scholarly journals ESPECIALLY THE FOOD AND CLOTHING OF THE PERSONNEL OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
V. N. Benda

The article investigates some problems of supply of food and ware property of private, non-commissioned officers and chief officers of the Russian army in the second half of the XVIII century. The author points out that the new uniform for soldiers and officers of the Russian army, introduced at the suggestion of G. A. Potemkin-Tavrichesky, was more simple and facilitated the management of troops in the course of hostilities. The sizes of daily and annual money and natural food supply of the military personnel of the Russian army in the specified period are given. Attention is drawn to the fact that the domestic light industry, engaged in the production of cloth and other products necessary for sewing various forms of clothing for soldiers and officers, in the second half of the XVIII century, fully satisfied the needs of the army in both quantitative and qualitative terms.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
ALEXEY ROMAKHIN ◽  

This article reveals the problem of the role of the religious factor in the formation of the value orientations of the military personnel of the Russian army from its inception to the present state. In the article, the author reveals the significance of the Church in the formation of the value orientations of military personnel. The problem of religious situation in foreign armies is considered. The article presents data from sociological studies confirming the increase in the number of religious servicemen in the modern Armed Forces. The concept of “religious factor” is revealed. The author suggests considering the influence of the religious factor on the formation of value orientations through the functions of religion. The article provides examples of the influence of religion on the formation of value orientations of military personnel from the time of the Baptism of Russia to the present. Examples of writers of Russian classical literature about the influence of religion on the morale of troops are given. Examples of religious participation in major battles and wars of the past years are shown. The significance of the religious factor in uniting the people and the army is shown. The work of officials of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation in strengthening values among military personnel in modern conditions is demonstrated. The role of the Minister of defense of the Russian Federation, General of the army S.K. Shoigu in strengthening the faith of the Russian army is outlined. Issues related to the construction of the Main Temple of the Armed Forces and its impact on the public masses were discussed. In this study, the author aims to show the significant role of religion in the formation of value orientations in Russian military personnel. The analysis shows an increasing role of religion in the minds of military personnel in modern conditions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 892-901
Author(s):  
V. O. Zverev ◽  
◽  
O. G. Polovnikov ◽  

The article discusses the limited intelligence capabilities of the gendarmerie departments of the Warsaw Governor General (Lomzinska, Warsaw, Kielce, Lublin, and Radom provinces) in the fight against German and Austrian spies in the second half of 1914 and the first half of 1915. One reason for the secret police’s lack of readiness is the reluctance of the gendarmerie-police authorities to organize counter-response work on an appropriate basis. The rare, fragmentary, and not always valuable information received by agents of the investigating authorities did not allow the gendarmes to organize full-scale and successful operational work on a subordinate territory to identify hidden enemies of the state. The low potential, and, in some cases, the complete uselessness of secret service personnel for the interests of the military wanted list led to the fact that most politically disloyal persons were accidentally identified by other special services. In most cases, spies were detected either due to information from army intelligence and counterintelligence agencies, or due to the vigilance of military personnel of the advanced units of the Russian army. The authors conclude that the gendarmerie departments were unable to organize a systematic operational escort of military personnel of the Russian armies deployed in the Warsaw Military District. Despite the fact that the duty of the gendarmerie police included not only criminal procedures, but also operational searches, there was no qualified identification of spies with the help of secret officers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Vladimi D. Puzanov

The reforms of Peter I became the basis for the gradual restructuring of all the military forces of Siberia. The main role in the Russian military cavalry of the Peter's era was played by dragoons. Under Peter I, dragoon regiments were the only type of Russian regular cavalry. In the field army, Peter I ordered the formation of 34 dragoon regiments. In addition, garrison dragoon regiments were formed in the province in the strategically important cities of Azov, Astrakhan, Kazan, and Tobolsk. In the 3050s of the XVIII century, the number of field dragoon regiments of the Russian Empire decreased to 20. In 1744, 3 field dragoon regiments Olonetsky, Vologda and Lutsk, and 2 field infantry regiments Shirvan and Nasheburg were sent to Siberia to protect the region from the Dzungars. By the decree of the Senate of September 29, 1744, all the Russian troops of Siberia were subordinated to the chief commander of the Siberian Corps, who was subordinate to the Military College. Major-General Christian Kinderman was appointed the main commander in Siberia. In March 1756, the Russian army consisted of 3 cuirassiers, 29 dragoons, and 46 infantry regiments, totaling 78 army regiments, with 172,440 men. As a result, during the Seven Years ' War, the number of field dragoon units in Russia decreased by 3 times and by 1763 was only 7 regiments. As a result, if in 1754 the dragoons were 36,627 people (92.6 %), then by 1767 there were only 4,802 people (12.8%) from the Russian cavalry in their ranks.


