scholarly journals Characterization of Iron Removal Process Products from Atmospheric Lateritic Ore Leaching Solution by using 20 and 25% of Calcium Carbonate

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nibras Azza Adhikara ◽  
Reza Miftahul Ulum ◽  
Alfian Ferdiansyah Madsuha ◽  
Faizinal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Iron Removal ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Nickel Extraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Process ◽  
Neutralization Process ◽  
Lateritic Ore

AbstractElectric vehicles become the alternative to solve the climate change and global warming problems by providing a more eco-friendly and sustainable source of energy. As the demand for sustainable vehicles increased, the functionality of batteries become crucial. One of the important aspects inside the batteries is nickel. Nickel plays a big role in lithium-ion batteries by delivering greater amounts of energy density with a higher storage capacity, which means it provides bigger efficiency to the batteries. Yet, the attempt of optimizing nickel extraction remains a challenge. Therfore, nickel extraction process of lateritic ore with high efficiency is investigated by using hydrometellurgy process, specifically the iron removal process in atmospheric condition in mixed hydroxide precipitates (MHP) route.The reagent solution of (20% w/w and 25%  w/w) calcium carbonate (CaCO3) at pH (1, 2, 3) were utilized as additive in this process. The precipitates resulted from PLS were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM–EDS), while the filtrates were investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Analysis based on precipitates demonstrates that the acid neutralization process took place with a sufficient amount of iron in the precipitates with the least amount of nickel. In addition, all pH and concentration of precipitates qualitatively illustrate the same neutralization process involving calcium and sulfur. From the results of filtrate through ICP testing in this study, pH 1 for both 20% and 25% concentration provides the lowest recovery rate alongside the smallest ppm compare to pH 2 and 3; thus, the iron precipitates in the formation of iron sulfide and/or iron sulfate. Overall, the optimum parameter is 25% of calcium carbonate, pH 1, 90oC for 2 hours of agitation to reduce the amount of iron in the solution.

XRF and PIXE Analysis of light and Dark Adapted Ocular Tissue

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa ◽  
H. W. Kraner ◽  
J. B. Warren ◽  
K. W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Retinol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimal Function

During photoexcitation the retina requires specific electrolytes and trace metals for optimal function (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, S, P, Cu and Zn). According to Hagins (1981), photoexcitation and generation of a nerve impulse involves the movement of Ca from the rhodopsin-ladened membranes of the rod outer segment (ROS) to the plasmalemma, which in turn decreases the in-flow of Na into the photoreceptor, resulting in hyperpolarization. In toad isolated retinas, the presence of Ba has been found to increase the amplitude and prolong the delay of the light response (Brown and Flaming, 1978). Trace metals such as Cu, Zn and Se are essential for the activity of the metalloenzymes of the retina and retina pigment epithelium (RPE) (i.e. carbonic anhydrase, retinol dehydrogenase, tyrosinase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase...). Therefore the content and fluctuations of these elements in the retina and choroid are of fundamental importance for the maintenance of vision. This paper presents elemental data from light and dark adapted frog ocular tissues examined by electron beam induced x-ray microanalysis, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and proton induced x-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE).

scholarly journals Synchrotron Radiation Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy Techniques to Evaluate TiO2 NPs Incorporation, Speciation, and Impact on Root Cells Ultrastructure of Pisum sativum L. Plants

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 921
Author(s):  
Simonetta Muccifora ◽  
Hiram Castillo-Michel ◽  
Francesco Barbieri ◽  
Lorenza Bellani ◽  
Monica Ruffini Castiglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Transmission Electron

Biosolids (Bs) for use in agriculture are an important way for introducing and transferring TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to plants and food chain. Roots of Pisum sativum L. plants grown in Bs-amended soils spiked with TiO2 800 mg/kg as rutile NPs, anatase NPs, mixture of both NPs and submicron particles (SMPs) were investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), synchrotron radiation based micro X-ray Fluorescence and micro X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (µXRF/µXANES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). TEM analysis showed damages in cells ultrastructure of all treated samples, although a more evident effect was observed with single anatase or rutile NPs treatments. Micro-XRF and TEM evidenced the presence of nano and SMPs mainly in the cortex cells near the rhizodermis. Micro-XRF/micro-XANES analysis revealed anatase, rutile, and ilmenite as the main TiO2 polymorphs in the original soil and Bs, and the preferential anatase uptake by the roots. For all treatments Ti concentration in the roots increased by 38–56%, however plants translocation factor (TF) increased mostly with NPs treatment (261–315%) and less with SMPs (about 85%), with respect to control. In addition, all samples showed a limited transfer of TiO2 to the shoots (very low TF value). These findings evidenced a potential toxicity of TiO2 NPs present in Bs and accumulating in soil, suggesting the necessity of appropriate regulations for the occurrence of NPs in Bs used in agriculture.

