scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF SERVICE OBJECTS LOCATED ON TRANSPORT HUBS

2021 ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mahmооd Abdulgani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Structure ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
New Construction ◽  
City Structure ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Transfer Stations

The article discusses the main aspects of the architectural and planning organization of service facilities for transport hubs. The main blocks of the functional planning structure of transport interchange hubs (T.I.HUB), elements of their structure and principles of placement in the structure of large cities have been formed in the center, in the structure of residential areas, in historical city centers, and in the contact zone of urban and suburban development. The work substantiates the relevance of the development regarding the design of transport hubs (T.HUB)s in the structure of modern cities, which are constantly and systematically developing, increasing the need for the transportation of an increasing number of passengers. The dynamic development of modern infrastructural cities, especially large ones, require a revision of the norms and dimensions of transfer stations, the landing front of stops, the reorganization of the inner spaces of the transport hubs (T.HUB), etc. The design and construction of transport hubs can be carried out in a completely new construction, reconstruction or reconstruction with modernization, or in the difficult conditions. Already today, many big cities are suffering from traffic jams bordering on collapse, especially during peak hours. Therefore, this problem must be solved in all possible ways, especially attention should be paid to the architectural and planning organization of service facilities, which are located at the transport hub (T.HUB). A transport interchange hub is a nodal element of the city's planning structure, which allows organizational transfer of passengers between various types of urban and external (intercity, international) passenger transport or between different lines of the same type of transport in an urban structure. For example, transport hubs (T.HUB) are possible in the structure of the functioning of a railway transport hub from one railway line to another. Transport interchange hubs (T.I.HUB)can be specialized or multifunctional, and include a number of facilities for passing passenger services and social infrastructure: accumulative lobbies in front of the entrance group ("entrance" - "exit"), a foyer with digital validation of electronic tickets and cards on different routes of passengers; cargo and goods rooms for baggage claim (at airports, river stations and railway stations);  customs premises (if we are talking about international flights departing from transport hubs (T.HUB); intercepting parking lots and taxi and bus stands; public service facilities; shops, catering establishments; financial institutions, etc. As noted earlier, we can talk about six types of transport hubs (T.HUB) in the structure of the designed and existing nodes on land, underground, river, rail, sea and air transport. Thus, modern transport hubs can be organized not only in the city structure, but also in ports, railways. railway stations and airports, which can significantly expand their typological range of service facilities.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of urban planning in the Iraqi cities Al-Kūt, Amarah and Najaf

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Мохаммед Хасан Аль Савафи
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Modern Landscape ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Periods

This article follows the stages of urban planning in the Iraqi cities Al-Kūt, Amarah and Najaf. These large cities have emerged as populated localities in different historical periods. This has played a certain role in formation of the urban landscape. The author determines the stages of urban development of these cities. Depending on the period of establishment of the populated locality, the author distinguished from six (Najaf) to three (Al-Kūt and Amarah) stages of formation of the functional planning structure. The historical periods of Iraq impacted the formation of urban planning periodization and models of the ongoing urban processes. The article reviews the models of urban processes proposed by Western scholars, and their influence upon the formation of new characteristics of Iraqi urbanism in the modern landscape of the listed cities. The Iraqi cities have certain similarity in functional planning structure; however, each city has own peculiarities that define its uniqueness. The uniqueness of cities is determined by a number of characteristics: the hierarchy of urban structure, architectural image of the city, social harmony through the organization of residential environment, transport and pedestrian accessibility, recreation and tourism sites, human resources, and level of environmental pollution. As a result  of studying Al-Kūt, Amarah and Najaf, it is revealed that Najaf plays a special religious role among Shiite Muslims; it also features archaeological sites attractive for tourists, such as the ancient mosques and churches. Al-Kūt and Amarah also have a rich history, although they have emerged in a later period. Urbanization of Iraq is particularly specific with regards to residential developments in the new urban districts. It manifests in the construction of residential areas by the type of professional activity (for example, a district for teachers, workers, police, etc.)

scholarly journals SETTLEMENT TERRITORY AS A LEADING COMPONENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF A BIG CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
V. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large City ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Spatial Framework ◽  
The City

The formation of the ecological framework of the city determines its viability in general as a modern settlement structure that meets the requirements of sustainable development. In this case, the ecological framework of the city becomes the basis that will be able to form a single ecosystem of the city and establish a format of connections between its various elements. The purpose of the article was to determine the role of the settlement area in the formation of the ecological framework of a large city. This article identifies the role of residential areas in the formation of the ecological framework of the city. The author analyzes the concept of "ecological framework" and its compliance with the peculiarities of the urban structure. It was found that the ecological framework is mainly interpreted as a natural framework. In an urban environment, this leads to certain inconsistencies. The city also has its own spatial framework, which includes a number of properties and characteristics. Therefore, the author proposes to consider the ecological framework of large cities as a system of interaction of natural and urban frameworks. Establishing the right relationship between them will ensure compliance with the level of environmental safety in the city and its sustainable development. It was established that there is no understanding of the concept of ecological framework in the context of urbanization. Most authors consider the ecological framework exclusively as a natural framework of the territory, which is relevant for large areas outside large cities. It is proposed to take into account the peculiarities of the existence and development of the urban organism, which has its own structure, its own spatial framework. It is determined that the urban framework consists of elements of different functions, which are interconnected by a network of communications. All elements create a certain load on the natural structure of the territory (natural framework). It is proposed to consider the ecological framework of a large city as a combination of natural and urban framework. It is their rational combination that will help to improve the environmental situation as a whole and will meet the conditions of sustainable development of the city. Keywords: ecological framework, settlement territory, natural framework, urbanization, ecological stabilization, ecological knots, ecological corridors.

