scholarly journals Assessment of the ecological well-being of the rivers of the Middle Urals in areas with increased technogenic load

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Mariya Gutova ◽  
Hassan Flefel' ◽  
Marina Andryushechkina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Technogenic Loads ◽  
Almost All

Abstract. The purpose of our work was to assess the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of surface water bodies exposed to industrial enterprises and located in close proximity to agricultural land. The environmental condition of industrial regions is determined by the specifics of their development. Recently, vast territories of cities and agricultural lands have been subjected to a high degree of technogenic pollution, which is caused by excessive concentration of production and its continuous and long-term negative impact on natural complexes, which causes a sharp reduction in natural resource potential and its degradation [1, p. 200]. Methods. The article examined the ecological status of flowing water bodies in some areas of the Sverdlovsk region. Assessment of the ecological state of the rivers was assessed by physicochemical and chemical indicators, which included mineralization, hydrogen, and the concentration of salts of heavy metals. Results. During the study, we took water samples from 5 rivers flowing in areas with different technogenic loads. In the hot study, violations were identified by physico-chemical and chemical indicators. At the same time, excesses in mineralization were noted in the rivers of the Artinskiy district, indicators here ranged from 335, which refers to the average mineralization group up to 509 mg/dm3, which refers the river to the group of mineralization increased, almost all the rivers under study have a neutral reaction in terms of hydrogen value. The excess of MPC was noted in the rivers mainly cobalt, manganese, copper, nickel, lead and zinc, while the excess for various metals ranged from 1 to 32 MPC. Scientific novelty. As a result of the study, the most polluted of the rivers studied by us was determined, which is located in the zone of increased technogenic load and it is noted that the maximum concentration of pollutants falls on the Kamenskiy district.

scholarly journals Sverdlovsk Oblast in the diplomatic history of the USSR: visits of top officials of foreign countries to the region (1955–1965)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-570
Author(s):  
Mariia V. Beklenishcheva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Sverdlovsk Oblast ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Geological Museum ◽  
Almost All

The article deals with the problem of increasing the regions’ role in international and foreign economic cooperation of the Soviet Union in 1955–65. The aim of the research is to study the dynamics of the visits of foreign countries’ leaders to Sverdlovsk Oblast, which was traditionally considered as “closed.” Based on the results of the study, the stages of diplomatic activity in the region are identified. It was found that 1955–59 and 1963–65, when 18 visits of leaders of capitalist, socialist and developing countries to Sverdlovsk Oblast were organized and held, were the most eventful periods in this regard. The programs of the visits to the territory of the oblast were analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the average length of stay in Sverdlovsk Oblast, the preferred period for a trip to the Middle Urals, and general principles and features of organizing the reception of eminent guests in Sverdlovsk Oblast were determined. It was revealed that the Sverdlovsk Oblast Committee of the CPSU approved a list of 64 institutions which were recommended for foreign delegations to visit. The article highlights the key objects and facilities that were shown to foreign guests. It was found that the main point of the program of almost all delegations was a visit to Uralmash. Foreign guests also visited other industrial enterprises, including those which were located within the 40–50 km radius of the administrative center of the region, the city of Sverdlovsk. The article reveals the importance of the role assigned to the cultural program (visiting the Geological Museum and theaters). Sojourn in Sverdlovsk Oblast allowed eminent guests to see the potential of one of the country’s industrial centers in person and facilitated placing orders in the oblast for the needs of the economy of foreign countries. In addition, an ideological task was solved: the peaceful stance of the Soviet Union which possessed powerful defense potential was demonstrated to the guests. The author concludes that the involvement of the USSR’s regions in the processes of international cooperation was effective. At the same time, the adjustment of the country’s foreign policy in the mid-1960s was marked by a trend towards a decrease in the number of trips of foreign countries’ top officials to the regions of the USSR, including Sverdlovsk Oblast, within the framework of official and working visits.

scholarly journals Formation of mechanisms for state regulation of environmental investment activities in the region

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 11011
Author(s):  
Salima Makhosheva ◽  
Marina Kandrokova ◽  
Zaur Ivanov ◽  
Anzor Sabanchiev ◽  
Saida Shardan
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Government ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Environmental Orientation ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Almost All

