COMPARISON OF POSITIVE BACTERIAL CULTURE RATE FROM URINE SPECIMEN AND CATHETER SWAB IN INDWELLING CATHETER PATIENTS

Objective: The study aims to study the difference between urinary culture before and after indwelling catheter insertion and also the difference in positive bacterial culture rate between urine and catheter swab at the 7th and 14th days. Material & method: The subject of this study were patients who used indwelling catheters in urology outpatient department. The sample was allocated into two groups of 10 patients each, 7 and 14 days group. Sterile urinary culture was initially checked before catheter insertion. After 7 and 14 days of catheterisation respectively, urine and intraluminal catheter swab were performed upon removal. All samples were examined in Microbiology Department using McConkey and Nutrient agar (Mayo technique – T/T33). After 24 hours incubation, bacterial colonies were identified. Results: All urinary cultures obtained before the study were sterile, after 7 days catheter insertion two cultures (20%) remained negative and the remainder (80%) became positive. McNemar test result was 0,008 (p<0,05). In 14 days group after catheter insertion only one (10%) remained negative while 9 others were positive for bacteria. Mcnemar test shows 0,004 (p<0,05). The urinary and catheter swab culture is not significantly different in 7 days of indwelling catheterization patients (0,500; p>0,05) and also in 14 days patients (1,000, p>0,005). While the catheter swab culture is significantly positive after administering the urinary catheter in 7 and 14 days of catheterization (0,002; p<0,05). Conclusion: There was significant difference in urinary culture positive rate before and after catheter insertion in 7th and 14th day. Bacteriuria rose sharply after urinary catheter insertion despite aseptic procedure. There was no difference in culture positive rate between urine and catheter swab at 7th day as well as 14th day.

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Effecting change using careplans: experience from two fractured neck of femur pathways

Australian Health Review ◽

10.1071/ah11021 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kylie Baker ◽

Stephen Brierley ◽

Geoffrey Mitchell ◽

John Roe

Keyword(s):

Urinary Catheter ◽

Catheter Insertion ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Clinical Practices ◽

Fractured Neck Of Femur ◽

Indwelling Catheter ◽

Neck Of Femur ◽

Local Practices ◽

Management Plans ◽

Chart Audits

Objective. To use a qualitative track of the effects of two fractured neck of femur careplans (1 & 2) implemented at the Ipswich Emergency Department in 2002 and 2003 in order to comment on the reasons for comparative successes and failures as instruments for change in clinical practice. Careplan 1 was initiated by local clinicians in 2002, rescinded in 2003 to make way for the system wide careplan 2, then informally restituted in 2004 after careplan 2 was withdrawn. Careplan 2 did not articulate specific ED management plans. Method. Biennial retrospective chart audits of two newly introduced evidence-based clinical practices over time was used to track changes from careplan 1. These were the use of regional anaesthesia by medical staff, and the compliance with indwelling urinary catheter insertion by nursing staff. Results. Elements of careplan 1 continued despite lack of promotion. There has been significant increase in nerve block (2.8% to 27%) and indwelling catheter insertion (26% to 75%) from 2000 to 2009. Formal use of careplan 1 has declined to 13–20% in 2009. Careplan 2 was withdrawn for review in 2004. Conclusions. Careplans are one way to effect lasting changes in clinical behaviours which may persist beyond their implementation and promotion phases. For acceptance, corporate plans should incorporate local practices. For longevity, local plans should comply with the corporate vision of continuity of care, but local investment in the plan will facilitate uptake.

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Algorithmic Study of the Characteristics of Electrocardiograph Signals in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Scientific Programming ◽

10.1155/2021/2304072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Honger Li ◽

Lixia Zhao

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Wave Amplitude ◽

Coronary Intervention ◽

S Wave ◽

Pr Interval ◽

Before And After ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Som Algorithm ◽

The Difference

This work aimed to analyze the electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics and signal classification of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) diagnosed by coronary angiography, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical adoption of ECG images. 106 patients with CHD who were admitted to the XXX hospital from January 15, 2019, to May 30, 2020, underwent coronary intervention therapy, and their ECG indicators were recorded during the operation. Then, the LetNet-SoM algorithm designed in this work, as well as the traditional algorithms GoogLeNet and SqueezeNet, was applied to the patient’s ECG classification. It was found that part of ECG wave (QRS) and corrected Q-T interval (QTC) of patients after treatment were higher than those before treatment ( P < 0.05 ), but PR interval, RR interval, Tpeak-Tend (TpTe) interval, and QT interval were not substantially different from those before treatment ( P > 0.05 ). The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of LetNet-SoM algorithm for patients with CHD were better than those of traditional algorithms, with evident difference ( P < 0.05 ). The classification time of LetNet-SoM algorithm was lower in contrast to that of traditional algorithms, and the difference was also notable ( P < 0.05 ). The R wave and T wave indicators of patients after treatment were higher than before treatment, with notable difference ( P < 0.05 ). The difference between the patient’s S wave indicator before and after treatment was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ). The positive rate of S wave amplitude, QRS, and QTC was 68.15%, 60.52%, and 51.36%, respectively. In short, the LetNet-SoM algorithm designed based on lightweight neural network had excellent performance in classification and diagnosis of ECG, and it had the value of further popularization and application. The ECG signals were important indicators in the diagnosis of CHD, among which the S wave amplitude, QRS, and QTC were the most sensitive ones.

