Intuitionistic fuzzy incidence graphs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Irfan Nazeer ◽  
Ismat Rashid ◽  
Tabasam Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Extended Structure ◽  
Fundamental Structure ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Different Types

Connectivity parameters have a crucial role in the study of different networks in the physical world. The notion of connectivity plays a key role in both theory and application of different graphs. In this article, a prime idea of connectivity concepts in intuitionistic fuzzy incidence graphs (IFIGs) with various examples is examined. IFIGs are essential in interconnection networks with influenced flows. Therefore, it is of paramount significance to inspect their connectivity characteristics. IFIGs is an extended structure of fuzzy incidence graphs (FIGs). Depending on the strength of a pair, this paper classifies three different types of pairs such as an α - strong, β - strong, and δ-pair. The benefit of this kind of stratification is that it helps to comprehend the fundamental structure of an IFIG thoroughly. The existence of a strong intuitionistic fuzzy incidence path among vertex, edge, and pair of an IFIG is established. Intuitionistic fuzzy incidence cut pairs (IFICPs) and intuitionistic fuzzy incidence trees (IFIT) are characterized using the idea of strong pairs (SPs). Complete IFIG is defined, and various other structural properties of IFIGs are also investigated. The proof that complete IFIG does not contain any δ-pair is also provided. A real-life application of these concepts related to the network of different computers is also provided.

scholarly journals Code-switching and screen translation in British and American films and their Italian dubbed version: a socio-linguistic and pragmatic perspective

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Monti
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Film Scripts ◽  
Lost In Translation

Much attention has been recently focused on exploring how a language shapes its speakers’ identity in multiethnic contexts of interaction (Carter, 2004), where linguistic identities are constantly open to renegotiation, reconstruction and reinterpretation. From this perspective, multicultural audiovisual products prove to be one of the most apt media to represent the richness and complexity of real-life multilingual realities (Bleichenbacher, 2008) within which code-switching plays a crucial role. Starting from these assumptions, this paper sets out to investigate the conversational functions code-switching fulfils in two British and two American intercultural films: Bend it Like Beckham (Chadha, 2002), Ae Fond Kiss (Loach, 2004), Spanglish (Brooks, 2004) and Gran Torino (Eastwood, 2008), where it is functional both to plot development and to the bilingual immigrants’ characterisation (Wahl 2008). In establishing a specific socio-linguistic and pragmatic framing within which code-switching seems to operate in audiovisual products, the film scripts will be analysed: looking contrastively, in both the original and the Italian dubbed version, at the translation strategies of the different types of code-switching; focusing on the scenes where code-switching emphasizes the competing visions of the world held by the two generations (Myers-Scotton, 1993); pointing out which functions of code-switching are encoded in the Italian version and which ones are lost in translation; showing what can be achieved by both dubbing and subtitling in terms of transcultural transmission in conveying the “translaguaging space” (Wei, 2011, p. 1222) the immigrant characters live in.

A Review of Different Techniques of Age Estimation from Human Face

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Khemchandra Patel ◽  
Dr. Kamlesh Namdev
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Missing Children ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Age Variation ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
Facial Age

Age changes cause major variations in the appearance of human faces. Due to many lifestyle factors, it is difficult to precisely predict how individuals may look with advancing years or how they looked with "retreating" years. This paper is a review of age variation methods and techniques, which is useful to capture wanted fugitives, finding missing children, updating employee databases, enhance powerful visual effect in film, television, gaming field. Currently there are many different methods available for age variation. Each has their own advantages and purpose. Because of its real life applications, researchers have shown great interest in automatic facial age estimation. In this paper, different age variation methods with their prospects are reviewed. This paper highlights latest methodologies and feature extraction methods used by researchers to estimate age. Different types of classifiers used in this domain have also been discussed.

Les représentations des enfants de 5-6 ans sur la fusion et la solidification du sel, comme support pour le déploiement des activités didactiques

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Ravanis
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
School Children ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Open Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Conversations ◽  
Melting And Solidification

The representation of the properties and phenomena of the physical world exists from the beginning of life, as a first datum of reality. In several studies focused on children's representations we find that these representations these representations are critical to education and are often incompatible with the scientific model. This article presents the results of an empirical research on the representations of young children for melting and solidification of salt. The research sample consisted of 79 pre-school children (five to six years old) from one state kindergarten in Greece. Data were collected through expanded, open type, semi-structured individual conversations between a child of the sample and one researcher. The results of the interviews show that these children use different types of representations, the majority dominated by the nature of the substance under study.

