scholarly journals Covid-19 current advice for pathologists

Pathologica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
John Firth
Keyword(s):  
Current Advice

scholarly journals Predicting the effect of decompression sickness on survival following submarine tower escape

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff A.M. Loveman ◽  
Joel J.E. Edney
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Subject Matter Expert ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Predicted Probability ◽  
Standard Probability ◽  
Current Advice

Purpose The purpose of the present study was the development of a methodology for translating predicted rates of decompression sickness (DCS), following tower escape from a sunken submarine, into predicted probability of survival, a more useful statistic for making operational decisions. Design/methodology/approach Predictions were made, using existing models, for the probabilities of a range of DCS symptoms following submarine tower escape. Subject matter expert estimates of the effect of these symptoms on a submariner’s ability to survive in benign weather conditions on the sea surface until rescued were combined with the likelihoods of the different symptoms occurring using standard probability theory. Plots were generated showing the dependence of predicted probability of survival following escape on the escape depth and the pressure within the stricken submarine. Findings Current advice on whether to attempt tower escape is based on avoiding rates of DCS above approximately 5%–10%. Consideration of predicted survival rates, based on subject matter expert opinion, suggests that the current advice might be considered as conservative in the distressed submarine scenario, as DCS rates of 10% are not anticipated to markedly affect survival rates. Originality/value According to the authors’ knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to quantify the effect of different DCS symptoms on the probability of survival in submarine tower escape.

scholarly journals Evaluating the use of benzodiazepines following recent bereavement

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Warner ◽  
Chris Metcalfe ◽  
Michael King
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Controlled Evaluation ◽  
Current Advice

BackgroundThere is no evidence to support current advice not to use benzodiazepines after bereavement.AimsTo determine the role of benzodiazepines in the management of bereavement.MethodWe conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the use of diazepam after recent bereavement. Participants were randomised to either 2 mg diazepam or identically packaged placebo up to three times daily. The primary outcome measure was the Bereavement Phenomenology Questionnaire.ResultsThirty subjects were randomised. No evidence was found of an effect of benzodiazepines on the course of the first 6 months of bereavement (estimated mean difference of combined follow-up assessments=0.3 in favour of placebo; 95% CI –6.2 to +6.7).ConclusionWe found no evidence of a positive or negative effect of benzodiazepines on the course of bereavement.

scholarly journals Effects of dry period length on follicular dynamics in early lactating Holstein cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
A Soleimani ◽  
A Heravi Moussavi ◽  
M Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
S Safa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Management Change ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Current Advice ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

For profitable production of milk, a nonlactating or dry period is established between lactations of dairy cow. There has been substantial recent interest in shortening dry periods. Physiological studies show that the changes the udder goes through to prepare for the next lactation take about three weeks, and yet current advice is that the most appropriate dry period for a modern dairy cow is 45 to 60 days. More recent studies show good reason to question that advice, and suggest dry periods of 30 to 35 days have no detrimental effect on production, but information relating the effects of dry period to subsequent reproductive performance of lactating cows is sparse (Grummer, 2007). Also, the effect of this management change on follicular dynamic has not been adequately evaluated. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of dry period length on follicular dynamics in early lactating Holstein cows.

Radon and Lung Cancer in Cornwall and Devon

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1361-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Advice

The relationship between average indoor levels of radon and lung cancer mortality in the counties of Cornwall and Devon, England, are investigated. The associations of population density, social-class distribution, and regional smoking prevalence with lung cancer mortality in the local-authority districts of England and Wales were estimated by regression analysis. Low rates of lung cancer in Cornwall and Devon were predicted from the relationship. The differences between observed and predicted mortality in Cornwall and Devon districts were compared with average indoor levels of radon, which varied considerably between districts. Residual variations in lung cancer mortality were not significantly correlated with average indoor radon measurements. The current advice of the National Radiological Protection Board to government is to concentrate radon measurements, remedial action, and preventive action principally on Cornwall and Devon, but cross-sectional geographical data do not support the hypothesis that raised levels of radon indoors in southwest England have an important effect on lung cancer mortality.