scholarly journals ON IMPROVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OF THE KHARKIV MOTORWAY SECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (166) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
E. Lezhneva ◽  
I. Lynnyk ◽  
K. Vakulenko ◽  
N. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Main Area

Nowadays, on the territory of large cities, there is an increase in emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The reasons for this are manifold: violation of design technological regimes, outdated equipment, an increase in the volume of road transport. The constantly growing intensity of traffic flows is annually accompanied by an increase in the anthropogenic load on the population of modern cities. With the increase in the number of vehicles on the streets of large cities, the world community has identified noise as one of the main factors that worsen the standard of living of people. To assess the noise pollution of the environment by road transport, a typical area of the urban area in the Kharkiv micro district was chosen. The study consisted of four main stages: Stage I – assessment of the road condition and environmental situation in the courtyards of the micro district; Stage II – assessment of acoustic pollution of the main area; Stage III – assessment of the concentration of pollutants; Stage IV – measures to reduce the level of environmental hazard. The study revealed that residential areas around Gagarin Avenue are prone to high noise levels and high concentrations of pollutants in the air. So, Gagarin Avenue is in the zone of acoustic discomfort (noise level 80 dBA), which exceeds the permissible noise level, while the degree of man-made impact on the environment during road operation is 1000 UAH / hour for every 100 people. Based on the results of calculations of the concentrations of pollutants from vehicles along Gagarin Avenue, it was found that for almost all substances their concentrations exceed the MPC by more than 3 times. Analysis of the experience of European countries in the use of noise protection screens with integrated solar panels allowed us to propose a model of noise protection barrier with integrated solar panels, which can be used to protect the urban environment from noise, sound waves and exhaust chemicals. gases from internal combustion engines. It has been established that the placement of a combined noise protection screen will reduce the noise level by about 8–15 dBA. Noise load maps were built in the main area before and after the implementation of the environmental measure. The results of the study will make it possible to introduce administrative and legislative measures to ensure regulatory noise levels for residential areas adjacent to highways and environmental safety when organizing traffic on the streets of large cities.

scholarly journals Analysis of public transport connections along the railway line No. 406 on the section Szczecin Główny – Police

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Karol F. Abramek ◽  
Paweł Regulski
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Journey Time ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
General Manner

The article presents an analysis of selected public transport lines running along the railway line Szczecin Główny – Police. Examined journey time by public transport between the railway stations and stops. Compared to the travel time by train and passenger public transport vehicles. In addition, a comparison of planned and actual travel times of public transport vehicles. In a general manner specified number of passenger public transport.

scholarly journals PARKO PROBLEMATIKA STRUKTŪRINĖJE MIESTO PLĖTROJE (ŠIAULIŲ MIESTO PAVYZDŽIU)

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-234
Author(s):  
Inesa Alistratovaitė-Kurtinaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Central Park ◽  
City Parks ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
City Structure

Nowadays there is a renewed interest in city parks as recreational oases providing tranquillity and balancing out urban processes. This paper reviews characteristic features of city parks situated in an urban environment, presents comparative characteristics of exceptional parks, and summarizes the development of city parks in Lithuania in the 20th century. Within this context a feasibility study of the central park in S˘iauliai is presented, focussing on the task of clearly distinguishing the park’s borders during its moderate urbanization and preserving the park in the process of integration of its urban neighbourhood, meanwhile improving the park’s composition and service infrastructure. The paper analyses the park’s territory as an element of urban structure: position within the green city structure and the system of green spaces; arrangement of the green space in the overall city structure (hierarchy of values of urban structure elements), degree of its integration; transformations of the park’s territory; analysis of the current situation and suggestions. Santrauka Šiuo metu vėl pradėta gręžtis į miestuose esančius parkus kaip gyventojų poilsio, ramybės bei savotiškos atsvaros urbanizaciniams procesams oazes. Straipsnyje apžvelgiami miestų parkų urbanizuotoje aplinkoje ypatumai, pateikiama išskirtų parkų lyginamoji charakteristika, apžvelgiama Lietuvos miesto parkų evoliucija XX a. Šios informacijos fone pristatoma Šiaulių miesto centrinio parko galimybių studija, kurioje iškeltas uždavinys nuosaikiai urbanizuojant teritoriją aiškiai išskirti parko ribas bei kaip nepakenkti esančiam parkui integruoti urbanizacinį kaimyną, kartu pagerinant paties parko kompoziciją bei paslaugų infrastruktūrą. Pateikiama parko teritorijos analizė kaip urbanistinės struktūros elemento tyrimas: miesto gamtiniame karkase ir žaliųjų plotų sistemoje; žaliosios erdvės rangas bendrojoje miesto struktūroje (urbanistinės struktūros elementų vertybinė hierarchija), jos integracijos laipsnis; parko teritorijos transformacijos; esamos padėties analizė bei siūlymai.

