scholarly journals Effects of drought stress on germination and seedling growth of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Thắng Thanh Trần
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Parenchyma Cell ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Peanut is am essential legume and has many uses, such as producing oil, food, and fodder. However, with the negative effects of climate change, drought is one especially of the important issues that reduce the yield of peanut. Thus, in this study, the impact of drought stress on the peanut growth was investigated by using PEG-6000 to block pathways of water movement. The changes in morphological, physiological, and biochemical during the peanut growth under drought were analyzed. In the drought condition (-2 bar), the germination time of seed increased but the percentage of germination seeds decreased by approximately 50% compared to control. Besides, the shoot height, the number of leaves, the total leaf area, root length, and fresh weight were lower than that of control. Drought stress made the formation quickly of secondary xylem and phloem. Also, the process of lignification in the phloem parenchyma cell increased. These cell walls were much thicker than those in the control root. In the drought stress, the physiological and biochemical analysis showed that the content of chlorophyll a, leaf relative water content, and starch content reduced significantly in comparison to control. Similarly, the photosynthetic intensity, the activity of cytokinin, and gibberellin decreased. The reverse pattern can be seen in the content of carotenoid, epicuticular wax, proline, and total soluble sugar, respiratory intensity, the activity of catalase, auxin, and ABA activity.

scholarly journals Genotype-Site Interactions in Growth, Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Clones of Dalbergia Sissoo Roxb

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Rawat ◽  
S. Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Summary A plantation trial of six selected clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. laid out in randomized block design at four sites in northern India during July, 1996 was evaluated for growth, physiological and biochemical parameters. Genotype-site interactions were significant for collar diameter increment, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble protein, total soluble sugar and starch content at 5 per cent level of significance. The variability estimates for these characters also indicated strong genetic control than the environment. However, stomatal conductance amongst these clones exhibited strong influence of environment that was non-additive in nature.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Plant Growth-promoting Bacteria Alleviate Drought Stress in Walnut

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Behrooz ◽  
Kourosh Vahdati ◽  
Farhad Rejali ◽  
Mahmoud Lotfi ◽  
Saadat Sarikhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Drought stress is one of the main constraints limiting worldwide crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) such as Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillium lipofrum have been shown to alleviate drought stress effects. Therefore, the interaction effect of AM fungi [Glomus mosseae, G. etunicatum, and a mix of these (G. mix), and PGPB bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillium lipofrum)] was investigated in 1-year-old walnut seedlings (cv. Chandler) under normal and drought stress conditions. Drought stress reduced growth (plant height, root length, number of leaves, and fresh weight) and leaf nutrient content (N, P, and Zn) significantly of walnut plants. In contrast, proline, total soluble sugar, starch peroxidase enzyme activity, and total phenolic content of walnut leaves increased under this stress. Application of fungi or bacteria, and especially their simultaneous use, alleviated the negative effects of drought stress on walnut seedlings. AM fungi and PGPB increased significantly the content of some metabolites, including total phenolic content, proline level, peroxidase activity, total soluble sugar, and starch content as well as peroxidase enzyme activity. This led to an increase in walnut plant growth under the drought stress condition. Among AM fungi, G. etunicatum was more effective in reducing drought stress symptoms than either G. mosseae or the G. mix of fungi. In conclusion, use of G. etunicatum, along with PGPB, can reduce negative effects of drought stress on walnut seedlings.

scholarly journals Effect of New Pre-Emergence Herbicides on Quality and Yield of Potato and Its Associated Weeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9796
Author(s):  
Ibrahim S. Abdallah ◽  
Mohamed A. M. Atia ◽  
Amira K. Nasrallah ◽  
Hossam S. El-Beltagi ◽  
Farida F. Kabil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
The Impact

