Preliminary study of closed system transportation, rearing and observation of the eggs Oryzias javanicus (Bleeker 1854) from Tunda Island

Wild Oryzias javanicus from Tunda Island has potential as a native Indonesian aquatic ornamental fish and a model for research in the laboratory. The preliminary stage for raising wild fish is transporting from nature to the aquacul-ture environment. Generally, to minimize fish stress during transport in a closed system, anesthetics are added to the transport media. Furthermore, good adaptation in the aquaculture environment will lead to the process of reproduction as the ultimate goal of domestication of wild fish. The research objective is to analyze the transportation of closed systems and the rearing of O. javanicus post-transportation from Tunda Island. Research observations were carried out on behavior, survival, the number of eggs, and male: female sex ratio. Transport using an additional anesthetic treatment of 0.4 mL L-1 and without anesthesia, with fish density of 16 L-1. Anesthesia used is the commercial product Ocean Free® Special Arowana Stabilizer. Transportation is carried out for 11 hours. After that, rearing post-transportation is carried out for 16 days. The results showed that the transportation of O. javanicus can use a closed system without the addition of anesthesia with a density of 16 L-1 for 11 hours. In post-transport maintenance, fish begin active swimming on day 5, swim in groups continuously on day 6, start responding to natural food on day 3 and artificial feed on day 7, and produce a final survival of 91.67%. During maintenance, O. javanicus produces 104 eggs, 0.94 ± 0.06 mm in diameter and has an attaching filaments and a non-attaching filaments in the chorion. Oryzias javanicus is an egg depositor that can spawn with a 1: 1 and 1: 2 sex ratio.

Download Full-text

Preliminary Study Rearing of Oryzias sp. from Tunda Island, Indonesia, Under Laboratory Condition

Musamus Fisheries and Marine Journal ◽

10.35724/mfmj.v2i1.1872 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 24-34

Author(s):

Muh. Herjayanto ◽

Annisa Misykah Mauliddina ◽

Esa Rama Widiyawan ◽

Nugroho Agung Prasetyo ◽

Lukman Anugrah Agung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Condition ◽

Model Organism ◽

Ornamental Fish ◽

Fish Mortality ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Basic Information ◽

Hatching Process ◽

Preliminary Study

Oryzias sp. from Tunda Island, Indonesia has the potential as a model organism in laboratories and also ornamental fish. Basic information regarding maintenance during adaptation post-transportation from its habitat in nature, embryo incubation and maintenance of larvae is needed as a basis for breeding activities. The results showed that Oryzias sp. from Tunda Island can adapt, spawning and produce a total 262 eggs (diameter 0.88-1.02 mm) in a controlled environment. Eggs from spawning in nature begin to hatch on the 11th incubation day, the hatching peak occurs on the 13th day with a hatching process 4-9 days at 25-27oC. The hatching rate ranges from 57.14-100% and the survival of 5 days old lavae after hatching is 72.72-100.00%. The transportation technique in this study has not been able to suppress fish mortality during post-transportation rearing.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Body Composition and Fatty Acid Profiles between Wild and Cultured Rio Grande Silvery Minnows

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management ◽

10.3996/072016-jfwm-055 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 487-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Madison S. Powell ◽

Ronald W. Hardy ◽

Alison M. Hutson ◽

Louie A. Toya ◽

Douglas Tave

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Artificial Diet ◽

Condition Factor ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Wild Fish ◽