Author(s):  
С.С. Буркова

Статья посвящена анализу этимологии словесных названий российского вооружения. Помимо буквенно-цифрового обозначения боевых единиц российской армии (Ла-250, ЗУР 215) существуют официальные и неофициальные словесные названия. К официальным названиям относятся такие, как «Татьяна»., «Стриж», «Волга», к неофициальным (народным, жаргонным) - «Катюша», «Ксюша». Задача данного исследования - определить этимологию официальных словесных названий российского вооружения. В качестве основных методов научного исследования были использованы анализ, обобщение, классификация. Словесные названия российского вооружения можно разделить на несколько групп по способу наименования: по литере модификации, аббревиатуре, по созвучию названия или аббревиатуры названия с именем, в честь создателей, по ассоциативному переносу и в соответствии с названием серии. Последний способ наименования является наиболее частотным. Основными сериями (по количеству входящих единиц вооружения) являются «антропонимная», «гидронимная», «топонимная», «зоонимная», «фитонимная» и «мифонимная». В ходе исследования удалось установить связь между серией вооружения и входящими в неё единицами. Так, «фитонимная» серия в основном объединяет артиллерийское оружие - пушки, гаубицы, ракетные комплексы для пушек и гаубиц, миномёты, самоходные артиллерийские установки («Гиацинт», «Астра», «Хризантема», «Пион»). Очевидна традиция называть подводные лодки и крейсеры в честь российских городов («Тула», «Брянск», «Архангельск», «Северсталь», «Екатеринбург»). При анализе «зоонимной» серии была выявлена следующая закономерность: названия водных обитателей получили боевые единицы ВМФ, а также оружие, применяемое на флоте («Афалина», «Дельфин», «Касатка», «Кашалот»). Для обозначения летательных аппаратов используются названия птиц, особенности поведения которых соотносятся с функциональными возможностями единиц вооружения («Бекас», «Беркут», «Буревестник», «Ворон», «Иволга», «Ласточка»). Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью выявить закономерности присвоения словесных названий боевым единицам российской армии. Практическая значимость заключается в том, что анализ названий оружия и их классификация позволят выявить специфику данной группы ономастических единиц, а также дать системное представление о российском вооружении иностранным военнослужащим, обучающимся в российских вузах. The article is devoted to the analysis of the etymology of the verbal names of Russian weapons. In addition to the alphanumeric designation of military units of the Russian army (La-250, ZUR 215), there are official and unofficial verbal names. The official names include such as «Tatyana», «Strizh», «Volga», to unofficial (folk, slang) - «Katyusha», «Ksyusha». The objective of this study is to determine the etymology of the official verbal names of Russian weapons. As the main methods of scientific research were used analysis, generalization, classification. The verbal names of Russian weapons can be divided into several groups according to the method of naming: according to the modification letter, abbreviation, the consonance of the name or abbreviation of the name with the name, in honor of the creators, by associative transfer and according to the name of the series. The last naming method is the most common. The main series (in terms of the number of incoming weapons) are «anthroponymous», «hydronymic», «toponymic», «zoonymous», «phytoonymic» and «mythonymic». In the course of the study, it was possible to establish a connection between a series of weapons and their units. So, the «phytoonymic» series mainly combines artillery weapons - guns, howitzers, missile systems for guns and howitzers, mortars, self-propelled artillery mounts («Giacint», «Astra», «Hrizantema», «Pion»). The tradition of calling submarines and cruisers in honor of Russian cities is obvious («Tula», «Bryansk», «Arhangel'sk», «Severstal», «Ekaterinburg»). When analyzing the «zoonymous» series, the following regularity was revealed: the names of the aquatic inhabitants received the military units of the Navy, as well as the weapons used in the fleet («Afalina», «Del'fin», «Kasatka», «Kashalot»). To designate aircraft, the names of birds are used, the behavioral features of which correlate with the functionality of weapons («Bekas», «Berkut», «Burevestnik», «Voron», «Ivolga», «Lastochka»). The relevance of the work is due to the need to identify the patterns of assigning verbal names to combat units of the Russian army. The practical significance lies in the fact that the analysis of the names of weapons and their classification will provide a systematic idea of Russian weapons to foreign military personnel studying at Russian universities.


