scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FIRE PARTITIONS FOR SPEED FIRE DISTRIBUTION IN CLOSED PREMISES OF PRODUCTION AND STORAGE FACILITIES

Fire Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
E. Hulida ◽  
V. Sharуу
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

Introduction. Fires in closed premises of production and storage facilities are the most dangerous, because they hold large areas with a significant fire load. The current direction of providing a fire safety system at production and storage facilities in closed premises is to eliminate the conditions of the rapid development of fire and minimizing its effect through the use of fire curtains. This method of fire protection is practically not used in closed premises of production and storage facilities at the present stage. In most cases, fire partitions are used in such situations. Therefore, a topic issue today is the research of limiting the development of fires with the use of fire partitions and minimizing fire effects.Purpose. Investigate the process of spreading the fire in closed premises of production and storage facilities by using fire partitions to limit the speed of fire spread. Problem statement and solution. The following tasks must be solved to provide fire protection of production and storage facilities:1. to investigate the process of fire spread in closed premises of production and storage facilities without the use of fire partitions;2. to investigate the impact of fire partitions use on fire rate.Two possible modes of development fire in the premises are considered to solve the first problem: 1) with the presence of sufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated fire load; 2) with insufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated ventilation.It is necessary to choose the material and fire partition design accordingly to solve the second problem. The results of experimental studies [11] showed that fire partitions vermiculite-silicate plates can be used for various building structures manufacturing. Closed production and storage facilities structure analysis showed that these premises are constructed in most cases with a grid of columns 9Х12 m.Conclusions and proposals:1) There is only the first mode of fire with sufficient oxygen (air) in closed premises of production and storage facilities with a total area of more than 5000 m2 in the process of fire. The fire that occurred is regulated only by the fire load.2) The use of fire partitions between sections of the premises of production and storage facilities reduces the probability of fire spreading in the premises by about 3 times.3) It is necessary to continue research work in this direction to obtain more significant results of the process of development and spread of fire in the premises of production and storage facilities.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING VEHICLES FIRE DISTRIBUTION IN INDOORS MANUFACTURING AND WAREHOUSE FACILITIES

Fire Safety ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Ye. Hulida ◽  
V. Sharуу
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Optimal Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

Most modern production and storage facilities are fire hazardous. A large area, a large fire load, the use of technologies with high temperatures, contributes to the rapid development of fire in a short period of time over a large area. The current direction of providing the fire safety system at the enterprises is to eliminate the conditions of rapid development of the fire and minimize its consequences through the use of fire curtains. Develop a method for determining the optimum dimensions of the enclosed volume of a closed warehouse facility by using fire-proof curtains to limit the rate of fire spread. To provide fire protection for warehouse facilities, the following tasks must be addressed first and foremost to investigate the process of fire spread in enclosed premises at production and storage facilities; to develop a method of determining the optimal size of the volume of premises, closed production facilities and to investigate the impact of the use of fire curtains on the speed of fire. In order to solve the first problem, materials were stored in the production and storage facilities, the combustion of which was accompanied by a thermal decomposition with the release of gaseous combustion products. The rate of burning of solid materials depends not only on the physical nature of the material, but also on the location of the fire load structure. In addition, the rate of burnout indoors differs from the rate of burnout in open space. Two modes of development of combustion of materials in a room are possible: 1) with the presence of sufficient amount of air (oxygen), that is, the resulting fire is regulated by the fire load; 2) with insufficient air (oxygen), that is, the resulting fire is regulated by ventilation. Indoors in real conditions, the first mode of fire gradually goes into the second, and after reaching the temperature in the room at which the windows are destroyed, the gas exchange process becomes two-sided and the fire goes to the first mode. To solve the second problem, a method of determining the optimal size of the volume of premises, closed production and storage facilities was developed. Conclusions and specific suggestions: The number of sheltered volumes of storage facilities and their optimal area depends on the storage area of ​​the equipment and equipment not protected from free spread of fire. The accuracy of determining the optimal area of fire depends on the accepted probability of hit points to be within the range of acceptable solutions of the optimization problem. The presence of a protected volume of storage facilities reduces the rate of fire spread by 1.8 times. In the protected volume of the room with fire curtains on the roof of the warehouse it is necessary to arrange 3-piece air-exhaust lights to remove smoke in case of fire.