Natural Food ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Food Items ◽

Supplementary Feed

Abstract Federally endangered Rio Grande Silvery Minnows (RGSM; Hybognathus amarus) were raised in one of three culture regimes: intensively, with only a hatchery diet; semi-intensively with access to natural food and hatchery diet supplementation; and with only natural food available at the Los Lunas Silvery Minnow Refugium (Los Lunas, New Mexico), a naturalized conservation refugium designed to mimic the natural environment of the RGSM in the Rio Grande. The project compared each culture regime and assessed differences and similarities in lipid and fatty acid content between feeding an artificial diet and consumption of natural food items in this species. After 117 d, whole-body lipid levels and fatty acid profiles were measured in each group and compared with values for wild RGSM. Fish fed the hatchery diet exclusively or as supplementary feed had significantly higher percent lipid (15.5% ± 0.5% and 10.6% ± 0.1%, respectively) than fish raised without access to the diet. Both groups had significantly higher percent lipid than fish raised in the refugium or wild fish (8.3% ± 0.1% and 7.8% ± 0.2%, respectively). Condition factor differed among groups and was highest in fish fed the hatchery diet (1.00) followed by fish supplemented with the hatchery diet (0.93), refugium fish (0.91), and wild fish (0.90). In this respect, refugium fish appeared more similar to wild fish than fish fed the hatchery diet or offered the diet as a supplement. Comparison of fatty acid profiles among groups showed marked differences among wild fish, refugium fish, and those fed the hatchery diet, either exclusively or as supplementary feed. Total omega-3 fatty acids, expressed as percentage of total fatty acids, were highest in wild fish but similar among other groups. Total omega-6 fatty acids showed an opposite trend, with five to nine times higher percentages of linoleic acid observed among fish from the three culture regimes compared with wild fish. Significant differences in lipid content and fatty acid composition between wild RGSM and cultured silvery minnows reflected their respective diets and culture regimes. Given similarities in fat content and condition factor with wild RGSM, we conclude that fish in the refugium do not require supplemental feeding with an artificial diet for this type of naturalized conservation management. Results from this study show that RGSM readily forage on natural food items present and also artificial feed when available, indicating dietary plasticity, which is advantageous for fish culture and future recovery.

Download Full-text

DO BASINS AND BEAKERS NEGATIVELY BIAS DISPERSANT-EFFECTIVENESS TESTS?

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-835 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 (1) ◽

pp. 835-841 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tim Nedwed ◽

Tom Coolbaugh

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Closed System ◽

Water Surface ◽

Open Ocean ◽

Low Energy ◽

Energy Conditions ◽

Physical Constraints ◽

Oil Slick ◽

Closed Systems ◽

Dispersant Effectiveness

ABSTRACT Beaker and basin dispersant-effectiveness tests are used to help determine if application of dispersants in a real oil-spill incident is worthwhile. This paper provides evidence indicating that these tests negatively bias expected dispersion at sea because beakers and basins do not allow the spreading of oil slicks that occurs after application of dispersant in the unbounded open ocean. One reason is that closed system walls and/or oil-slick containment methods impose physical boundaries that restrict oil spreading. In addition to these physical constraints, surfactant films developed after applying dispersant form on the water surface surrounding an oil slick and act as chemical herders to keep slicks thick. This occurs in the field during a real incident and in beaker and basin dispersant-effectiveness tests. Surfactant films on the water surface, however, are fragile and can't persist in the open ocean but can persist throughout the short duration of standard dispersant-effectiveness tests. This paper provides a background discussion of how surfactant films contaminate the water surface on the perimeter of oil slicks to restrict spreading in both open and closed systems and evidence that these fragile films don't persist in the open ocean. The discussion is followed by a description of lab tests that showed even minimal water-surface contamination from the surfactants in a widely available dispersant significantly restricted spreading to keep slicks thick. Thick oil slicks, by their nature, will obviously require more turbulence to disperse than a thin film of the same oil. Thus, it is believed that the restricted slick spreading inherent in dispersant-effectiveness tests completed in basins and beakers results in significantly lower performance than would be expected at sea not only for heavier oils but for all oils in tests simulating low-energy conditions.

Download Full-text

E-Cigarettes: Policy Options and Legal Issues Amidst Uncertainty

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1111/jlme.12209 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (S1) ◽

pp. 23-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nancy Kaufman ◽

Margaret Mahoney

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Propylene Glycol ◽

Open System ◽

Closed System ◽

Open Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Legal Issues ◽

Policy Options ◽

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽

Closed Systems

E-cigarettes, sometimes referred to as ENDS (Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems), include a broad range of products that deliver nicotine via heating and aerosolization of the drug. ENDS come in a variety of forms, but regardless of form generally consist of a solution containing humectant (e.g., propylene glycol or glycerol), flavorings, and usually nicotine (some solutions do not contain nicotine); a battery-powered coil that heats the solution into an aerosol (usually referred to as vapor) in an atomizing chamber; and a mouthpiece through which the user draws the vapor into the mouth and lungs. The devices may be closed systems containing prefilled cartridges, or open systems, where the user manually refills a 1-2 ml. tank with solution. What started as closed-system cigarette-shaped devices marketed as an adjunct for smoking cessation, has transitioned rapidly to literally thousands of hip and funky-designed open-system hookah pens, vape pens, and modifiable devices. For younger people, these forms are the “in” thing, while traditional cigarette-shaped devices are “out.”