The modern development of the Russian economy is characterized by conditions of socio-ecological and economic development, which create the preconditions for the formation of such a system of using natural resources in the processes of industrial production and consumption, which will be distinguished by rationality, ensure not only environmental, but also economic security of society, the well-being of the present and future generations of the population, assume the creation of necessary and sufficient conditions for sustainable development, which, in turn, will require the introduction of not only economic, technical, technological, social and other transformations, but also changes in the mechanisms of state control and regulation of investment processes of environmental orientation. In our opinion, the greatest improvement should be subject to the regulatory and legal mechanism of both state regulation and, in particular, local public self-government. This need is explained by the fact that in the territories of municipalities, there are sources of environmental pollution and industrial enterprises implementing eco-efficient investment projects. However, as the analysis of the regulatory framework has shown, almost all documents regulating the activities of municipal government bodies in the investment and environmental spheres are approved by laws and resolutions of the governments of the regions in which the municipalities are located. Hence, it can be concluded that the improvement of the regulatory mechanism of state and public regulation should be carried out in a comprehensive manner for both the regional and municipal levels of government.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on obstetrics and gynaecology trainees; how do we move on?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
R. Mallick ◽  
F. Odejinmi ◽  
M. Sideris ◽  
E. Egbase ◽  
M. Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Background: Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) is an evolving specialty that encompasses women’s health at its core. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant patient care challenges, however simultaneously it has resulted in the interruption of clinical training and cessation of all elective work. Our primary aim was to assess the impact of the pandemic on the experiences of O&G trainees. Methods: An email invite was sent to all 127 O&G trainees in Kent, Surrey and Sussex (KSS), inviting them to participate in an anonymous 33-question survey. The survey data was collected and analysed over a 4-week period. Results: Of the 127 trainees sent the survey, 87 responded (69%). 39% and 75% of trainees agreed that the pandemic had a negative impact on their overall physical and mental wellbeing respectively. 43% agreed that the COVID-19 pandemic had adversely affected their obstetric training experience whilst almost all trainees stated a significant negative impact on benign gynaecology surgical training. Reassuringly, over 80% were positive they would recover from the negative impacts of COVID-19. Conclusions: It is evident that COVID-19 has impacted O&G trainees in several ways. Whilst we face uncertain times, we must firstly ensure the physical and mental well-being of all trainees. It is encouraging that non-emergency consultations and benign surgery are being restarted nationwide and whilst this will inevitably help with re-booting surgical training, we must also think “outside” the box and utilise other modes of teaching and training to safeguard learning whilst mitigating against the negative impacts of subsequent waves.

scholarly journals Sustainable urban development: the impact of an asphalt plant on the quality of atmospheric air

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 08012
Author(s):  
Olga Mezenina ◽  
Svetlana Maslennikova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Wind Rose ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The development of industry, the use of various chemicals in technological processes, the large emissions of industrial enterprises, the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in agriculture have caused environmental pollution with harmful substances. Environmental protection is now becoming one of the economic problems and is an extremely urgent task of humanity. The purpose of this article is to present the main results of the study and analysis of atmospheric air pollution by the asphalt plant, which is located almost in the center of Yekaterinburg; to investigate the compliance of the existing hazard class of the enterprise, which increases its production volumes, to correct the size and location of the sanitary protection zone of the plant, taking into account the wind rose, and to try to propose a number of measures to reduce the negative impact of the plants in this industry. In considering the impact of anthropogenic activities on nature, attention should be paid to the concept of sustainable development, which carries principles based on the satisfaction of human needs, with a focus on caring for the well-being of future generations. If we consider the issue from the perspective of this concept, then the asphalt plant, in order to prevent possible environmental damage, should invest material and money to further minimize the amount of pollutants.

scholarly journals Soil contamination with heavy metals in the sh. Rashidovsky district of Jizzakh region and methods of their decrease from the soil composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Dildora Sh. Berdieva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
City Center ◽  
Review Section ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The City