Reliable assumptions for structural fire design of steel car parks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Dahl Hertz ◽  
Lars Schiøtt Sørensen ◽  
Luisa Giuliani
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Fire Loads ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fire Load Density

PurposeThis study aims to analyze and discuss the key design assumptions needed for design of car parks in steel, to highlight the impact that the increased fire loads introduced by modern cars and changes in the fire dynamics have on the design, such as fire spread leading to non-localized fires.Design/methodology/approachIn particular, a reliable fire load density to be used for structural design of car park structures is assessed, based on investigations of the fire loads of modern cars. Based on knowledge of fire load and fire performance of cars, the consequences on the fire safety design of steel structures are presented.FindingsDesign recommendation about fire load density and fire protection of common steel profiles are given. Finally, the proposed design is compared with a design practice that has been applied in many instances for car parks constructed with unprotected steel, and recommendations for a reliable design process are provided.Originality/valueNumerous car park buildings have recently been designed of steel structures without passive or active fire protection. The key assumptions that makes possible such design are local fire scenarios, outdated values of the car fire load and utilization of the ultimate steel strength. This paper identifies the shortcomings of such key assumptions, indicating the need for revisiting the methods and possibly even checking the analyses carried out for some already-built car parks.

scholarly journals Experimental study on examining the fire load of a small compartment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella László ◽  
Flóra Hajdu ◽  
Rajmund Kuti
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Burning Process ◽  
The People

Abstract In Hungary a lot of people live in condominiums or in block of flats where fire often occurs despite of precise design and effective fire protection arrangements. This means a hazard for the people living there, for the building constructions and also for the environment. A deeper knowledge of the burning process and examining the negative effects of fire load on building constructions with scientific methods are actual questions nowadays. In order to get to know the phenomena more accurately, fire spread in a bedroom was modeled and numerical simulation was carried out, which is presented in this paper in detail. These experiences may help increasing the fire safety and preventing fires in apartments. The simulations were carried out considering the characteristics of the Hungarian architecture.

Effects of elevated CO2 and 1-methylcyclopropene on storage-related disorders of Ontario-grown Empire apples

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Deyman ◽  
Greta Chiu ◽  
Jingyun Liu ◽  
Carolyne J. Brikis ◽  
Christopher P. Trobacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Flesh Browning ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Deyman, K. L., Chiu, G., Liu, J., Brikis, C. J., Trobacher, C. P., DeEll, J. R., Shelp, B. J. and Bozzo, G. G. 2014. Effects of elevated CO2 and 1-methylcyclopropene on storage-related disorders of Ontario-grown Empire apples. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 857–865. The impact of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application on CO2-induced physiological injury in Empire apple fruit during controlled atmosphere storage was assessed over a 3-yr period using an experimental design involving multiple treatment replicates. Fruit harvested at optimal maturity from one or two orchards were treated with or without 1 µL L−1 1-MCP, then chilled at 0 or 3°C under various CO2 partial pressures (5, 2.5 or 0.03 kPa CO2) in the presence of 2.5 kPa O2 for up to 46 wk using a split-plot design. Fruit were sampled periodically for assessment of flesh browning and external peel injury. The maximal incidence of external CO2 injury varied from 15 to 100% over the 3 yr, and the most rapid development of this disorder was evident at 5 kPa CO2. The incidence of external CO2 injury as a function of storage time was influenced by orchard location and storage temperature. Moreover, the incidence of flesh browning at 0°C and 5 kPa CO2 was influenced slightly by orchard; this disorder was never higher than 30%, and the impact of elevated CO2 was inconsistent across years. Notably, there was no evidence for negative effects of 1-MCP on the incidence of storage-related disorders.

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON MANUFACTURING METHODS OF POWDER METALLURGY COMPONENTS WITH INTEGRATED INFORMATION STORAGE

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
BERND-ARNO BEHRENS ◽  
NAJMEH VAHED ◽  
EDIN GASTAN ◽  
FABIAN LANGE
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Data Carrier ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sintering Processes

This paper presents a research work within Collaborative Research Centre 653 "Gentelligent Components in Their Lifecycle." The term "gentelligent" refers to the genetic and intelligent character of these components. Specific data are inherently saved in the components, which are used during its lifecycle for the means of identification, processing, and reproduction. The present study aims at the development of a method to manufacture and utilize gentelligent sintered parts. As data carrier, foreign materials shaped in fonts, logos, or codes are embedded in the powder material proceeded by pressing and sintering processes. The foreign material can be applied in forms of particles or compound powder. The information read-out is based on radiographic methods. The objectives of the investigations are the determination of the process parameters of each method and the impact of the integrated foreign materials on the mechanical properties of the component. The experimental studies are supported by numerical simulations.

scholarly journals Field Test Research and Numerical Simulation on Aerodynamic Deloading Characteristics of V-Shaped Noise Barrier

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-773
Author(s):  
Ji Zhao ◽  
Ning Zhi ◽  
Lu Ming
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Field Test ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
Aerodynamic Load ◽  
Noise Barrier ◽  
The Impact

With the rapid development of the high-speed railway in China, the problems of the noise pollution induced by passing trains emerge. Theoretically, the V-shaped noise barrier is of pretty good performance of noise-reduction and load-shedding. To assess the practical aerodynamic deloading characteristics of the V-shaped noise barrier, a full-scale field test was carried out at three measuring-sections equipped with noise barriers of different heights. In order to quantify the research work, the impact strength and deloading rate were selected as indicators. The effects of train speeds, train types and barrier heights are studied. This study includes the variations of impact strength and deloading rate in vertical directions. Meanwhile, 2D numerical simulation research is conducted to analyze the experimental results from the angle of mechanism. It is observed that the aerodynamic load acting on the surface of the V-shaped noise barrier was weaker and more uniform compared with conventional barrier. The flow field distribution influenced the deloading characteristics of the V-shaped noise barrier significantly. Moreover, the load-shedding effect of V-shaped noise barrier, when CRH380AM passed by, was slightly better than CRH380A. The deloading rate improved with the increasing of the noise barrier height in general.