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Associations Between Procalcitonin and Markers of Bacterial Sepsis

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina48080057 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

pp. 57 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Veeresh Patil ◽

Jaymin Morjaria ◽

Francois De Villers ◽

Suresh Babu

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Culture ◽

White Cell Count ◽

Bacterial Sepsis ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Positive Bacterial Culture ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Culture Positive ◽

Culture Negative

Background. Bacterial sepsis with no bacterial isolates can be a difficult clinical conundrum, where other markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), white cell count (WCC), and neutrophilia are helpful to arrive at a diagnosis. Procalcitonin (PCT) has been shown to be a useful biomarker in bacterial sepsis. The aim of the study was to look at the association of PCT with bacterial cultures and compare this to currently used markers of bacterial sepsis. Material and Methods. WCC, neutrophil count, and CRP with PCT were compared in patients with a positive bacterial culture from blood/body fluid. The specificity and sensitivity of PCT were compared with those of CRP. Results. Of the 99 paired samples obtained, 25 cultures were positive for bacteria. There was a significant difference in CRP (P=0.04) and PCT (P<0.001) levels between culture-positive and culture-negative samples. PCT had a better sensitivity and specificity than CRP (84% and 64.9% vs. 69.6% and 52.9%, respectively), with a combined specificity (CRP and PCT) of 83.5%. Conclusions. PCT has a better association with bacterial sepsis and is superior to currently available biomarkers in the clinical setting. The rapid pharmacodynamics of PCT can serve as an early predictor of the diagnosis of bacterial sepsis while awaiting the bacterial culture results avoiding undue delay in the institution of antibiotics, hence, potentially improving the prognosis of patients with bacterial sepsis.

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Microbiological alterations in the conjunctiva of hot tub-soaking ophthalmologists (MACHO): a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Medical hypothesis discovery and innovation in ophthalmology ◽

10.51329/mehdiophthal1409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Michele D Lee ◽

Neel Pasricha ◽

Todd H Driver ◽

Sarah E Lopez ◽

Gerami D Seitzman

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Ordinal Scale ◽

Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽

Double Blind ◽

Group Assignment ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Student’S T ◽

Hot Tubs ◽

Culture Positive

Background: To determine if there is a difference in the quantity of microbial flora of the conjunctiva in individuals practicing head submersion (“dunk”) versus no head submersion (“no-dunk”) during hot tub use. Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, healthy volunteers aged ≥ 18 years were recruited. Participants were randomized to head submersion versus no head submersion during a 15-minute hot tub soak. Study personnel, masked to the dunk or no-dunk group assignment, obtained conjunctival cultures before and immediately after hot tub use. De-identified specimens were submitted to the clinical microbiology laboratory for culture and analysis. The main outcome measure was the difference in the quantity of organisms cultured from the conjunctiva before and after hot tub exposure, as determined using a defined ordinal scale. A two-tailed Student’s t-test was performed to compare the total microbial colony counts between the two arms. Simpson’s diversity was used to measure the changes in organism diversity between the arms. Results: Of 36 enrolled subjects, 19 were randomly assigned to the dunk and 17 were assigned to the no-dunk groups. Water samples obtained from all hot tubs were culture negative. Eleven of 19 eyes (58%) from the dunk group and eight of 17 eyes (47%) from the no-dunk group had negative conjunctival bacterial cultures before and after hot tub exposure. However, six of 19 eyes (32%) and four of 17 eyes (24%) of the dunk and no-dunk groups, respectively, were culture-positive after, but not before hot tub exposure. The quantity of organisms before and after hot tub exposure was not significantly different between the two arms (P = 0.12). However, the dunk group only showed a small increase in the quantity of organisms after as compared to before hot tub use (P = 0.03). None of the samples from subjects or hot tubs were culture-positive for Acanthamoeba. Conclusion: Head submersion in a public hot tubs during a 15-minute soak does not appear to change conjunctival flora, as determined by culture plate yield.