التفسير الموضوعي للقرآن الكريم: مجالاته ومنهجية البحث فيه (Thematic Interpretation of the Qur’Én: Its Scopes & Methodology), (TafsÊr MauÌË‘Ê: Aspek-aspek dan Metodologi Kajian)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
فتحي بن جمعة أحمد
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Thematic Unity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Significant Area

ملخص البحث تعدّ هذه المحاولة في دراسة مجالات التفسير الموضوعي ومنهجية البحث فيه  مفتاحا لبعض القضايا المتعلقة بالموضوع، ومدخلا لدراسة التفسير الموضوعي يسهل على طلاب العلم والباحثين فهم كلام الله، وتدبر معانيه، والاهتداء به، والقيام ببحوث تطبيقية في مجالات التفسير الموضوعي. فقد بينت أن مجالات البحث في التفسير الموضوعي أربعة وهي البحث في المصطلح، والموضوع، والمحاور، والوحدة الموضوعيّة في السورة القرآنيّة. وقد أكدت أن البحث في محاور القرآن الكريم من مجالات البحث في التفسير الموضوعي التي لم تحظَ باهتمام الباحثين، ثم توسعت في سوق الأدلة والبراهين الدالة على أن الوحدة الموضوعية للسورة القرآنيّة مجال أساس من مجالات البحث في التفسير الموضوعي الذي لا ينبغي إغفاله، وإهمال شأنه. ثم بحثت في موضوع منهجيّة البحث في التفسير الموضوعي، ونظراً للخلط أوالاضطراب الذي بدا لدى بعض الباحثين في هذا الصدد، وضحت المقدمات المنهجيّة العامة الضرورية للبحث في التفسير الموضوعي ثم حاولت رسم الإطار التصوري والمنهجي العام والضوابط الأساسية التي يجب أن يتبعها الباحث إذا أراد الكتابة في التفسير الموضوعي. ثم بيّنت الخطوات الأساسيّة للبحث في التفسير الموضوعي ومنها حرية الباحث في اختيار موضوع بحثه والاطلاع على أكبر عدد ممكن من التفاسير بمختلف أنواعها مع الاستفادة من التراث البشري في حقول المعرفة المتنوعة على أن تكون الهيمنة للقرآن أولا وأخيرا على الكتب الأخرى والنظريات البشرية. الكلمات الرئيسة: القرآن، تفسير، موضوعي، مجالات، منهج. Abstract This article is an attempt to address the issue of the scopes and research methodology in the thematic commentary of the Holy Qur’Én. It could be considered as an introductory work for students and researchers who are interested in this field of research which will help them develop a good understanding of the meanings and teachings of the Qur’Én and its application to the real life. It may also help them undertake case studies and research in the field of thematic commentary of the Qur’Én. It has been explained in the article that the scope of the thematic commentary of the Qur’Én includes four areas; i.e. the concept, the topic, the central themes and the thematic unity of the SËrah/Chapter. The article gives a special emphasis on the study of the Qur’Énic central themes as it was overlooked by some researchers. It also provides a systematic investigation on the thematic unity of the SËrah/Chapter and considers it a significant area of research in the thematic commentary of the Qur’Én. The article also addresses the issue of the research methodology in the field of the thematic commentary of the Qur’Én. In this regard, the author highlights the principles, conditions and framework for undertaking research projects in this field of study and explains the major steps that should be followed in the execution of the research. These steps include freedom of choosing the research topic, freedom of benefitting from different types of tafsÊr (interpretation of the Qur’Én) works and schools and benefitting from the human heritage in different fields of knowledge, provided that the Qur’Én should have controlling power on other books and human theories.   Key Words: The Qur’Én, TafsÊr, Thematic, Scopes, Methodology. Abstrak Artikel ini ialah satu percubaan menangani isu  skop dan metodologi penyelidikan dalam tafsiran Al-Qur’Én Holy mengikut tema. Ia boleh dianggap sebagai satu kajian permulaan untuk pelajar-pelajar dan sarjana-sarjana yang meminati bidang ini penyelidikan yang akan membantu mereka merangka satu pemahaman yang baik tentang makna-makna dan ajaran-ajaran Qur’Én dan perlaksanaannya dalam kehidupan sebenar. Ia mungkin juga  dapat membantu mereka menjalankan kajian kes dalam bidang penyelidikan tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut tema. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan  skop tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut  tema ini merangkumi empat bidang:  konsep tafsiran mengikut tema, topiknya, tema-tema kecil dan tema umum Surah Al-Qur’Én. Artikel ini memberi satu penekanan khas pada kajian tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut  tema kerana ia agak kurang mendapat perhatian beberapa penyelidik. Ia juga menampilkan satu kajian sistematik pada pemahaman tema Surah dalam Al-Qur’Én dan menganggapnya satu bidang penyelidikan penting dalam kajian tafsiran Al-Qur’Én mengikut tema. Artikel juga memberikan perhatian kepada bidang metodologi penyelidikan terhadap usaha tafsiran Al-Qur’Én secara bertema. Dalam hal ini, pengkaji akan menonjolkan prinsip-prinsip, syarat-syarat dan rangka kerja untuk projek-projek projek penyelidikan dalam lapangan ini dan menerangkan langkah-langkah utama yang harus diikuti dalam pelaksanaan penyelidikan yang berkenaan. Lang-langkah ini termasuk kebebasan memilih tajuk penyelidikan, kebebasan dalam mengambil  manfaat daripada jenis-jenis tafsiran Qur’Én yang berbeza serta sekolah-sekolah pemikiran yang berbeza dalam aliran tafsir serta rangka bagaimana memanfaatkan warisan tamadun manusia berlandaskan ajaran Al-Qur’Én. Kata Kunci: Al-Qur’Én, TafsÊr, Tema, Bidang-bidang, Metodologi.