Potato is an economically important vegetable crop in Egypt. Weed infestation, especially broad-leafed, during the vegetative growth stage substantially affects both crop yield and tuber quality. In the current study, the impact of new ready-mix pre-emergent herbicides on broadleaf weeds, tuber yield, and quality was evaluated. The two-year field experiment comprised the following treatments: (1) Un-weeded control, (2) Hand hoeing, (3) Sencor, (4) Ecopart, (5) Zeus, (6) Kroki, and (7) Flomex. The results showed that weed control treatments significantly reduced the weed density compared to un-weeded control and the herbicides efficacy reached over 90%. The herbicidal treatments also significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes peroxidases (POX) and catalase (CAT) and improved the non-enzymatic antioxidant (carotenoids) compared to un-weeded control. Conversely, the higher content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in potato leaves was obtained for un-weeded control. Moreover, weed control treatments caused significant enhancement in plant growth parameters, yield, and its components in addition to tuber quality of potato. Compared to the un-weeded control, maximum tuber yield was observed in Flomex followed by Ecopart, Kroki, Zeus, and Sencor, respectively. The higher number of tubers and total yield were recorded in plants treated with Flomex plus compared to all the other treatments. Higher content of total soluble sugar, total soluble protein, and total starch content was observed in weed control treatments compared with un-weeded control. Based on Pearson’s correlation and heatmap analysis, the changes in agro-physiological parameters data are linked to the herbicidal treatments. The results indicate that the applied herbicides could be alternative products for Sencor and an option for controlling broadleaved weeds. However, further studies are needed to ensure their efficacy and safety under other conditions.

Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Poplar Plants to Drought Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARADHNA KUMARI ◽  
IM KHAN ◽  
ANIL KUMAR SINGH ◽  
SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 Alleviates the Effects of Drought on Wheat - Aphid Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haicui Xie ◽  
Fengyu Shi ◽  
Jingshi Li ◽  
miaomai Yu ◽  
Jia Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Aphid Populations

Abstract Due to rising concentration of atmospheric CO2, climate change is predicted to intensify episodes of drought, however, our understanding of how combined environmental conditions will influence crop-insect interactions is limited. The direct effects of elevated CO2 and drought stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) nutritional quality, insect resistance and their indirect effects on the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) performance are reported here. Elevated CO2 was able to alleviate low water content in wheat caused by drought stress. Both elevated CO2 and drought promoted soluble sugar accumulation in wheat. However, elevated CO2 decreased and drought increased the amino acid content in wheat. Elevated CO2 induced the down-regulation of jasmonic acid (JA) -dependent defense, but up-regulated the salicylic acid-dependent defense. Drought enhanced abscisic acid accumulation that promoted the JA-dependent defense in wheat. Aphid-induced phytohormone resistance in wheat was not influenced by elevated CO2 and drought. The negative effects of drought on the performance of the aphid population was offset by positive effect of elevated CO2. In conclusion, elevated CO2 can alleviate the effects of drought stress on wheat nutritional quality and resistance, which results in unchanged damage to wheat from aphid populations under future elevated CO2 and drier conditions.

scholarly journals QUALITY CHARACTERISTIS OF FRUITS AND OILS OF PALMS NATIVE TO THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (spe) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY DE FÁTIMA GUEDES DOS SANTOS ◽  
RICARDO ELESBÃO ALVES ◽  
EDY SOUSA DE BRITO ◽  
SILVANDA DE MELO SILVA ◽  
MARCIA RÉGIA SOUZA DA SILVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Palm Trees

ABSTRACT Native palm trees are highly important plant resources for the Amazon region; however, despite the great diversity and utilities, few species have been studied, requiring more comprehensive studies on quality and composition for species not yet explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of fruits and oils of palm trees from the Brazilian Amazon and to identify potential uses. Fruits from five palm trees (bacaba, buriti, inajá, pupunha, and tucumã) were evaluated for total mass, length, diameter, and yield, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), pH, SS/TA ratio, total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugar (RS), total pectin (TP) soluble pectin (SP), and starch. The oils from the edible portion of fruits were evaluated for acidity and peroxide indexes, oxidative stability, unsaponifiable matter, polar compounds and fatty acids composition analyzed by gas chromatography. Pupunha showed the highest yield of the edible portion (76.38%) and starch content (24.89%). The mesocarp of palm fruits showed SS values between 7.5 and 14.3 ºBrix, low acidity (0.30%), pH (4.2 to 6.3), higher content of total sugars in tucuma and reducing sugars in bacaba and 0.81% for total pectin. The content of lipids was high, ranging from 17.0% for pupunha to 38.3% for bacaba in dry basis. In buriti, tucuma, and bacaba oils, high content of unsaturated fatty acids was found, with more than 83, 75, and 61%, respectively. Therefore, not only fruits but also oils showed excellent quality and great nutritional potential.

