Therapeutic potential of chastetree (Vitex agnus-castus) in gynecological diseases – a review of the current state of knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 491-502
Author(s):  
Anna Magiera ◽  
Aleksandra Prokop ◽  
Mateusz Gieleta ◽  
Monika Olszewska
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current State ◽  
Gynecological Diseases ◽  
Agnus Castus

MDM2-p53 Interaction Inhibitors: The Current State-of-Art and Updated Patent Review (2010-Present)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Rusiecki ◽  
Jakub Witkowski ◽  
Joanna Jaszczewska-Adamczak
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Tumor Suppressor P53 ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mouse Double Minute ◽  
Patent Review ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Double Minute

Background: Mouse Double Minute 2 protein (MDM2) is a cellular regulator of p53 tumor suppressor (p53). Inhibition of the interaction between MDM2 and p53 proteins is a promising anticancer therapy. Objective: This updated patent review is an attempt to compile the research and achievements of the various researchers working on small molecule MDM2 inhibitors from 2010 to date. We provide an outlook into the future for therapy based on MDM2 inhibition by presenting an overview of the most relevant patents which have recently appeared in the literature. Methods: Literature and recent patents focusing on the anticancer potential of MDM2-p53 interaction inhibitors and its applications have been analyzed. We put the main emphasis on the most perspective compounds which are or were examined in clinical trials. Results: Literature data indicated that MDM2 inhibitors are therapeutically effective in specific types of cancer or non-cancer diseases. A great number of patents and research work around new MDM2- p53 interaction inhibitors, possible combinations, new indications, clinical regimens in previous years prove that this targeted therapy is in the scope of interest for many business and academic research groups. Conclusion: Novel MDM2 inhibitors thanks to higher potency and better ADME properties have shown effectiveness in preclinical and clinical development however the final improvement of therapeutic potential for MDM2 inhibitors might depend on the useful combination therapy and exploring new cancer and non-cancer indications.

scholarly journals Biological Properties and Prospects for the Application of Eugenol—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3671
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ulanowska ◽  
Beata Olas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aromatic Compound ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Concentrations

Eugenol is a phenolic aromatic compound obtained mainly from clove oil. Due to its known antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it has long been used in various areas, such as cosmetology, medicine, and pharmacology. However, high concentrations can be toxic. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight is regarded as safe. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the activities and application of eugenol and its derivatives and recent research of these compounds. This review is based on information concerning eugenol characteristics and recent research from articles in PubMed. Eugenol remains of great interest to researchers, since its multidirectional action allows it to be a potential component of drugs and other products with therapeutic potential against a range of diseases.

scholarly journals PHYTO-MEDICINAL EFFECTS OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI ON DIABETES: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 392-402
Author(s):  
Md. Mahmudul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Current State

Diabetes is a major public health problem which has been increasing day by day throughout the world with an alarming rate. In recent years, several plant extracts have been examined for their anti-diabetic properties to identify alternative treatment strategies that pose less risk for diabetes. It has been shown that different parts of these plants are collected from diverse regions and administered in different pharmaceutical preparations. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the phytochemicals present in S. cumini plants and their potent anti-diabetic activity, toxicological and biological effects of these plant extracts, their current state, limitation and future prospects in developing countries that are not included in the European Pharmacopoeia. In addition, a prospective research result of synergistic use of this plant with other plant (Ficus racemosa) done presently in our laboratory has been included. Based on the available evidence, we highlight the ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed and provide scientific evidence for the discovery of novel leads for herbal drug development.

Epilogue

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Walter Glannon
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Shared Control ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Neural Prosthetics ◽  
Current State ◽  
The People ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
The Brain

This section summarizes the main neuroscientific and philosophical issues regarding neural prosthetics. It comments on the therapeutic potential of more and less invasive systems to restore sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. It also speculates on future neural prosthetics and how they might change our view of the brain–mind relation and our concept of ourselves as humans. The current state of neural prosthetics does not indicate that machines and implants control the thought and behaviour of people to whom they are connected or in whom they are implanted. There is no loss of control but shared control between these artificial systems and the people who use them. The rehabilitative and restorative capacity of neural prosthetics enable those with neurological or physical disabilities to acquire or regain functional independence.

scholarly journals Health as a Complex Adaptive System: a new dimension of patient care in internal medicine and general practice

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Johannes Bircher ◽  
Eckhart G. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
System A ◽  
Current State ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Environmental Determinants Of Health ◽  
Complex Adaptive

This paper explores the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of a new concept of health. Investigations into the nature of health have led to a new definition that explains health as a complex adaptive system (CAS) and is based on five components (a-e). Humans like all biological creatures must satisfactorily respond to (a) the demands of life. For this purpose they need (b) a biologically given potential (BGP) and (c) a personally acquired potential (PAP). These properties of individuals are embedded within (d) social and (e) environmental determinants of health. Between these five components of health there are 10 complex interactions that justify health to be viewed as a CAS. In each patient, the current state of his health as a CAS evolved from the past, will move forward to a new future, and has to be analyzed and treated as an autonomous whole. A diagnostic procedure is suggested as follows: together with the patient, the five components and 10 complex interactions are assessed. This may help the patient to better understand his situation and to recognize possible next steps that may be useful for him to evolve toward more health by himself. In this process mutual trust in the patient-physician interaction is critical. The described approach offers new possibilities to help patients to improve their health.

