Grass Carp: A Fish for Biological Management of Hydrilla and Other Aquatic Weeds in Florida

Abundant growth of aquatic plants causes serious problems in ponds, lakes, rivers, and irrigation and drainage throughout Florida. In some situations, native aquatic plants become weeds, but most often exotic plants introduced from areas outside the state flourish under the favorable growing conditions found in Florida. Long-term economical solutions to Florida’s aquatic weed problems have been elusive and there is a need for control techniques to alleviate aquatic weed problems. This 6-page fact sheet provides information on a biological method, the grass carp, for management of some of Florida’s aquatic weed problems. Written by David L. Sutton and Vernon V. Vandiver, Jr., and published by the UF Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, November 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fa043

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Long-term in vitro Storage Technique of Valuable Birch Genotypes and Plant Production on its Basis

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-3-57-67 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 57-67

Author(s):

T.M. Tabatskaya ◽

N.I. Vnukova

Keyword(s):

Plant Production ◽

High Survival ◽

Ex Vitro ◽

Regenerative Capacity ◽

In Vitro Storage ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

Regenerated Plants ◽

Growing Conditions

A technique for the long-term (up to 27 years) in vitro storage of valuable birch genotypes under normal (25 °C, 2.0 klx, 16-h day and 8-h night) and low temperature (4 °C, 0.5 klx, 6-h day and 18-h night) growing conditions on hormone-free media has been described. The study explored for the first time the influence of different strategies to store the clones of Betula pubescens and B. pendula var. сarelica (6 genotypes) on the regenerative capacity of collection samples, adaptive potential of regenerated plants and plant production by the in vitro and ex vitro techniques. It was established that both storage strategies provided a persistently high survival rate (82-100%) and regenerative capacity of in vitro shoots (the multiplication coefficient of 4.2-6.3 and rhizogenic activity of 90-100%). The clones retained their characteristics of height growth under the in vitro and ex vitro conditions, and demonstrated intraclonal homogeneity and lack of signs of somaclonal variability. The plants showed substantial interspecific differences at the stage of multiplication and transfer to the greenhouse. The highest percentage of acclimated plants (75-98% depending on the clone genotype) was obtained after planting of micro plants straight in the greenhouse, which simplified the technology and made plant production less costly. long-term in vitro storage, birch, species, genotype, micropropagation, ex vitro adaptation, plant material

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Imitated Whole Tree Harvesting Show Negligible Effect on Economic Value of Spruce Stands

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12070841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 841

Author(s):

Iveta Desaine ◽

Annija Kārkliņa ◽

Roberts Matisons ◽

Anna Pastare ◽

Andis Adamovičs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Economic Value ◽

Forest Types ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

The Difference ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Whole Tree Harvesting ◽

Whole Tree ◽

Tree Harvesting

The increased removal of forest-derived biomass with whole-tree harvesting (WTH) has raised concerns about the long-term productivity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. If true, this effect needs to be factored in the assessment of long-term feasibility to implement such a drastic forest management measure. Therefore, the economic performance of five experimental plantations in three different forest types, where in 1971 simulated WTH event occurred, was compared with pure, planted and conventionally managed (CH) Norway spruce stands of similar age and growing conditions. Potential incomes of CH and WTH stands were based on timber prices for period 2014–2020. However, regarding the economics of root and stump biomass utilization, they were not included in the estimates. In any given price level, the difference of internal rate of return between the forest types and selected managements were from 2.5% to 6.2%. Therefore, Norway spruce stands demonstrate good potential of independence regardless of stump removal at the previous rotation.

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Mutations in Phytoene Desaturase Gene in Fluridone-Resistant Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) Biotypes in Florida

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-07-011.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 412-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Atul Puri ◽

Gregory E. MacDonald ◽

Fredy Altpeter ◽

William T. Haller

Keyword(s):

Herbicide Resistance ◽

Single Point ◽

Hydrilla Verticillata ◽

The United States ◽

Phytoene Desaturase ◽

Day Length ◽

Single Point Mutation ◽

Aquatic Weed ◽

Systemic Control

Hydrilla is one of the most serious aquatic weed problems in the United States, and fluridone is the only U.S. Environment Protection Agency (USEPA)–approved herbicide that provides relatively long-term systemic control. Recently, hydrilla biotypes with varying levels of fluridone resistance have been documented in Florida. One susceptible and five fluridone-resistant biotypes of hydrilla varying in resistance levels were maintained in 950-L tanks under ambient sunlight and day-length conditions from September 2004 to September 2005 in absence of fluridone. Because fluridone is an inhibitor of the enzyme phytoene desaturase (PDS), the gene for PDS (pds) was cloned from fluridone-susceptible and -resistant hydrilla biotypes. Somatic mutations in amino acid 304 of hydrilla PDS are known to confer herbicide resistance. We determinedpdssequence from these hydrilla biotypes at planting and 12-mo after planting. Two independent mutations at the arginine 304 codon ofpdswere found in the resistant hydrilla plants. The codon usage for arginine 304 is CGT, and a single point mutation yielding either serine (AGT) or histidine (CAT) was identified in different resistant hydrilla biotypes. There were no differences at codon 304 in the PDS protein of any hydrilla biotype 12-mo after planting. Several other mutations were also found in resistantpdsalleles, though their possible role in herbicide resistance is unclear.