Sh. Rashidovsky district is one of the territories where the quality of agricultural land has decreased, the main land of the district is located near the city center, industrial enterprises pollute the soil with various pollutants, the natural balance is disturbed and the ecological environment is polluted. During the survey of soil pollution with heavy metals, the concentration of heavy metals in the soil in the layers (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70 cm) of agricultural land was analyzed. Analysis of soil contamination with heavy metals in the territory shows that a slight increase in the MCL for soils was observed for cuprum, zinc, chromium, nickel, cobalt and arsenic. The increase occurred mainly in the upper layer of 0-30 centimeters. The concentrations of all other heavy metals do not exceed the MCL, which confirms the conclusions drawn in the review section of the study on the low informative value of heavy metals in environmental monitoring. To reduce the negative impact of heavy metals on the light gray lands of the Sh. Rashidov region, it is necessary to apply mineral fertilizers, grow crops that are resistant to pollution.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE TAMBOV INDUSTRIAL HUB

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Ryazanov A.V. ◽  
Mozharov A.V. ◽  
Zawershinskiy A.N.
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The City

One of the reasons for the current global environmental crisis is the intense anthropogenic impact on water bodies, which results in their depletion and pollution. The source of the negative impact is, in particular, insufficiently treated wastewater from industrial enterprises. Depending on the technological processes used, toxicants can enter the water bodies along with the effluents, which pose a serious threat to them. The aim of the work is to consider the features of water supply and wastewater disposal of enterprises that make up the industrial hub of the city of Tambov. The work used methods of analysis of technical documentation and statistical reporting characterizing the qualitative and quantitative composition of wastewater. Water supply of the considered enterprises is carried out from the city water supply network and own artesian wells. All enterprises do not have full-fledged treatment facilities capable of carrying out a full cycle of wastewater treatment with bringing them to a standard clean state. The use of galvanic technologies in production requires preliminary cleaning at local treatment facilities. Then the wastewater goes to the city wastewater treatment plant, where it is processed together with the municipal wastewater. Normally clean and storm water flows directly into the surface water body. The largest enterprise of the industrial hub pumps its industrial effluents into deep aquifers. Over the entire period of its operation, over 52 million m3 of liquid toxic waste was injected. As a result, a zone of contaminated groundwater was formed under the enterprise and adjacent territories. In them, the excess of the maximum permissible concentrations for a number of parameters is constantly noted. Thus, this enterprise is a source of powerful, direct negative impact on groundwater and, indirectly, on surface water. This led to the emergence of a zone of sustainable environmental risk.

scholarly journals SOCIO-POLITICAL PRECONDITIONS FOR THE EMERGENCE OF PUBLIC ASSOCIATIONS IN WESTERN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Bozhena Ivanytska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Government Statistics ◽  
Peasant Economy

In the second half of the XIX century Western Ukrainian lands suitable for agricultural development could not provide their inhabitants with adequate well-being. Moreover, famine often prevailed in the region, and poverty raged. Ukrainians, who made up the majority of the rural population of the region, were particularly affected: almost 80% [7, p. 4]. Government statistics at the time tried to prove that all conditions were created for Western Ukrainian peasants to ensure their well-being. At the same time, for example, the following figures were used: peasants owned 62.2% of the land area, while large landowners, mostly Austrians, Poles, Germans, Jews and other peoples, only 37.8% of agricultural land. It would seem that Ukrainian peasant farms, which had the majority of arable land in their use, could prosper. However, the other side of this statistic was not mentioned: first of all, it was hidden that the best lands belonged to the owners of large farms. In addition, there were 3,734 communities in the areas used by the majority of peasants. Therefore, if we compare the size of the area of a large landowner and the average peasant economy, the peasant economy was 320 times smaller than the agricultural land of a large landowner. At the end of the 40s of the XIX century in almost all European countries the economic crisis deepened, mass strikes began. Governments became increasingly helpless, unable to control the situation. Political demands began to be put forward more and more often to the economic demands of the workers and peasants. The spirit of revolution hovered in the air. And soon it began. The revolutionary events that swept Europe in the spring of 1948 brought the peoples of Europe hope for a better future. The consequence of this revolutionary upsurge was the abolition of serfdom in the Austrian Empire, which also ruled Western Ukraine. First of all, the Ukrainian intelligentsia, which was based on priests, teachers, and lawyers, began active social and political work. However, the majority of the population still stayed away from politics: neither its general education nor their financial situation contributed to participation in the national movement. That is, the «Spring of Nations» still did not contribute to the «mass, widespread awakening of the national consciousness of the Ukrainian people of Galicia, Bukovina, Transcarpathia» [17, p. 15]. This required a lot of effort, first of all to inform the nation competently and politically about what educated people had to do [22].