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Prevalence of group B streptococcus colonization in pregnant women in Jiangsu, East China

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06186-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yanmei Ge ◽

Fei Pan ◽

Rui Bai ◽

Yuan Mao ◽

Wenli Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

East China ◽

Quick Method ◽

Positive Rate ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B ◽

Conventional Detection

Abstract Background Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis. However, GBS was infrequently reported in the developing world in contrast to western countries. This study assessed the prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women in Jiangsu, East China, and revealed the difference of GBS infection between culture and PCR. Methods A total of 16,184 pregnant women at 34 to 37 weeks’ gestation aged 16–47 years were recruited from Nanjing Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory. Nine thousand twenty-two pregnant women received GBS screening by PCR detection only. Seven thousand one hundred sixty-two pregnant women received GBS screening by bacterial culture and GBS-positive samples were tested for antibiotic resistance. Results The overall GBS positive rate was 8.7% by PCR and 3.5% by culture. Colonization rate was highest in the “25–29 years” age group. The 249 GBS-positive samples which detected by culture were all sensitive to penicillin. The prevalence of resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and levofloxacin was 77.5, 68.3, and 52.2%, respectively. Conclusions This study revealed the data on the prevalence of GBS colonization in pregnant women at 34 to 37 weeks’ gestation in Jiangsu, East China. It compared the difference of the sensitivity to detect GBS between PCR and culture. PCR was expected to become a quick method in pregnancy women conventional detection of GBS infection.

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Diagnostic value of serum procalcitonin for diagnosis of bacterial infection in patients with chronic kidney disease under hemodialysis

Immunopathologia Persa ◽

10.15171/ipp.2020.08 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e08-e08

Author(s):

Rasoul Estakhri ◽

Nava Moghadasian Niaki ◽

Hamid Noshad ◽

Mohammad Asghari ◽

Hojjat Barghi

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Positive Bacterial Culture ◽

Before And After

Introduction: Bacterial infections are common causes of mortality and morbidity among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients under hemodialysis. Objectives: In this study the diagnostic value of serum procalcitonin for diagnosis of bacterial infections in patients with CKD under hemodialysis was assessed. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative investigation, 47 patients with CKD under hemodialysis were enrolled to the study. We studied the relationship of serum procalcitonin (PTC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (before and after dialysis) with "positive bacterial culture" and "systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)" results. Sensitivity and specificity were determined by ROC test. Results: Serum PTC before and after dialysis as well as the CRP before dialysis had no significant association with positive bacterial culture (P=0.492, P=0.1 and P=0.268 respectively), however after-dialysis CRP had a significant association with positive bacterial culture (P=0.032). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it may be concluded that the diagnostic value of serum PTC for diagnosis of positive culture bacterial infections in hemodialysis patients is not satisfactory since the serum CRP level especially after dialysis is more useful.

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657. Diagnostic Utility of Dedicated Fungal Blood Cultures for Diagnosis of Candidemia

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S385-S385

Author(s):

Bryant Yang ◽

Omai Garner ◽

Richard Ou ◽

Nicholas Stanzione

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Therapy ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

De Novo ◽

Empiric Therapy ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Culture Techniques ◽

Time To Positivity ◽

Positive Bacterial Culture ◽

Culture Positive ◽

Culture Negative

Abstract Background Blood culture techniques have improved to the point where they are considered sensitive enough for detection of Candida. Expert guidelines clarifying the utility of use of dedicated fungal isolator cultures are lacking, and we wondered what utility, if any, they add for the diagnosis of candidemia. Methods All patients with cultures between March 2016-February 2020 positive for Candida were examined via manual chart review, noting time to positivity and time of initiation of antifungal therapy. Results We focused on cases of candidemia where a fungal culture was ordered and turned positive (59 out of the total 181 cases of candidemia). We eliminated an additional 10 cases where fungal cultures were sent while already on antifungal therapy or in patients already known to be fungemic, given our interest in de novo diagnoses. Another case was removed due to lack of clinical details, as the patient was discharged prior to culture results and managed at a different medical facility. There were 14 cases with discordant growth (fungal culture positive, bacterial culture negative). One patient passed away prior to culture results, but in the remaining 13 cases, the fungal culture changed clinical management, in most cases by prompting initiation of antifungal therapy. The remaining 36 cases involved with concordant growth between bacterial and fungal cultures. In 11 of those cases, the fungal culture isolated yeast 12 or more hours faster than its paired bacterial culture (average 40.7 +/- 26.6 hours). In 7 of these cases, the fungal culture changed management – in the remaining cases, the patient was already on empiric therapy. Among all cultures sent in patients not receiving antifungals that isolated Candida, the overall time to positivity for fungal cultures was 37.2 +/- 13 hours, while bacterial cultures took 54 +/- 26.4 hours. Fungal Culture Results Conclusion Fungal cultures changed management in 20/59 cases of candidemia (34%) either by making the diagnosis faster than a bacterial culture or making it outright. Given the morbidity and mortality associated with candidemia, rapid diagnosis is critically important. More specific guidelines optimizing how to best utilize fungal cultures to help standardize practice among clinicians will be critical going forward. Disclosures Omai Garner, PhD, D(ABMM), Beckman Coulter (Scientific Research Study Investigator)