scholarly journals Robust neutrosophic programming approach for solving intuitionistic fuzzy multiobjective optimization problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Multiobjective Optimization Problems

AbstractThis study presents the modeling of the multiobjective optimization problem in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment. The uncertain parameters are depicted as intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, and the crisp version is obtained using the ranking function method. Also, we have developed a novel interactive neutrosophic programming approach to solve multiobjective optimization problems. The proposed method involves neutral thoughts while making decisions. Furthermore, various sorts of membership functions are also depicted for the marginal evaluation of each objective simultaneously. The different numerical examples are presented to show the performances of the proposed solution approach. A case study of the cloud computing pricing problem is also addressed to reveal the real-life applications. The practical implication of the current study is also discussed efficiently. Finally, conclusions and future research scope are suggested based on the proposed work.

scholarly journals ACO with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Pheromone Updating Applied on Multiple-Constraint Knapsack Problem

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1456
Author(s):  
Stefka Fidanova ◽  
Krassimir Todorov Atanassov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knapsack Problem ◽  
Propositional Logic ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Combinatorial Optimization Problems ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Multiple Constraint

Some of industrial and real life problems are difficult to be solved by traditional methods, because they need exponential number of calculations. As an example, we can mention decision-making problems. They can be defined as optimization problems. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is between the best methods, that solves combinatorial optimization problems. The method mimics behavior of the ants in the nature, when they look for a food. One of the algorithm parameters is called pheromone, and it is updated every iteration according quality of the achieved solutions. The intuitionistic fuzzy (propositional) logic was introduced as an extension of Zadeh’s fuzzy logic. In it, each proposition is estimated by two values: degree of validity and degree of non-validity. In this paper, we propose two variants of intuitionistic fuzzy pheromone updating. We apply our ideas on Multiple-Constraint Knapsack Problem (MKP) and compare achieved results with traditional ACO.

Neutrosophic Soft Block Matrices And Some Of Its Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
admin admin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Soft Sets ◽  
Neutrosophic Sets ◽  
Block Matrices ◽  
Inconsistent Information

In real life situations, there are many issues in which there are uncertainties, vagueness, complexities and unpredictability. Neutrosophic sets are a mathematical tool to address some issues which cannot be met using the existing methods. Neutrosophic soft matrices play a crucial role in handling indeterminant and inconsistent information during decision making process. The main focus of this article is to discuss the concept of neutrosophic sets, neutrosophic soft sets, neutrosophic soft matrices theory and finally to discuss about neutrosophic soft block matrics which are very useful and applicable in various situations involving uncertainties and imprecisions. In this article, neutrosophic soft block matrices, various types of neutrosophic soft block matrices, some operations on it along with some properties associated with it are discussed in details.