scholarly journals Hydroecological features of water bodies within Zhukiv island in Kyiv

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
V. I. Vyshnevskyi ◽  
S. A. Shevchuk ◽  
O. M. Kozytskyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Exchange ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
River Bank ◽  
The Impact

According to field research, cartographic works and satellite images, the main hydroecological features of water bodies on Zhukov Island in Kyiv have been studied. Information on the history of the impact of economic activity on this area is given. The first object affected the water bodies, located on the island, particularly for the Konyk river arm, was a railway tunnel, which was under construction in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Another factor was the construction of several roads. As the result of this construction the former Konyk river arm actually turned into the lake. Significant changes in this area were observed in the mid-1970s after the constriction of the Kanivske Reservoir. The increase in the water level in low water conditions by about 2.5 m caused an increase in the size of existing water bodies and the emergence of new ones. The description of the largest lakes in the studied area is given. For today they are a complex system of lakes in this area, hydraulically connected with the Dnipro River. At the same time, water exchange in the lakes and between the lakes and the river is insignificant. First of all, this is due to the low capacity of the existing hydraulic structures and clogging of ways to them. In fact, there is the only one hydraulic structure on the river bank through which water can reach the lakes. In addition, low water runoff of the Dnipro River in recent years also causes a negative impact on this ecosystem. Recently, intraday fluctuations of water discharges at the Kyiv HPP have decreased, and respectively the fluctuations of water levels in the Dnipro River near the studied area also decreased. This negatively affected the ecological condition of the lakes, which are intensively overgrown. In addition, wastewater inflow into one of the largest local lakes, namely Konyk, has a negative impact. The indicators of bottom sediments in this lake are given, which testify to its pollution by heavy metals. The typical species of aquatic and air-aquatic vegetation inherent to the lakes on Zhukov Island are characterized. The recommendation, which can improve water exchange in the lakes and their ecological status, are given. It was considered that the nature protection activity in this area can be improved in case of adding the created here landscape reserve to the National Nature Park “Holosiivskyi”.    

Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Marianna Havryshko ◽  
◽  
Olena Popovych ◽  
Halyna Yaremko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
World Industry

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF RYAZAN REGION MELIORATION SYSTEM

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
P. N. Vanyushin ◽  
A. V. Kuzin ◽  
А. А. Pavlov ◽  
А. V. Nefedov ◽  
N. А. Ivannikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Viable Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technical Operation

The article analyzes the current state of the irrigation and drainage systems of the Ryazan region. It is shown that the lack of technical operation of the drainage network led to its failure and failure to perform its functions. Irrigation, in spite of the fact that it gives stability in the years of droughts due to aging and the dismantling of machinery and equipment is not carried out. It is shown that for the reconstruction and / or modernization of irrigation and drainage systems it is necessary on the basis of inventory to determine the environmentally optimal and economically viable systems, their parts and structures that require rehabilitation, reconstruction and / or modernization. The decision to reconstruct may include not only the ameliorative system as a whole, but also some part of it, for example, a canal, pipeline or a separate hydraulic structure, taking into account the justification of economic feasibility. In dry periods, for the Meshcherskaya lowland and areas with peat soils, it is necessary to provide for land-reclamation systems for dual regulation of soil moisture, which reduces the possibility of peat ignition and the spread of fire. It should be borne in mind that the reconstruction of land-reclamation systems has its specific features, which include: socio-economic (increasing the productivity of agricultural land, obtaining additional income, creating modern infrastructure, increasing employment, living conditions, labor, etc.) ; ecological (creation of cultural landscapes, ensuring their ecological sustainability, prevention of land degradation processes, improvement of recreational conditions, elimination of waterlogging, flooding, salinization, erosion, etc.). Reclamation activities are carried out in compliance with the requirements of land, water, forestry legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the environment, on the subsurface, on the plant world and on the animal world.

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