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Effects of Continuous Catheterization on Reducing Postoperative Urinary Tract Infection in Cervical Cancer Patients with Double J Stent Placement

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/9299001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tengteng Liu ◽

Yuan Yao ◽

Xinwen Xing ◽

Daming Chu

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Tube Placement ◽

Short Term ◽

Positive Rate ◽

The Difference

This study aims at exploring the effect of continuous catheterization on reducing postoperative urinary tract infection in cervical cancer patients with double J tube placement. To be specific, a retrospective analysis was performed on 120 cases of cervical cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic or open radical hysterectomy in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January to December 2019. They were divided into a persistent group (n = 70) and a short-term group (n = 50) according to indwelling catheter time. The incidence of postoperative complications and the positive rate of bacterial culture in bladder urine and double J tube bacterial culture were compared between the two groups. As a result, it was found that the incidence of postoperative fever and urinary tract infection in the short-term group was significantly higher than that in the persistent group ( P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative hematuria, bladder stimulation, and urinary system injury between the two groups. The positive rate of double J tube bacterial culture in both groups was also proved to be higher than that in bladder culture, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). And in the short-term group ( P < 0.05 ), the difference in the positive rate of bladder culture between the two groups was not statistically significant. To conclude, we found that continuous catheterization can reduce the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infection in cervical cancer patients with double J tube placement, which might be helpful for the treatment of cervical cancer.

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Bronchial Brushing and Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection

Respiration ◽

10.1159/000515605 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Naohisa Urabe ◽

Susumu Sakamoto ◽

Ai Ito ◽

Ryo Sekiguchi ◽

Yui Shimanuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽

Chest Ct ◽

Chest Computed Tomography ◽

Sterile Saline ◽

Bronchial Brushing ◽

Before And After ◽

Positive Rate ◽

Bronchial Washing ◽

Ntm Lung Disease ◽

Culture Positive

Background: The optimal bronchoscopy procedure for diagnosis of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is unclear. Objective: This study investigated the usefulness of bronchial brushing in bronchoscopy for diagnosis of pulmonary NTM infection in patients with suspected NTM lung disease and nodular bronchiectasis on chest computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: Bronchoscopy was prospectively performed for 69 patients with clinically suspected pulmonary NTM infection on chest CT from December 2017 through December 2019. Before and after bronchial brushing, bronchial washing was performed with 20 or 40 mL of normal sterile saline at the same segmental or subsegmental bronchi. Before and after bronchial brushing, samples of the washing fluid (pre- and postbrushing samples) and brush deposits (brush samples) were obtained and cultured separately. Results: NTM was detected in 37 of the 69 (53.6%) patients (Mycobacterium avium in 27, Mycobacterium intracellulare in 7, M. abscessus in 2, and M. kansasii in 2). NTM was detected in 34 (49.3%) prebrushing samples, in 27 (39.1%) postbrushing samples, and in 20 (29.0%) brush samples from the 69 patients. In 2 (2.9%) patients, NTM was detected only in postbrushing samples; in 1 (1.4%) patient, NTM was detected only in a brush sample. As compared with bronchial washing only, additional bronchial brushing increased the NTM culture-positive rate by 4.3% (3/69). Bronchial brushing caused bleeding, requiring hemostasis in 5 (7.2%) patients. Conclusion: Additional bronchial brushing increased the NTM culture-positive rate by only 4.3% (3/69), as compared with bronchial washing alone. Thus, the usefulness of brushing appears to be limited.

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Tem analysis of multiple-energy arsenic implanted and Rta'd silicon

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126135 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 246-247

Author(s):

R.A. Herring

Keyword(s):

Device Fabrication ◽

High Concentration ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Defect Clusters ◽

High Fluences ◽

Small Defect ◽

Before And After ◽

The Matrix ◽

The Difference ◽

Factor Type

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of ion-implanted Si is important for device fabrication. The defect structures of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 MeV As-implanted silicon irradiated to fluences of 2E14, 4E14, and 6E14, respectively, have been analyzed by electron diffraction both before and after RTA at 1100°C for 10 seconds. At such high fluences and energies the implanted As ions change the Si from crystalline to amorphous. Three distinct amorphous regions emerge due to the three implantation energies used (Fig. 1). The amorphous regions are separated from each other by crystalline Si (marked L1, L2, and L3 in Fig. 1) which contains a high concentration of small defect clusters. The small defect clusters were similar to what had been determined earlier as being amorphous zones since their contrast was principally of the structure-factor type that arises due to the difference in extinction distance between the matrix and damage regions.

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