Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and comparison of 2,4-dinitrophenol removal efficiency using photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, and adsorption processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Nouri-Mashiran ◽  
Lobat Taghavi ◽  
Ebrahim Fataei ◽  
Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh-Rajaei ◽  
Mahdi Ramezani
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Endothermic Process

In the present work, the extract of a paper-flower species called Bougainvillea spectabilis was used to green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The synthesized ZnO NPs was confirmed by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, and FTIR techniques. Then, the ability of ZnO NPs to remove 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions was investigated using photocatalytic and sonocatalytic processes. All experiments were carried out in a batch system and the effects of pH, NPs dosage, concentration, and contact time were evaluated. The findings of this study showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model could well describe the removal of 2,4-dinitrophenol by ZnO NPs. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and BE-T isotherm models were also assessed in a dark condition. The Freundlich isotherm model was able to provide the best fit with the experimental data. Examination of the results showed that the degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol at the presence of ultraviolet (UV) and ultrasonic (US) waves was able to increase the removal efficiency to about twice as much as removal by adsorption alone. Also, The obtained results showed that the maximum removal of 2,4-dinitrophenol under photocatalytic and sonocatalytic conditions occurred at the presence of 25 mg of NPs, solution pH of 4, and 2,4-dinitrophenol concentration of 20 ppm. The best rates of photocatalytic and sonocatalytic degradation under the optimal conditions were 84.42% and 77.13% during 60 min, respectively. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol by ZnO NPs is a spontaneous and endothermic process in the direction of increasing entropy. The zinc oxide NPs have better performance in the removal of 2,4-dinitrophenol at the presence of UV and US waves.

scholarly journals Biosorption of cationic and anionic dyes using the biomass of Aspergillus parasiticus CBS 100926T

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadj Daoud Bouras ◽  
Ahmed RédaYeddou ◽  
Noureddine Bouras ◽  
Abdelmalek Chergui ◽  
Lidia Favier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Parasiticus ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Aspergillus parasiticus (A. parasiticus) CBS 100926T was used as a biosorbent for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB), Congo Red (CR), Sudan Black (SB), Malachite Green Oxalate (MGO), Basic Fuchsin (BF) and Phenol Red (PR) from aqueous solutions. The batch biosorption studies were carried out as a function of dye concentration and contact time. The biosorption process followed the pseudo-first-order and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The resulting biosorbent was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffractometer and Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The results of the present investigation suggest that A. parasiticus can be used as an environmentally benign and low cost biomaterial for the removal of basic and acid dyes from aqueous solution. HIGHLIGHTS Micro-fungi Aspergillus parasiticus CBS100926T was employed as a new biosorbent for the biosorption of six dyes. The maximum dye capacity was found to be 131.58 mg/g. Adsorption processes can reach equilibrium within 120 min. Adsorption processes follow the pseudo-second-order rate equation. The results of equilibrium sorption were described through Freundlich isotherm.

scholarly journals Treatment of textile effluents by chloride-intercalated Zn-, Mg- and Ni-Al layered double hydroxides

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Z. Mahjoubi ◽  
A. Khalidi ◽  
O. Cherkaoui ◽  
R. Elmoubarki ◽  
M. Abdennouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

This work involved the preparation, characterization and dyes removal ability of Zn-Al, Mg-Al and Ni-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) minerals intercalated by chloride ions. The materials were synthetized by the co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis and transmission electron microscopy characterization exhibited a typical hydrotalcite structure for all the samples. Adsorption experiments for methyl orange were performed in terms of solution pH, contact time and initial dye concentration. Experimental results indicate that the capacity of dye uptake augmented rapidly within the first 60 min and then stayed practically the same regardless of the concentration. Maximum adsorption occurred with acidic pH medium. Kinetic data were studied using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Suitable correlation was acquired with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities were 2,758, 1,622 and 800 mg/g, respectively, for Zn-Al-Cl, Mg-Al-Cl and Ni-Al-Cl. The materials were later examined for the elimination of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from a real textile effluent wastewater. The results indicated that the suitable conditions for color and COD removal were acquired at pH of 5. The maximum COD removal efficiency from the effluent was noted as 92.84% for Zn-Al-Cl LDH.