scholarly journals A visit to Argentina

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 569-571
Author(s):  
Roy McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
The Political ◽  
Poverty Trap ◽  
South American ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Psychiatric Institutions ◽  
The Subject

Argentina, a country about the size of Europe, has a population of approximately 30 million people. Over 80% of the inhabitants occupy the few large cities. About 12 million people live in the neighbourhood of the capital, Buenos Aires. Unlike many other South American countries, it has a large middle-class population and a well developed social infrastructure and industry. However, the country has been the subject of considerable political instability with many recent changes in government including several revolutions. These have resulted in many changes of leaders of institutions including senior members of the medical profession. Psychiatry has been particularly vulnerable because of its social identity and social function. As a consequence most of the leaders of psychiatric institutions and services, including the Professor of Psychiatry, have been dismissed from office following changes in government. This has greatly impeded the development of psychiatric services and academic psychiatry. Despite many natural resources, the political upheavals have resulted in a considerable weakening in the economy with inevitable consequences on the funding of health care and the universities and the creation of a large poverty trap for the most vulnerable.

URBAN PLANNING STUDY OF THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATION CENTRES IN SAMARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Anna V. ZHOGOLEVA ◽  
Anna V. KURIMSHINA ◽  
Anastasia N. FILIMONOVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multicomponent System ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Different Levels

Planning development of large cities, expansion and agglomeration of urban areas is carried out in close relationship with the development of urban public centers. The object of research in this work is the system of communicative spaces of the modern city - a complex, multicomponent urban structure, elements of which can become urban areas, architectural objects and complexes, Central functions, social and local groups of cities, subjects of urban development, transport and pedestrian connections, objects of transport. To study such a multicomponent system requires a multilevel urban planning, urban, sociological research, the purpose of which is to identify urban planning, communication, cognitive characteristics of urban centers of different levels, the formation of their boundaries and characteristics.

scholarly journals The monitoring experience of Moscow railway infrastructure sructures

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Marasanov ◽  
Alexander Sheikin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Displacement Estimation ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Total Displacement ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Left And Right

The scientific support results of monitoring of Moscow railway infrastructure structures during new construction in close proximity to these structures are represented. This scientific support was realized by means of proposed procedure of displacement estimation of given points of these structures. This procedure is based on application of numerical method. Due to this method displacement increments are computed on each step of building operations (step of solution). The total displacement of considered structure is obtained by summation of all obtained displacement increments. This procedure was applied for scientific support of monitoring of two railway structures. One of them is overbridge across Minskaya street on Moscow – Bryansk line during strengthening of its supports and tunneling in perpendicular direction to railway line. The other is embankment of line Moscow – Kazan during tunneling. Computed displacement of base of overbridge support N 3 after strengthening of support bases is equal to 11,9 millimeter’s. This value obtained by means of geodesic monitoring is equal to 12,6 millimeter’s. Computed displacement of base of overbridge support N 3 after construction of right tunnel is equal to 0,8 millimeter’s. This value obtained by geodesic monitoring after construction of left and right tunnels is equal to 2,6 millimeter’s. Computed displacement of embankment after tunneling is equal to 22,6 millimeter’s. This value obtained by geodesic monitoring is equal to 20 millimeter’s. So the proposed procedure gave satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Some Matters relating to Urban Management aiming to Reduction of Environmental Pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Cong Tri Tran ◽  
Van Huong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Urban Management ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Development Gap

Urban areas are constantly developing and rapidly, especially in recent times. According to the United Nations, in 1950 the global urban population accounted for only 29% of the world's population; this figure was 50% in 2009 and will be 60% in 2030 with about 5 billion people. In Vietnam, urban population is projected to account for 38% of the country's population by 2015, 45% of the country's population in 2020 and 50% of the national population by 2025 with about 25 million. In the process of urbanization with growth and development, cities often face significant challenges. These are: 1) Unbalanced development, over-focus on large cities makes the development gap between urban and rural areas more and more increasing; 2) Unsustainable development, rapid technical and social infrastructure systems degrading rapidly, especially housing and environmental sanitation; 3) The administrative management capacity of urban governments must often chase the rapid growth of urban areas; 4) Poverty, crime and unemployment often occur in rapidly growing cities but lack solid economic and technical bases. In order to have an identity of sustainable urban development, development cannot be separated from preserving stability in which urban management is always a very important task.

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