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Preliminary Studies with Grass Carp for Aquatic Weed Control

The Progressive Fish-Culturist ◽

10.1577/1548-8640(1965)27[207:pswgcf]2.0.co;2 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 207-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

James W. Avault

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Grass Carp ◽

Aquatic Weed

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Biochemical investigations on the protein-calorie availability in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) from an aquatic weed (Ceratophyllum demersum Linn.) in the tropics

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/0044-8486(87)90363-2 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 113-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ansuman Hajra

Keyword(s):

Grass Carp ◽

Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽

Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽

Aquatic Weed ◽

Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽

The Tropics

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Long- and Short-Term Changes of the Structure of Macrophytes in Lake Piaseczno in Relation to Land Use in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland (Poland)

Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research ◽

10.2478/trser-2013-0022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

Joana Sender ◽

Weronika Maślanko

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Short Term ◽

Main Interest ◽

Central European ◽

Macrophyte Communities ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Very High ◽

Macrophyte Structure

ABSTRACT The Łęczna-Włodawa Plain, known also as the Łęczna-Wlodawa Lakeland, lies within the territory of the largest subregion of the Polesie region, covering over 1,300 km2. The main interest of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland is that it is the oldest in the Central European Lowlands group of about 68 lakes. Among such a large number of lakes there exist all trophic types. However, since the late 1950’s, enormous dynamics of change associated with the disappearance of oligo- and mesotrophic lakes and their transformation into eutrophic, even hypertrophic, lakes have been observed. One of the biocenotic elements of the lakes, which are indicators of these changes, is aquatic plants. The aim of this study was to determine the macrophyte structure of Piaseczno Lake and changes of land use in its surroundings. Piaseczno Lake still represents very high natural values. A reduction in the number of macrophyte communities, which occurred especially in 2008, was a consequence of the fast-growing recreation infrastructure. From 1976 until 2010 an area of recreation infrastructure in the studied area increased more than 3.5 times, and in the built-up area more than five times, as well as a doubling of the total length of the roads. Meanwhile the surface area of wetlands and peatbogs significantly decreased - more than 11 times. Long-term changes in the structure of the macrophyte communities show that the number of communities has varied in each year, probably as a consequence of changes in landuse. Analysis showed changes to the surfaces inhabited by macrophytes, which have decreased significantly over only four years, by more than 25%. However, the proportion of rush communities has increased.

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Grassland communities in the USA and expected trends associated with climate change

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1673 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David Paul Belesky ◽

Dariusz Piotr Malinowski

Keyword(s):

Net Primary Productivity ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Global Trends ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

The Usa ◽

Grassland Communities ◽

Growing Conditions

Grasslands, including managed grazinglands, represent one of the largest ecosystems on the planet. Managed grazinglands in particular tend to occupy marginal climatic and edaphic resource zones, thus exacerbating responses in net primary productivity relative to changes in system resources, including anthropogenic factors. Climate dynamism, as evident from the fossil record, appears to be a putative feature of our planet. Recent global trends in temperature and precipitation patterns seem to differ from long-term patterns and have been associated with human activities linked with increased greenhouse gas emissions; specifically CO2. Thus grasslands, with their diverse floristic components, and interaction with and dependence upon herbivores, have a remarkable ability to persist and sustain productivity in response to changing resource conditions. This resistance and resilience to change, including uncertain long-term weather conditions, establishes managed grasslands as an important means of protecting food security. We review responses of grassland communities across regions of the USA and consider the responses in productivity and system function with respect to climatic variation. Research is needed to identify plant resources and management technologies that strengthen our ability to capitalize upon physiological and anatomical features prevalent in grassland communities associated with varying growing conditions.

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Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment

Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment ◽

10.47886/9781934874080.ch33 ◽

2009 ◽

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Histories ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Partial Migration ◽

Environmental Stochasticity ◽

Species Dynamics ◽

Life Cycle Pattern ◽

Aquatic Sciences ◽

Diversity Of Life

Abstract.-In the study of species life histories and the structure of diadromous populations, an emerging trend is the prevalence of life cycle diversity-that is, individuals within populations that do not conform to a single life cycle pattern. A rapid rise in publications documenting within-population variability in life cycles has resulted in the use of numerous terms and phrases. We argue that myriad terms specific to taxa, ecosystem types, and applications are in fact describing the same phenomenon-life cycle diversity. This phenomenon has been obscured by the use of multiple terms across applications, but also by the overuse of typologies (i.e., anadromy, catadromy) that fail to convey the extent of life cycle variations that underlay population, metapopulation, and species dynamics. To illustrate this, we review migration and habitat-use terms that have been used to describe life cycles and life cycle variation. Using a citation index (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts © Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts), terms were tallied across taxonomic family, ecosystem, type of application, analytical approach, and country of study. Studies on life cycle diversity have increased threefold during the past 15 years, with a total of 336 papers identified in this review. Most of the 40 terms we identified described either sedentary or migratory lifetime behaviors. The sedentary-migratory dichotomy fits well with the phenomenon of partial migration, which has been commonly reported for birds and Salmonidae and is postulated to be the result of early life thresholds (switch-points). On the other hand, the lexicon supports alternate modes of migration, beyond the simple sedentary-migratory dichotomy. Here more elaborate causal mechanisms such as the entrainment hypothesis may have application. Diversity of life cycles in fish populations, whether due to partial migration, entrainment, or other mechanisms, is increasingly recognized as having the effect of offsetting environmental stochasticity and contributing to long-term persistence.

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Needs and perspectives of odour research in the aquatic sciences

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.200 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 367-369

Author(s):

F. Jüttner

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Food Web ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Future Research ◽

Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽

The Common ◽

Aquatic Sciences

Over more than four decades odour research in the aquatic sciences has increasingly focused on cyanobacteria and the common odour-causing compounds, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. Success in future research requires a long-term perspective. Key areas for investigation are secondary metabolites and cyanobacteria, regulatory mechanisms for geosmin and other compounds' synthesis; understanding their spatial and temporal distribution (particularly relating to the food web in a habitat); and molecular mechanisms for liberation of geosmin by microorganisms.

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