scholarly journals Response of Mediterranean Ornamental Plants to Drought Stress

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Toscano ◽  
Antonio Ferrante ◽  
Daniela Romano
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Ornamental plants use unique adaptive mechanisms to overcome the negative effects of drought stress. A large number of species grown in the Mediterranean area offer the opportunity to select some for ornamental purposes with the ability to adapt to drought conditions. The plants tolerant to drought stress show different adaptation mechanisms to overcome drought stress, including morphological, physiological, and biochemical modifications. These responses include increasing root/shoot ratio, growth reduction, leaf anatomy change, and reduction of leaf size and total leaf area to limit water loss and guarantee photosynthesis. In this review, the effect of drought stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence is discussed. Recent information on the mechanisms of signal transduction and the development of drought tolerance in ornamental plants is provided. Finally, drought-induced oxidative stress is analyzed and discussed. The purpose of this review is to deepen our knowledge of how drought may modify the morphological and physiological characteristics of plants and reduce their aesthetic value—that is, the key parameter of assessment of ornamental plants.

scholarly journals Impact of Grapevine Red Blotch Disease on Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot Wine Composition and Sensory Attributes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3299
Author(s):  
Raul Cauduro Girardello ◽  
Monica L. Cooper ◽  
Larry A. Lerno ◽  
Charles Brenneman ◽  
Sean Eridon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Wine Composition ◽  
The Impact

Grapevine red blotch disease (GRBD) is a recently identified viral disease that affects grapevines. GRBD has been shown to impact grapevine physiology and grape composition by altering specific ripening events. However, no studies have been reported on the impact of GRBD on wine composition and its sensory attributes. This study evaluated the impact of GRBD on wine primary and secondary metabolites, in addition to its sensory properties, when making wines from Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grapes during two seasons. Wines made with GRBD-impacted fruit were lower in ethanol content when compared to wines made with grapes from healthy grapevines. This was attributed to the lower total soluble sugar (TSS) levels of diseased grapes due to delayed ripening at harvest. GRBD impacted wine phenolic composition by decreasing anthocyanin concentrations and increasing flavonol concentrations in some instances. Additionally, proanthocyanidin concentrations were also consistently higher in GRBD wines compared to wines made from healthy fruit. Descriptive analysis demonstrated that GRBD can impact wine style by altering aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel attributes. However, the extent of GRBD impact on wine composition and sensory properties were site and season dependent.

Regulation of 1-MCP-Treated Banana Fruit Quality by Exogenous Ethylene and Temperature

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jiang ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
J. He ◽  
L. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Temperature Storage

Ripe green banana (Musa sp., AAA group, cv. Zhonggang) fruits treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) significantly delayed the peaks of respiration rate and ethylene production but did not reduce the peak height. Mature banana fruits were also treated with 1-MCP for 24 h at 20 C and then exposed to 50 mL/L ethylene or stored at different temperatures to analyse the effects of external added ethylene. Reductions in firmness, titratable acidity (TA) and starch content (SC) of banana fruits were remarkably delayed by 1-MCP treatment. 1-MCP treatment also delayed the increase of total soluble sugar (TSS) and soluble pectin (SP) contents. Soluble solids (SS) content in the 1-MCP-treated fruit remained almost unchanged during the first 10 days of storage at 20 C. No significant differences in TA, TSS, SP and SS levels were observed between the fruit treated with 1-MCP alone and the fruit treated with 1-MCP plus ethylene. The 1-MCP effects on all the parameters related to banana ripening were enhanced by low temperature storage and reduced by high temperature storage.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Dynamics of Pinus massoniana Lamb. Seedlings under Extreme Drought Stress and during Recovery

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Changchang Shao ◽  
Honglang Duan ◽  
Guijie Ding ◽  
Xianying Luo ◽  
Yuanhong Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Pinus Massoniana Lamb ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In recent years, global forests have been facing an increase in tree mortality owing to increasing droughts. However, the capacity for plants to adjust their physiology and biochemistry during extreme drought and subsequent recovery is still unclear. Here, we used 1.5-year-old Pinus massoniana Lamb. seedlings and simulated drought conditions to achieve three target stress levels (50%, 85%, and 100% loss of stem hydraulic conductivity (PLC)), followed by rehydration. Needle water status, gas exchange, and biochemical parameters were assessed during drought and recovery. The results showed that drought had significantly negative impacts on needle water status and gas exchange parameters, with gas exchange declining to 0 after PLC85 was achieved. Soluble protein concentration (SPC), soluble sugar concentration (SSC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and needle water-use efficiency showed fluctuations. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the values of osmotic regulators were then gradually decreased as the physiological and biochemical functions of seedlings were disturbed. Seedlings showed a stronger ability to recover from PLC50 than PLC85 and PLC100. We conclude that the physiological and biochemical recovery of P. massoniana seedlings is more likely to be inhibited when plants experience increasing drought stress that induces 85% and greater loss of hydraulic conductance.

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