Author(s):  
Il'ya Yur'evich Tkachenko

This article discusses the events of the Seven Years' War from the perspective of supplying the troops of the Russian army with food and adapting it to the European military campaign. An overview is given to the key battles of the Seven Years' War, reflecting the nutrition of troops and activity of certain individuals on maintaining military capability of the army. The author also touches upon the fate of A. V. Suvorov and the beginning of his service as a supply officer, which left an imprint on his future career. The article is based mostly on archival materials of the Russian State Archive of the Ancient Acts, as well as literary sources of scientific nature. The article describes the time of the dawn of the absolutist Russian State, being a powerful international force. The history of food service on the example of the Seven Years’ War of 1756– 1763 is dedicated to the history of food supply of the Russian army and population throughout the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), the main type of supply changed depending on the financial situation of the state. The history of food service in Russia is one of the most remarkable pages in military history. Food service, which established with the advent of the Russian regular army, has been one of the main vectors of activity of the military department for centuries.


Author(s):  
Е.Ю. Соколов ◽  
А.И. Адаев ◽  
А.А. Фомин ◽  
Л.Г. Магурдумова

In article the importance of use of psychotherapeutic actions of self-control by employees of a dangerous profession is stated during the work in emergency situations. The state of health of fighters who before the direction in business trip were trained previously in self-control methods at different stages of performance of a fighting task, with a condition of group of the military personnel who didn’t pass preliminary training in energy saving methods is compared.


Author(s):  
Vitaliy Voronov ◽  
Timur Slivin

В статье рассмотрена актуальная проблема перевоспитания военнослужащих в дисциплинарных частях в Российской империи как организованного и структурированного процесса. Изучено использование их потенциала для поддержания дисциплины и правопорядка среди личного состава. Определено, что к военнослужащим предусмотрено применение специальных видов уголовных наказаний, кроме того, допускается изъятие в применении отдельных наказаний к данной категории лиц. Авторами раскрывается порядок реализации наказания в виде лишения свободы в частях с воинской организацией в отношении военнослужащих, совершивших преступления. Указывается на то, что перевоспитание осужденных военнослужащих было направлено на повышение уровня их военной и строевой подготовки, принуждение их к выполнению требований военной присяги и воинских уставов. В качестве негативного момента перевоспитания осужденных военнослужащих указывается отсутствие специальной подготовки у штатных офицеров и нижних чинов дисциплинарных частей. В статье рассматривается порядок реализации наказания в виде лишения свободы в арестантских частях, а также дисциплинарных частях. Раскрыто понятие арестантских рот, их руководящий и личный состав, а также порядок содержания осужденных. Показаны особенности комплектования дисциплинарных частей как постоянным составом, так и переменным (осужденными), а также прохождения ими службы. Авторами отмечается, что в перевоспитании осужденных военнослужащих превалировала принудительная функция в ущерб нравственному воздействию. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что дисциплинарные и штрафные части со строевой организацией в целом справляются с задачей перевоспитания осужденных военнослужащих, а опыт функционирования дисциплинарных частей царской армии был использован при создании военно-карательного аппарата Советской армии.The article deals with the actual problem of re-education of military personnel in disciplinary units in the Russian Empire as an organized and structured process. The use of their potential for maintaining discipline and law enforcement among personnel was studied. It is determined that the use of special types of criminal penalties is provided for military personnel, in addition, exceptions are allowed in the application of certain penalties to this category of persons. The author reveals the order of realization of punishment in the form of imprisonment in re-lations with the military organization in relation to the military personnel who have committed crimes. It is pointed out that the re-education of convicted servicemen was aimed at increasing the level of their military and drill training, forcing them to fulfill the requirements of the military oath and military regulations. As a negative aspect of the re-education of convicted servicemen, the lack of special training of regular officers and lower ranks of disciplinary units is indicated. The article deals with the procedure for the implementation of punishment in the form of im-prisonment in prison units, as well as disciplinary units. The concept of convict companies, their leadership and personnel, as well as the order of detention of convicts is revealed. The peculiarities of completing disciplinary units with both permanent and variable composition (convicts), as well as their service are shown. The author notes that in the re-education of convicted servicemen, forced functioning prevailed to the detriment of moral influence. The author comes to the conclusion that disciplinary and penal units with drill organization in General cope with the task of re-education of convicted servicemen, and the experience of functioning of disciplinary units of the tsarist army was used in the creation of the military punitive apparatus of the Soviet army.


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