scholarly journals Distribution and Mode of Occurrence of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb in the Feed Coal, Fly Ash, Slag, in the Topsoil and in the Roots of Trees and Undergrowth Downwind of Three Power Stations in Poland

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Henryk R. Parzentny ◽  
Leokadia Róg
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence ◽  
Feed Coal

It is supposed that the determination of the content and the mode of occurrence of ecotoxic elements (EE) in feed coal play the most significant role in forecasting distribution of EE in the soil and plants in the vicinity of power stations. Hence, the aim of the work was to analyze the properties of the feed coal, the combustion residues, and the topsoil which are reached by EE together with dust from power stations. The mineral and organic phases, which are the main hosts of EE, were identified by microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray methods. The highest content of elements was observed in the Oi and Oe subhorizons of the topsoil. Their hosts are various types of microspheres and char, emitted by power stations. In the areas of long-term industrial activity, there are also sharp-edged grains of magnetite emitted in the past by zinc, lead, and ironworks. The enrichment of the topsoil with these elements resulted in the increase in the content of EE, by between 0.2 times for Co; and 41.0 times for Cd in the roots of Scots pine, common oak and undergrowth, especially in the rhizodermis and the primary cortex and, more seldom, in the axle roller and cortex cells.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mg and Zn Dopants on Pt/Al2O3 for the Dehydrogenation of Perhydrodibenzyltoluene

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Rudaviro Garidzirai ◽  
Phillimon Modisha ◽  
Innocent Shuro ◽  
Jacobus Visagie ◽  
Pieter van Helden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The effects of Mg and Zn dopants on the catalytic performance of Pt/Al2O3 catalyst were investigated for dehydrogenation of perhydrodibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT) as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier. Al2O3 supports were modified with Mg and Zn to produce Mg-Al2O3 and Zn-Al2O3 with a target loading of 3.8 wt.% for dopants. The modified supports were impregnated with chloroplatinic acid solution to produce the catalysts Pt/Al2O3, Pt/Mg-Al2O3 and Pt/Zn-Al2O3 of 0.5 wt.% Pt loading. Thereafter, the catalysts were characterised using inductively coupled plasma- optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, carbon-monoxide pulse chemisorption, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The dehydrogenation experiments were performed using a horizontal plug flow reactor system and the catalyst time-on-stream was 22 h. Pt/Mg-Al2O3 showed the highest average hydrogen flowrate of 29 nL/h, while an average of 27 nL/h was obtained for both Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/Zn-Al2O3. This has resulted in a hydrogen yield of 80% for Pt/Mg-Al2O3, 71% for Pt/Zn-Al2O3 and 73% for Pt/Al2O3. In addition, the conversion of H18-DBT ranges from 99% to 92%, Pt 97–90% and 96–90% for Pt/Mg-Al2O3, Pt/Zn-Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3, respectively. Following the latter catalyst order, the selectivity to dibenzyltoluene (H0-DBT) ranges from 78% to 57%, 75–51% and 71–45%. Therefore, Pt/Mg-Al2O3 showed improved catalytic performance towards dehydrogenation of H18-DBT.

Determination of small concentrations of hafnia in zirconia by selective excitation energy dispersive X-ray emission spectrometry

1994 ◽  
Vol 349 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Agrawal ◽  
S. N. Jha ◽  
Rugmini Kaimal ◽  
S. K. Malhotra ◽  
B. L. Jangida
Keyword(s):  
Excitation Energy ◽  
Selective Excitation ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Isoterma dan Termodinamika Adsorpsi Kation Cu2+ Fasa Berair pada Lempung Cengar Terpilar

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Syaiful Bahri ◽  
Muhdarina Muhdarina ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Fitri Andiyani
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Pillared Clays ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Suspension ◽  
X Ray