Download Full-text

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF LARVAL DEVELOPMENT Oryzias javanicus IN INDONESIA

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v9i1.17920 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Rachma Puspitasari ◽

. Suratno

Keyword(s):

High Salinity ◽

Larval Fish ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Test Organism ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Oryzias Javanicus ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Hatching Eggs ◽

Selection Of

Java medaka Oryzias javanicus potentially developed as test organism, represents the coastal region because it has a high adaptability in freshwater, brackishwater and marine environments. Utilization of it as a test organism has some obstacles such as lack of number of test organisms with same size or age. The fulfillment of number can be solved if the test organism is cultivated exclusively in the laboratory. This study was a preliminary study to get information about suitable salinity for spawning and hatching. Parameter observed were spawning ability in 0 and 20 ppt and hatching rate of egg among 0. 15 and 30 ppt and development of larval fish in 0 ppt. Result indicated that the fish was be able to spawn in 0 and 20 ppt. Eggs were hatched within 9 days in 30 ppt, faster than in freshwater and 15 ppt. In general, O. javanicus was be able to spawn either in freshwater or seawater, but there are differences in the behavior of fish in the laying of egg. Fish will carried their eggs in the abdomen in freshwater, while 20 ppt salinity fish tends to release the eggs. O. javanicus be able to live and lay eggs on freshwater and seawater. Selection of salinity is adjusted to test requirement in egg phase, pascalarva or adult. In general, breeding of fish easier and faster done in fresh water while hatching eggs take place more quickly in high salinity. Keywords: Indonesia, Java Medaka, Oryzias javanicus, test organism

Download Full-text

Open Content

Open Source Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch042 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 902-917

Author(s):

Nilesh A. Shewale ◽

Preedip Balaji B. ◽

Madhukar Shewale

Keyword(s):

Social Learning ◽

Closed System ◽

Knowledge Society ◽

The Other ◽

Creative Work ◽

Teaching Approaches ◽

Content Development ◽

Education Organization ◽

Closed Systems ◽

Open Content

The rapidly growing open content movement has intense outcomes and teaching approaches for the emergent social learning. Open content is any kind of creative work, or content, published under a license that explicitly allows copying and modifying of its information by anyone; on the other hand, a closed system follows a completely proprietary approach. In this chapter, the authors discuss open vs. closed systems, open content development process and model, challenges in content decision, 4Rs in open content, and tools. They also highlight some of the instances where open content has proved beneficial for the education, organization, and the users in building an open knowledge society.

Download Full-text

Natural food mastication capability in preschool children according to their oral condition: A preliminary study

Journal of Texture Studies ◽

10.1111/jtxs.12536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 755-765

Author(s):

Natacha Linas ◽

Marie‐Agnès Peyron ◽

Caroline Eschevins ◽

Martine Hennequin ◽

Emmanuel Nicolas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Natural Food ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Oral Condition

Download Full-text

Asymptotic expansions of moments of the waiting time in closed and open processor-sharing systems with multiple job classes

Advances in Applied Probability ◽

10.2307/1427326 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 813-839 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Debasis Mitra ◽

J. A. Morrison

Keyword(s):

Waiting Time ◽

Open System ◽

Closed System ◽

Asymptotic Expansions ◽

Queueing Networks ◽

Open Systems ◽

Asymptotic Series ◽

Processor Sharing ◽

Single Class ◽

Closed Systems

We present new results based on novel techniques for the problem of characterizing the waiting-time distribution in a class of queueing networks. We give effective methods for computing, for each of possibly several job-classes, the second moment of the equilibrium waiting time for closed systems as well as for open systems. Both open and closed systems have a CPU operating under the processor-sharing (‘time-slicing') discipline in which service-time requirements may depend on job-class. The closed system also includes a bank of terminals grouped according to job-classes, with the class structure allowing distinctions in the user's behavior in the terminal. In the contrasting open system, the job streams submitted to the CPU are Poisson with rate parameters dependent on job-classes.Our results are exact for the open system and, for the closed system, in the form of an asymptotic series in inverse powers of a parameter N. In fact, the result for open networks is simply the first term in the asymptotic series. For larger closed systems, the parameter N is larger and thus fewer terms of the series need be computed to achieve a desired degree of accuracy. The complexity of the calculations for the asymptotic expansions is polynomial in number of classes and, importantly, independent of the class populations. Only the results on the single-class systems, closed and open, were previously known.