Health advice in pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Medforth ◽  
Linda Ball ◽  
Angela Walker ◽  
Sue Battersby ◽  
Sarah Stables
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Gain Body Mass ◽  
Current Advice ◽  
In Pregnancy

This chapter begins with a discussion of the concepts of fetal programming and epigenetics and the relevance of both to health advice in pregnancy. The topics of smoking (including e-cigarettes), alcohol intake, diet and nutrition, weight gain, body mass index, food safety, folic acid, iron and vitamin D supplementation, nut allergies, exercise, and employment during pregnancy are each covered in depth. The current advice and guidance which should be given to women and their families during pregnancy relative to each topic are also discussed.

scholarly journals Is advice for breakfast consumption justified? Results from a short-term dietary and metabolic experiment in young healthy men

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambroise Martin ◽  
Sylvie Normand ◽  
Monique Sothier ◽  
Jocelyne Peyrat ◽  
Corinne Louche-Pelissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Macronutrient Composition ◽  
Triacylglycerol Concentration ◽  
Current Advice ◽  
Blood Variables

Short-term (2 weeks) effects of the consumption of a high-energy (2920 kJ (700 kcal)) or low-energy (418 kJ (100 kcal)) breakfast on dietary patterns, blood variables and energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry) were compared in ten free-living healthy young men in a crossover study. During the high-energy breakfast, total energy intake was increased, the intake of protein and lipids was unchanged but the intake of carbohydrates was increased. Thus, 48 (SD 4) % OF ENERGY CAME FROM CARBOHYDRATES IN THE HIGH-ENERGY BREAKFAST COMPARED WITH 42 (sd 5) % in the low-energy breakfast. Excluding breakfast, the macronutrient composition of the diet remained identical in the two situations. After the high-energy breakfast, fasting serum triacylglycerol concentration was higher and HDL-cholesterol concentration was lower than after the low-energy breakfast. A high glycaemic response was observed in the morning after the high-energy breakfast period, while there was a peak of free fatty acids after the low-energy breakfast. The high-energy breakfast induced a strong inhibition of fat oxidation throughout the day. Although long-term adaptation to a high-energy breakfast cannot be excluded, the high-energy breakfast in this study did not appear to be favourable to health. Our results do not support the current advice to consume more energy at breakfast.

Potential contaminants in rainwater after a bushfire

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Kirstin E. Ross, PhD ◽  
Harriet Whiley, PhD ◽  
Emmanuel Chubaka, MEnvSci, PhD Candidate ◽  
Malinda Steenkamp, PhD ◽  
Paul Arbon, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Treated Timber ◽  
Copper Arsenate ◽  
Current Advice ◽  
Tank Water ◽  
Rainwater Tanks

Using roof harvested rainwater held in domestic rainwater tanks is a common practice in Australia, particularly in rural areas. This rainwater might become contaminated with ash and other contaminants during or after a bushfire. Current advice from Australian Health Departments can include the recommendation that landholders drain their tanks after a bushfire, which can cause additional distress to landholders who have already been through a traumatic event. This study created artificially contaminated water, spiked with chemicals likely to be associated with bushfires, including chromated copper arsenate-treated timber ash and firefighting foam to determine the possibility of contamination. The authors also tested two readily available filter systems and found that they removed some but not all contaminants. The artificially created contaminated water fell within guidelines for nonpotable uses such as irrigation and stock watering. This suggests that advice to landholders should be that tank water following a bushfire is likely to be safe for use for purposes apart from drinking. Landholders should be encouraged to retain and use their water for recovery purposes, but not for potable use.

Healthy rabbits and communicating with owners

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Claire Speight
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Preventative Health ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Specific Care ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Preventative Health Care ◽  
Current Advice

Rabbits need species-specific care, in order to meet their health, welfare and behavioural needs. Preventative health care is imperative to help keep rabbits healthy. Advice needs to be given to owners on their rabbit's dietary requirements, and why hay and grass is imperative as the bulk of their diet. Vaccinations to help prevent myxomatosis and rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease (RVHD1 and RVHD2) should be advised for all rabbits, including house rabbits. Rabbits require adequate space and the companionship of another rabbit to live a good quality life. They should have access to an exercise area, and have the choice of where to spend their time, without the need to be picked up and moved from a hutch to a run. Many owners will look to veterinary nurses for current advice, and it is important that nurses feel confident in offering the most up-to-date information. At times, it may be that owners need to make changes to the way they care for their rabbits, and being confident in explaining why these need to be implemented, and the positive effects these will have on the rabbit's life, is vital.

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