scholarly journals Carnosine—a natural bioactive dipeptide: bioaccessibility, bioavailability and health benefits

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujuan Xing ◽  
MacKenzie E. Chee ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Wangang Zhang ◽  
Yoshinori Mine
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Current State ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Significant Health

Carnosine is a natural dipeptide synthesized by both vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and has functional properties that are specific to muscle and excitable tissues. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that carnosine presents metal chelating and antioxidant activities and has the ability to inhibit protein carbonylation and glycoxidation. This review describes the health benefits of carnosine in relation to its bioaccessibility, bioavailability and biochemical properties as well as providing the current state-of-the-art knowledge on the potential use of carnosine as a nutraceutical. The therapeutic potential of carnosine has also been investigated by a number of preclinical and clinical studies for diseases such as diabetes and its associated complications, as well as fatigue, ageing, and some neurological disorders. Altogether the current literature provides supportive evidence on the use of carnosine as a natural dietary supplement with significant health boosting efficiency and without any side effects.

scholarly journals The Ameliorating Effect of Myrrh on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairments in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samrat Baral ◽  
Du-Hyong Cho ◽  
Ramesh Pariyar ◽  
Chi-Su Yoon ◽  
Bo-yoon Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Gynecological Diseases ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
First Time

Myrrh has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, gynecological diseases, and hemiplegia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of myrrh resin (AEM) on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. AEM was estimated with (2E,5E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhepta-2,4-dienal as a representative constituent by HPLC. The oral administration of AEM for 7 days significantly reversed scopolamine-induced reduction of spontaneous alternation in theY-maze test. In the passive avoidance task, AEM also restored the decreased latency time of the retention trial by scopolamine treatment. In addition, Western blot analysis and Immunohistochemistry revealed that AEM reversed scopolamine-decreased phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our study demonstrates for the first time that AEM ameliorates the scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice and increases the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in the hippocampus of mice brain. These results suggest that AEM has the therapeutic potential in memory impairments.

scholarly journals Ketamine as an antidepressant: overview of its mechanisms of action and potential predictive biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204512532091665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Matveychuk ◽  
Rejish K. Thomas ◽  
Jennifer Swainson ◽  
Atul Khullar ◽  
Mary-Anne MacKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ampa Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Unique Mechanism

Ketamine, a drug introduced in the 1960s as an anesthetic agent and still used for that purpose, has garnered marked interest over the past two decades as an emerging treatment for major depressive disorder. With increasing evidence of its efficacy in treatment-resistant depression and its potential anti-suicidal action, a great deal of investigation has been conducted on elucidating ketamine’s effects on the brain. Of particular interest and therapeutic potential is the ability of ketamine to exert rapid antidepressant properties as early as several hours after administration. This is in stark contrast to the delayed effects observed with traditional antidepressants, often requiring several weeks of therapy for a clinical response. Furthermore, ketamine appears to have a unique mechanism of action involving glutamate modulation via actions at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and [Formula: see text]-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, as well as downstream activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways to potentiate synaptic plasticity. This paper provides a brief overview of ketamine with regard to pharmacology/pharmacokinetics, toxicology, the current state of clinical trials on depression, postulated antidepressant mechanisms and potential biomarkers (biochemical, inflammatory, metabolic, neuroimaging sleep-related and cognitive) for predicting response to and/or monitoring of therapeutic outcome with ketamine.

scholarly journals The therapeutic potential of targeting tryptophan catabolism in cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane A. Opitz ◽  
Luis F. Somarribas Patterson ◽  
Soumya R. Mohapatra ◽  
Dyah L. Dewi ◽  
Ahmed Sadik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Catabolic Enzymes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Tryptophan Catabolism ◽  
Alternative Approaches

AbstractBased on its effects on both tumour cell intrinsic malignant properties as well as anti-tumour immune responses, tryptophan catabolism has emerged as an important metabolic regulator of cancer progression. Three enzymes, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 and 2 (IDO1/2) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), catalyse the first step of the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn). The notion of inhibiting IDO1 using small-molecule inhibitors elicited high hopes of a positive impact in the field of immuno-oncology, by restoring anti-tumour immune responses and synergising with other immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibition. However, clinical trials with IDO1 inhibitors have yielded disappointing results, hence raising many questions. This review will discuss strategies to target Trp-degrading enzymes and possible down-stream consequences of their inhibition. We aim to provide comprehensive background information on Trp catabolic enzymes as targets in immuno-oncology and their current state of development. Details of the clinical trials with IDO1 inhibitors, including patient stratification, possible effects of the inhibitors themselves, effects of pre-treatments and the therapies the inhibitors were combined with, are discussed and mechanisms proposed that might have compensated for IDO1 inhibition. Finally, alternative approaches are suggested to circumvent these problems.

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