Pillared Cengar clay have been synthesized by two methods, first clay suspension is directly mixed into aqueous solution of hydroxy-aluminum polycations (WK) and second by mixing the clay suspension into the solution of sodium acetate and hydroxy-aluminumpolycations (SAK) sequentially. Both clays were calcined in air on atmospheric condition. Diffraction pola, surface morphology and cationexchange capacity of the pillared clays were characterized using X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) andvisible spectrophotometry methods, respectively. The pillared clays showed increases of basal spacing from 3.57 Å to 4.55 Å and smectiteas a new mineral. Morphology of SAK has more heterogeneous surface with small plates and agglomeration of grains compare with WKwhich small plates. Adsorption of aqueous cation of Cu 2+ were studied on various variables of initial concentration as well as temperatures.As the result, adsorption of cation Cu 2+ on pillared Cengar clay is corresponding to Freundlich isotherm, while the adsorption capacity ofWK on cation Cu 2+ is slightly lower than SAK. The thermodynamic aspect, the WK is reflected possessed exothermic processes withnegative entropy, increased in Gibbs energy and non spontaneous, while the SAK possessed endothermic processes having positive entropy,decreased in Gibbs energy and non spontaneous.

scholarly journals The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1173-1186
Author(s):  
Markus Gehring ◽  
Tobias Kutsch ◽  
Osmane Camara ◽  
Alexandre Merlen ◽  
Hermann Tempel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Current Collector ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Turbostratic Carbon ◽  
Current Densities

An innovative approach for the design of air electrodes for metal–air batteries are free-standing scaffolds made of electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibres. In this study, cobalt-decorated fibres are prepared, and the influence of carbonisation temperature on the resulting particle decoration, as well as on fibre structure and morphology is discussed. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry are used for characterisation. The modified fibre system is compared to a benchmark system without cobalt additives. Cobalt is known to catalyse the formation of graphite in carbonaceous materials at elevated temperatures. As a result of cobalt migration in the material the resulting overall morphology is that of turbostratic carbon. Nitrogen removal and nitrogen-type distribution are enhanced by the cobalt additives. At lower carbonisation temperatures cobalt is distributed over the surface of the fibres, whereas at high carbonisation temperatures it forms particles with diameters up to 300 nm. Free-standing, current-collector-free electrodes assembled from carbonised cobalt-decorated fibre mats display promising performance for the oxygen reduction reaction in aqueous alkaline media. High current densities at an overpotential of 100 mV and low overpotentials at current densities of 333 μA·cm−2 were found for all electrodes made from cobalt-decorated fibre mats carbonised at temperatures between 800 and 1000 °C.

Effects of Rotation Speeds and Media Density on Ground Calcium Carbonate during Ultrafine Grinding Process in Planetary Mill

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 542-545
Author(s):  
Yan Ru Chen ◽  
Yi Chen Lu ◽  
Xiao Min Lian ◽  
Chao Yang Li ◽  
Shui Lin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Planetary Mill ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
Ultrafine Grinding ◽  
Effects Of Rotation ◽  
Ground Calcium Carbonate

Superfine ground calcium carbonate (GCC) produced by carbonate minerals is a widely used inorganic powder material. In order to get a finer GCC powder with narrow distribution span, the effect of rotational speed and media density on ground GCC were studied by dry grinding GCC in a planetary ball mill under different rotational speed and various media density. The grinding limit-particle size and distribution of grinding calcium carbonate were measured by centrifugal sedimentation granulometer. The structure of GCC was measured by X-ray diffraction. The result shows that low rotational speed and high-density media is conducive to get a product with smaller particle size and narrow size distribution; crystal plane (012) and (122) are more stable than (018) and (116).

Study of Raman Spectroscopy on Graphene Phase from Heat Treatment of Coconut (Cocus nucifera) Shell

2015 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fandi Angga Prasetya ◽  
Muhammad Nasrullah ◽  
Ananda Yogi Nugraheni ◽  
Darminto
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Two Samples

Coconut (Cocus Nucifera) shell as the main ingredient in this research has been heat-treated at temperature of 1000°C in atmospheric condition aiming to obtain the expected phase of graphene. After heat treatment, an additional special treatment was given, where sample was then rinsed with distilled water. Furthermore, the heated coconut shell was characterized by Raman Spectroscopy (785 nm) and X-ray diffractometry. Based on the treatment and characterization conducted, all samples were likely to contain reduced graphene oxide (RGO) phase.The XRD data have supported the existence of RGO with the diffraction peak position (2q) at 25o and 45o. Evidence is also given by the result of Raman Spectroscopy which produces peaks (denoted by D and G bands) located at wave numbers of 1300 cm-1 and 1590 cm-1. The value of the ratio ID/IG of the two samples in the figures are 2.6 and 2.51 (matched with ratio ID/IG of RGO). The ID/IG ratio of sample which was rinsed by distilled water is higher that those without rinsing treatment.

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