Adsorption of Cobalt Ions onto Mycobacterium phlei from Wastewaters

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2249-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implication ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Mycobacterium Phlei ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Economic Technology

This fundamental work deals with the biosorption removal of Co(II) using a Mycobacterium phlei strain. Several variables that have an effect on the capacity of cobalt biosorption from aqueous solution by Mycobacterium phlei were studied. particularly the effects of solution pH, initial Co(II) concentration, contact time and biomass dose. The experimental data were modeled by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Langmuir model resulted in the best fit of the adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacity for Co(II) was 68.22 mg/g. The best correlation was provided by the second-order kinetic model, implying that chemical sorption was the rate-limiting step. The practical implication of this study is the development of an effective and economic technology for Co(II) removal from wastewaters.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Chromium Ions on Activated Carbon Produced from Cow Bones

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Marah Waleed Khalid ◽  
Sami D. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Chromium Ions ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Due to the broad range uses of chromium for industrial purposes, besides its carcinogenic effect, an efficient, cost effective removal method should be obtained. In this study, cow bones as a cheap raw material were utilized to produce active carbon (CBAC) by physiochemical activation, which was characterized using: SEM to investigate surface morphology and BET to estimate the specific surface area. The best surface area of CBAC was 595.9 m2/gm which was prepared at 600 ᵒC activation temperature and impregnation ratio of 1:1.5. CBAC was used in aqueous chromium ions adsorption. The investigated factors and their ranges are: initial concentration (10-50 mg/L), adsorption time (30-300 min), temperature (20-50 ᵒC) and solution pH (2-11). Isotherm of adsorption and its kinetics were studied. The adsorption process was modeled statistically and was represented by an empirical model. Equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the data best represented by Freundlich isotherm. Pseudo- first order and pseudo- second order kinetic equations were utilized to study adsorption kinetics, where chromium adsorption on CBAC fitted pseudo- second order fitted the data more adequately. The best removal efficiency was found to be 94.32%.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the adsorption of Zn2 + ions on Natural Calcium Carbonate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Karima Abellaoui ◽  
Hassan EL Kafssaoui ◽  
Hakima Nassali ◽  
Otheman Amrhar ◽  
Mohammed S. Elyoubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Adsorption Kinetic ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Order Kinetic Equation

In this study, Natural Calcium Carbonate (NCC) that was characterised by X-ray diffraction has been used as an adsorbent in the removal of Zn2+, from aqueous solution by a batch adsorption technique. The effects of various experimental parameters such as solution PH, initial concentration of solution, contact time, adsorbent masses and stirring speed were investigated. The results showed that basic PH and the average stirring speed were favourable for the adsorption of Zn2+, and the adequate equilibrium time for the adsorption of Zn2+ onto Natural Calcium Carbonate was 80min. The experimental data were analysed by the linear form of Langmuir, Freundlich. Isotherm models and showed a good fit with the Langmuir isotherm model. Adsorption kinetic was studied using pseudo first order kinetic equation, second order kinetic equation. The adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo second order equation. 

scholarly journals Efficient removal of radiocobalt and manganese from their binary aqueous solutions by batch adsorption process using PAN/HDTMA/KCuHCF composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa A. Hamoud ◽  
Karam F. Allan ◽  
Refaat R. Ayoub ◽  
Mohamed Holeil ◽  
Mamdoh R. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Copper Hexacyanoferrate ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Ph Range

AbstractSimultaneous removal of radiocobalt and manganese by adsorption onto polyacrylonitrile/hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide/potassium copper hexacyanoferrate (PAN/HDTMA/KCuHCF) composite was studied. The synthesized composite was characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influence of the solution pH was studied in the range 1.5–7.8 and the results showed the effectiveness of the synthesized composite for simultaneous adsorption of radiocobalt and manganese in the pH range 2.5–6 at an adsorbent mass of 4 g/L. Adsorption kinetic data of manganese at the studied concentrations were best fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the diffusion study showed that the adsorption process was controlled by film diffusion. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo) were estimated and the results indicated that adsorption processes of the concerned (radio)toxicants were spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Of the studied isotherm models, Freundlich and Langmuir were the best ones for describing the adsorption isotherm data of radiocobalt and manganese, respectively. The adsorption capacity of PAN/HDTMA/KCuHCF was found to be 23.629 (for radiocobalt) and 62.854 (for manganese). Desorption of Radiocobalt and manganese loaded onto PAN/HDTMA/KCuHCF composite was studied using various desorbing agents at different concentrations.