Download Full-text

Analisis Kadar Timbal (Pb) pada Bedak Tabur dan Eyeshadow dengan Variasi Metode Destruksi dan Zat Pengoksidasi dengan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom

ALCHEMY ◽

10.18860/al.v7i1.7016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Diana Candra Dewi ◽

RIf'atul Mahmudah ◽

Oktrin Rustika Kumalawati ◽

Diana Amalullia

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Closed System ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Oxidizing Agent ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Powder Product ◽

Wet Digestion ◽

Closed Systems ◽

Loose Powder

<pre>Loose powder and eyeshadow are cosmetics often used by women in their daily activities. Some cosmetic products contain heavy metal in the composition. This study aims to determine the concentration of lead in the loose powder and eyeshadow both registered and unregistered at the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) in Malang. The destruction method used is wet digestion in the opened and closed systems with variations of oxidizing agents of HNO3 and HClO4. The concentration of lead was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results of destruction optimization on loose powder and eyeshadow showed wet digestion in closed system gave the best destruction results. The best oxidizing agent for both products is a mixture of HNO3: HClO4 (2: 1). Lead concentration in the loose powder product for samples A, B, C, D was 18.90±0.35, 19.10±0.46, 23.47±0.65 and 28.90±0.35mg/Kg, respectively. Eyeshadow samples of E, F, G, and H contained lead concentrations were 25.67±1.76, 34.23±0.57, 45.30±0.56 and 45.90±1.78 mg/Kg, respectively</pre><pre>Keywords: cosmetics, loose powder, eyeshadow, lead</pre> Bedak tabur dan eyeshadow merupakan kosmetik yang sering digunakan oleh wanita dalam kehidupaan sehari-hari. Beberapa produk kosmetik mengandung logam berat dalam komposisinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar timbal pada bedak tabur dan eyeshadow baik yang terdaftar dan tidak terdaftar di Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) di kota Malang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode destruksi basah (terbuka dan tertutup) dengan variasi zat pengoksidasi HNO3 dan HClO4. Kadar timbal dianalisis menggunakan spektroskopi serapan atom (SSA). Hasil optimasi desktruksi pada bedak tabur dan eyeshadow menunjukkan bahwa destruksi basah tertutup memberikan hasil destruksi terbaik. Adapun pengoksidasi terbaik untuk kedua produk tersebut adalah campuran HNO3:HClO4 (2:1). Kadar timbal bedak tabur pada sampel A, B, C, D masing-masing sebesar 18,90±0,35; 19,10±0,46; 23,47±0,65 dan 28,90±0,35 mg/Kg. Sampel eyeshadow E, F, G, dan H mengandung kadar timbal sebesar 25,67±1,76; 34,23±0,57; 45,30±0,56 dan 45,90±1,78 mg/Kg, berturut-turut.Kata kunci: kosmetik, bedak tabur, eyeshadow, timbal

Download Full-text

Optimization of reproduction of ricefish endemic to Southeast Sulawesi Oryzias woworae Parenti & Hadiaty, 2010 through different sex ratios in spawning

Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia ◽

10.32491/jii.v21i3.589 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 235-251

Author(s):

Mohamad Ayip Firmansyah ◽

Mustahal Mustahal ◽

Mas Bayu Syamsunarno ◽

Muh Herjayanto

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Ornamental Fish ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Male And Female ◽

Status Information ◽

The Difference ◽

Endangered Status ◽

Male To Female

Oryzias woworae has a beautiful color and has been traded as ornamental fish. This species is an endemic ricefish from Muna Island, Southeast Sulawesi, and is threatened with endangered status. Information on the optimal spawning sex ratio in O. woworae is unknown. This study aimed was to examine the optimization of reproduction based on the sex ratio of male: female broodstock O. woworae involved in spawning. The sex ratio of male: female spawning broodstock used were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The male and female brooders used had a total length of 3,1 ± 0,5 cm and 2,5 ± 0,5 cm. After adaptation, the broodstock of O. woworae was put into aquariums according to the treatment, and each container contained three spawning substrates. The harvesting of eggs on the substrate is carried out two times a day. The results showed that spawning O. woworae with a ratio of 1♂: 4♀ produced the lowest number of eggs and was significantly different with ratios of 1♂: 1♀ and 1♂: 2♀ (P<0,05). The ratio of 1♂ : 3♀ gave the highest egg hatching of 55% but was not significantly different from other treatments (P>0,05). The difference in male and female ratios did not affect the survival rate of O. woworae larvae (P>0,05), with values from 91,9-100%. The highest larvae produced was found in the spawning ratio of 1♂ : 3♀ with 37 larvae but not significantly different from other treatments (P>0,05). The water quality values during the study were temperature 26,5-310C, pH 5,5-8,8, and dissolved oxygen 5,3-6,0 mg L-1. O. woworae broodstock spawning can be optimized with a male to female ratio of 1:3.

Download Full-text