Manufacturing Method of PM Components with Integrated Information Storage

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Arno Behrens ◽  
Najmeh Vahed ◽  
Edin Gastan ◽  
Fabian Lange
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sintering Processes

This paper presents a research work within Collaborative Research Centre 653 “Gentelligent Components in Their Lifecycle”. The term “gentelligent” refers to the genetic and intelligent character of these components. Specific data are inherently saved in the components which are used during its lifecycle for the means of identification, processing and reproduction. The presented study aims for the development of a method to manufacture and utilize gentelligent sintered parts. As data carrier, foreign materials shaped in fonts, logos or codes, are embedded in the powder material proceeded by pressing and sintering processes. The foreign material can be applied in forms of particles or compound powder. The information read-out is based on radiographic methods. The objectives of the investigations are the determination of the process parameters of each method and the impact of the integrated foreign materials on the mechanical properties of the component. The experimental studies are supported by numerical simulations.

scholarly journals Regularities in the washing out of water-soluble phosphorus-ammonium salts from the fire-protective coatings of timber through a polyurethane shell

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10 (110)) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Yuriy Tsapko ◽  
Roman Vasylyshyn ◽  
Oleksandr Melnyk ◽  
Vasyl Lomaha ◽  
Аleksii Tsapko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Moisture Diffusion ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Fire Retardants

The analysis of fire-protective materials for wooden building structures was carried out and the need to develop reliable methods for studying the process of washing out fire retardants from the surface of the building structure, which is necessary for the creation of new types of fire-protective materials, was established. That is why there arises a need to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier for washing out and to establish a mechanism for inhibition of moisture transmission to the material. In this regard, a mathematical model was built of washing out fire retardants using a polymeric shell made of organic material as a coating, which makes it possible to estimate the effectiveness of a polymer shell by the amount of the washed-out fire retardant. According to the experimental data and theoretical dependences, the dynamics of the release of fire retardants from the fire-protective layer of the coating was calculated; it did not exceed 1.0 %, and therefore, ensures fire protection of timber. The results of determining the weight loss of the sample under the influence of water indicate the ambiguous impact of the nature of protection on the washout. In particular, this implies the availability of data sufficient for performing a high-quality process of moisture diffusion inhibition and, based on it, detection of the moment, from which a decrease in efficiency of a coating begins. The experimental studies proved that a sample of fire-protected timber after exposure to water for 30 days withstood the influence of a heat flow. In particular, the loss of timber weight after the temperature exposure was less than 6 %, and the temperature of flue gases did not exceed 185 °C. Thus, there is a reason to assert the possibility of directed control of the processes of fire protection of timber through the use of polymer coatings capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of fire-protected material, which inhibits the rate of washing out the fire retardants

scholarly journals Fire Safety Design in Building

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Maksum Tanubrata
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Safety Planning ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Partition Walls ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Fire Safety Design

The main themes for fire safety planning may be described as follows ; Prevention of outbreak and growth of fire , Fire protection of Building structures, smoke control and escape planning. Fire load in a building can be roughly classified into 3 groups: (a). buildings materials, (b). furniture, and (c). daily goods. Building materials including linings, interior material of walls, ceilings, floors, partition walls, etc, and daily goods such as books, clothes, and so on.

Ensuring Fire Safety of Packages and Containers Made of Wood

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
K.D. Isavnina ◽  
◽  
V.V. Ushanov ◽  
V.I. Shelkunov ◽  
N.I. Konstantinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Long Term Storage

The possibility of developing a methodology for conducting tests to assess flame retardness of packages for storing hazardous substances, materials, or products, as well as the use of the efficient integrated means of modifying wood for their manufacture is considered. The analysis of the basic principles of the methodology of testing the building structures and products of the current standards showed the fundamental possibility of assessing the level of protection of explosive substances, materials or products contained in the package from the effects of fire hazards in the time from the beginning of tests under standard temperature conditions to the occurrence of the standardized limit states. To carry out studies on the assessment of flame retardness of the wooden packages, the means were selected that ensure not only their fire protection, but also weather resistance and moisture resistance, as well as strength. Comparative experimental studies of flame retardness allowed to assess behavior of the wooden packages during complex processing, and to show the advantages of their use to ensure integrity, thermal insulation capacity and the possibility of long-term storage while maintaining the main operational properties. As a result, the principal possibility of using standard equipment and measuring instruments in accordance with GOST 30247.0—94 was established, the main criteria for the assessment of flame retardness were developed, the efficiency of fire protection, as well as the strength characteristics of a complex tool for its possible use in the manufacture of structural elements and wood products, were studied.

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