Computationally Simple and Efficient Method for Solving Real-Life Mixed Intuitionistic Fuzzy 3D Assignment Problems

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assignment Problems ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Future Research Directions

This article addresses the 3-dimensional mixed intuitionistic fuzzy assignment problems (3D-MIFAPs). In this article, firstly, the author formulates an assignment problem (AP) and assumes the parameters are in uncertainty with hesitation. Secondly, based on the nature of the parameter the author defines various types of solid assignment problem (SAP) in uncertain environment. Thirdly, to solve 3D-MIFAP the PSK method for finding an optimal solution of fully intuitionistic fuzzy assignment problem (FIFAP) is extended by the author. Fourthly, the author presents the proofs of the proposed theorems and corollary. Fifthly, the proposed approach is illustrated with three numerical examples and the optimal objective value of 3D-MIFAP is obtained in the form of intuitionistic fuzzy number and the solution is checked with MATLAB and their coding are also given by the author. Sixthly, the author presents the comparison results and their graphical representation, merits and demerits of the proposed and existing methods and finally the author presents conclusion and future research directions.

Valuing retail lease options through time

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Vimpari ◽  
Seppo Junnila
Keyword(s):  
Option Pricing ◽  
Real Option ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Option Valuation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Life Data ◽  
Property Owner ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lease Contracts

Purpose Retail properties are a perfect example of a property class where revenues determine the rent for the property owners. Estimating the value of new retail developments is challenging, as the initial revenues can have a significant variance from the long-term revenue levels. Owners and tenants try to manage this problem by introducing different kind of options, such as overage rent and extension rights, to the lease contracts. The purpose of this paper is to value these options through time for different types of retailers, using real-life data with a method that can be easily applied in practice. Design/methodology/approach This paper builds upon the existing papers on real option studies but has a strong practical focus, which has been identified as a challenge in the field. The paper presents simple mathematical equations for valuing overage rent and extension options. The equations capture the value related to uncertainty (volatility) that is missed by standard valuation practices. Findings The results indicate that overage and extension options can represent a significant proportion of retail lease contract’s value and their value is heavily time-dependent. The option values differ greatly between tenants, as the volatilities can have a large spread across tenants. The paper suggests that the applicability of option pricing theory and calculus should not be considered as an insurmountable barrier any more, rather a greater challenge for the practical adaptability of the method can be the availability of real-life data that is a common problem in real option analysis. Practical implications The value of extension and overage options varies greatly between tenants. In general, the property owner can try balance the positive effects from the overage rents to the negative effects of tenant extensions. However, this study tries to highlight that, as usual, using the “law of averages” can result into poor valuation in this context as well. Even the data used in this study provide valuable findings for the property owner as an analytical deduction can be made that certain types of tenants have higher volatilities and this should be acknowledged when valuing options within lease contracts. Originality/value Previous literature in this topic often takes the input data for the option valuation as granted rather than trying to identify the real-life data available for the calculation. This is a common problem in real options valuation and it seems to be one of the reasons why option valuation has not been used widely in practice. This study has used real-life data to assess the problem and more importantly assessed the data across different types of tenants. The volatility spread between different types of tenants has not been discussed previously, even though it has a significant importance when using option pricing in practice.

scholarly journals Who is Portrayed in Second Life: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? The Extent of Congruence Between Real Life and Virtual Identity

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadett Koles ◽  
Peter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Second Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Virtual Identity ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Self Consciousness

Virtual social environments opened the door to individual experiences that may not be feasible or possible in real physical settings; in turn bringing to question the applicability of certain more traditional theories to digital environments. Addressing some of this gap in the available literature, in the current study, we compare virtual and real life identities simultaneously, as well as explore the impact of selfconsciousness on virtual identity. Our results indicate that while some of the overall trends are similar between identities constructed in the physical world and those constructed in virtual settings, different identity elements and dimensions tend to be emphasized to different degrees. Furthermore, we find evidence for the role of private in addition to public self-consciousness as influencing virtual existence. In other words, in addition to the general emphasis concerning the  role of socially influenced external elements in the formulation of virtual identities, the current study highlights the importance of more internalized and  individual level attitudes and perceptions, including one’s inner thoughts, emotions, and perspectives. Implications and future directions are discussed.

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