scholarly journals A novel biochar derived from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) roots could remove norfloxacin and chlortetracycline efficiently

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 3307-3318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Qin ◽  
Zhaowei Wang ◽  
Xiaoyun Xie ◽  
Chaoran Xie ◽  
Junmin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion

Abstract The biochar was prepared by pyrolyzing the roots of cauliflowers, at a temperature of 500 °C under oxygen-limited conditions. The structure and characteristics of the biochar were examined using scanning electron microscopy, an energy dispersive spectrometer, a zeta potential analyzer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the temperature, the initial pH, antibiotic concentration, and contact time on the adsorption of norfloxacin (NOR) and chlortetracycline (CTC) onto the biochar were investigated. The adsorption kinetics of NOR and CTC onto the biochar followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and intra-particle diffusion models. The adsorption isotherm experimental data were well fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacities of NOR and CTC were 31.15 and 81.30 mg/g, respectively. There was little difference between the effects of initial solution pH (4.0–10.0) on the adsorption of NOR or CTC onto the biochar because of the buffering effect. The biochar could remove NOR and CTC efficiently in aqueous solutions because of its large specific surface area, abundant surface functional groups, and particular porous structure. Therefore, it could be used as an excellent adsorbent material because of its low cost and high efficiency and the extensive availability of the raw materials.

scholarly journals Adsorption of penicillin by decaffeinated tea waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Gharbani ◽  
Ali Mehrizad ◽  
Ismail Jafarpour
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
First Order ◽  
Tea Waste ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract Removal of penicillin has been investigated using decaffeinated tea waste (DCTW). Decaffeination of tea waste was investigated using different methods. Results indicate that ozonation was the most effective process for removal of penicillin. Batch adsorption experiments were completed at various temperatures (20, 30, and 40°C), DCTW dosages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g per 250 mL), penicillin concentrations (4, 10, and 14 mg/L), and pH (3, 7, and 10) conditions. Studies showed that adsorption reaches equilibrium within 40 min. The main factor affecting adsorption of penicillin was the solution pH, with maximum adsorption occurring at pH 3. Higher adsorbent dosages and lower penicillin concentrations also resulted in higher percentages of penicillin removal. Results show that data obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. This process proves that low-cost DCTW could be used as a high performance adsorbent for removing penicillin from aqueous solutions.

Preparation of graphite by thermal annealing of polyacrylamide precursor for adsorption of Cs(I) and Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 843-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Hassan ◽  
Elsayed K. Elmaghraby
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Radical Chain

In the present work, graphite nanostructures are prepared by thermolysis of a prepared polyacrylamide gel. The gel was prepared by radical chain polymerization and the synthesis of the nanostructures was done by step annealing at different temperatures. The structural of the prepared materials was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The presence of carboxylic and phenolic functional groups on the graphite surface was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the effect of equilibration time, initial metal cation concentration, and solution pH for the removal of Cs(I) and Co(II) from aqueous solutions. Kinetic data of Cs(I) adsorption was found to be well fitted with a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The obtained isotherm data were correlated with the Langumir and Freundlich isotherm models. The effect of temperature on the equilibrium distribution values was utilized to evaluate the change in the standard thermodynamic quantities of enthalpy (ΔH°), entropy (ΔS°), and Gibbs free energy (ΔG°).

scholarly journals Phenol adsorption from wastewater using cashew nut shells as adsorbent

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Kartik Kulkarni ◽  
Varsha Sudheer ◽  
C R Girish
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Multilayer Adsorption ◽  
Phenol Adsorption ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Order Kinetic Model

The potential of agricultural waste cashew nut shells as an adsorbent for removing phenol from wastewater is presented in this paper. The adsorbent was treated with 3M sulphuric acid in order to improve the properties. The experimental parameters such as adsorbent dosage, concentration and temperature were optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). The isotherm data were tested with different isotherm models and it obeyed Freundlich Isotherm showing the multilayer adsorption. The kinetic data satisfied pseudo-first order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 35.08 mg/g proving the capability of cashew nut shells for removing phenol from wastewater.  

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