector in Russia is developing very dynamically, which entails a negative impact on the socio-economic situation of the state. This mainly applies to representatives of small and medium-sized businesses that provide services and produce a variety of goods. The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that now there is a large percentage of shadow income in Russia, while this money could be used for the formation and development of SMEs, especially during times of an acute pandemic, which would minimize economic tension and increase the effectiveness of public finances.

scholarly journals REASONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
E. Nikitchenko ◽  
A. Bukhtiarova
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Difficult Times

The shadow economy has been an integral part of society since the beginning of economic relations. With each stage of society’s development, it becomes an increasing problem and has more and more destructive consequences. Shadow processes pose a significant threat to the national economy of Ukraine. Besides, this problem is a marker of unresolved issues in the marketplace and its governance structure, as each question has its cause. That is why addressing the shadow economy is such an essential step in improving the country’s economic situation in difficult times of crisis. It is clear that the complete overcoming of shadowing processes is a perfect idea, but still, control over this phenomenon must be of high quality. The primary purpose of the study is to highlight the main factors of shadowing for the active form of tools to combat the shadow economy. During the review of the material, a causal relationship was structured and identified by the topic, and a method for normalizing the shadow economy was developed. It has been found that the shadow economy is the result, a specific socio-economic response to incorrect economic policies. It is also established that the tax burden is one of the leading factors in the transition of part of the company’s activities into the shadows. Improper distribution of the tax burden significantly reduces the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses in the goods and services market. It is also concluded that the shadow economy is a particular shock absorber of social inequality, namely the large gap between the poor and the wealthy. Hence, the shadow economy provides lower-priced goods that are more affordable for the poor. It has also been found that corruption also plays a massive role in this issue. It provokes the shadow economy as an effect on social and legal inequality and often the inability of the enterprise to survive without ties to the administrative apparatus. The shadow economy is a reaction to imperfect antitrust policies, where small businesses are less competitive and often cannot enter the market at all. Methods for stabilizing the level of the country’s shadow economy have also been developed and proposed.

scholarly journals GEOSYSTEM MONITORING OF DEFORESTATION IN THE CHERNIHIV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Evgeny Sakhno ◽  
◽  
Oleksiі Tereshchuk ◽  
Yanchenko Oleg ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Study Guides ◽  
Village Council ◽  
Environmental Measures

Urgency of the research. The process of constructing modern forest monitoring systems, the development of technical facilities, high frequency, efficiency and availability of remote sensing materials allow realize the tasks the tasks of effective control of the modern environment. The experience gained by domestic experts allows us to use the results of processing these images to calculate changes in forest areas, determining the types of forests, their species composition and age mainly at the regional level. The deterioration of forests in Ukraine today is one of the most pressing problems, the solution of which is quite effective with the use of modern systems of geosystem environmental monitoring. Target setting. At the current stage of Ukraine's development, there is a problem of monitoring the country's forests, since at the same time, illegal deforestation has increased, which carries threats to the country's ecology and increases the level of corruption and financial losses of the state budget. The estimation of the number of forests of the Pukul village council of Chernihiv oblast was estimated from 2000 to 2017 using the Global Forest Watch service as well as using the ArcMap geodetic software product. After the performed measurements, it is possible to estimate the state of the forest complex of the research site and to propose measures for elimination of the revealed problems. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The latest publications on this topic, which are presented in open access, including scientific journals, study guides and data from the global Internet network, were reviewed. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The processes of organization and monitoring of forests should be considered as a single information complex, which makes it possible to assess the state of the country and determine the size of forest plantations and, most importantly, illegal logging, which will affect the environmental and financial situation in the state. And in order to prevent the negative impact of deforestation on the environment, it is necessary to use modern geoinformation software complexes, which allow to estimate the scale of forest areas fairly quickly and precisely and to decide on environmental measures for effective management in forests of Ukraine. The research objective. It is quite effective to use the open system of "Global Forest Watch" for monitoring of forest areas in Ukraine because it enables to determine the chosen site in a certain territory, but the systems do not give data on the areas of each cut area, therefore to get such parameters it is suggested to use the software ArcMap on the basis base map, which enables the data from attribute tables to determine the area of each individual cutting area of the forest. The statement of basic materials. The area of forest plantations with an area of 6200 ha was chosen for forest monitoring in the Chernihiv district of the Pukulsky village council. The monitoring was carried out using the open system "Global Forest Watch", since it enables to determine the amount of forest plantations in the selected area, and then for obtaining more accurate data on the area of forest plantations, the parameters were adapted to the ArcMap software based on the base map, which makes it possible to estimate the area forest areas of cut and planted forest for the selected period of time. Conclusions. Based on the performed researches, it was established that for monitoring of forest plantations in Ukraine it is quite effective to use the open system "Global Forest Watch", which combines data from different sources. This system helps to determine forest areas in the country and their location in the regions of the state. However, in order to improve the accuracy of determining the areas of cuttings and re-planted, it is recommended to use the ArcMap software package, which enables to increase the monitoring of the forest and prevent illegal felling of forest areas.

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