scholarly journals Research on the behavior and activities of Vietnamese female travelers before and during outbound trips

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Vo Minh Hieu
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Technology Proficiency ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Vietnamese Women ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Geographical Scope

In 2020, more than 33 million people in Vietnam, over 50% of whom are women, join the middle class, living in large cities. Tourism, especially outbound tourism, is one of the 3 main spending needs of middle-class women. The female traveler market in Vietnam is gradually increasing in scale and considered to be a unique segment. In this research, based on the theory of planned behavior and diagram analyzing the process of visiting destinations, the author classified 4 groups of behaviors including destination selection, destination activities, destination spending, and reference information from 270 Vietnamese women on outbound trips by using descriptive statistics methods. The result showed that they share the common desires of culinary discoveries, the prevalence of self-sufficiency, technology proficiency, and the need to expand the geographical scope of destinations outside of Asia. From that, the research assisted international tour operator groups in Vietnam to formulate tour programs, PR and marketing strategy development proficiently, to offer the female travelers segment an excellent traveling experience.

Textbook Popery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra L. Yacovazzi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public School ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right ◽  
School Movement

By the 1840s, convent narratives gained more middle-class, respectable readers, moving away from descriptions of sex and sadism and focusing instead on convent schools and the education of young women. Popular works such as Protestant Girl in a French Nunnery described "tricks" used by nuns to convert female pupils and lure them into convents. Such literature warned that as neither wives nor mothers, nuns could not train the right kind of women for America. The focus on convent schools converged with the common or public school movement. At the same time, teaching became an acceptable occupation for women, prompting more women to seek opportunities for higher education. This chapter compares the approach to education among nuns and other female teachers alongside the caricatures of convent schools in anti-Catholic print culture. I seek to answer why convent schools faced such heightened animosity even as teaching became feminized.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Fischer-Lichte
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Court Culture ◽  
Common Root ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
German Court ◽  
The Ideal

The introduction ‘Philhellenism and Theatromania’ retraces the emergence of these two phenomena in the German middle class. The year 1755 marks a watershed in this regard: it saw the publication of J. J. Winckelmann’s treatise Reflections on the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks and the premiere of G. E. Lessing’s first domestic tragedy Miß Sara Sampson. Both share the common root and motivation once and for all to banish Frenchified German court culture. While Winckelmann’s treatise praised the ‘noble simplicity’ and ‘quiet greatness’ of the Greek masterpieces, Lessing’s play advocated new family values and the ideal of ‘naturalness’ as the true virtues of the middle class. The merging of Philhellenism as the cult of beauty with theatromania as the quest for identifying in a social group and as an individual provided the basic condition for staging Greek tragedies.

Flexible Selves in Flexible Times? Yoga and Neoliberal Subjectivities in Istanbul

Sociology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003803852199893
Author(s):  
T Deniz Erkmen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Neoliberal Governance ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Geographical Scope ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Yoga Practitioners

This article adds to contemporary analyses of neoliberal subjectivities by focusing on middle-class yoga practitioners in Istanbul, Turkey. Drawing on in-depth interviews, it questions the dominant interpretation of yoga as a form of neoliberal governance and suggests that within the nexus of neoliberal globalisation, autocratisation and precarisation, practices that are often labeled ‘lifestyle consumption’ might provide individuals with the discursive tools to question entrepreneurial norms. Expanding the geographical scope of existing research as well as providing a theoretically informed analysis of empirical data, the article makes an original contribution to understandings of neoliberal subjectivities by bridging work on neoliberal subjectivities and lifestyle politics.

scholarly journals Money priming and self-other focus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Genschow ◽  
Johannes Schuler ◽  
Emiel Cracco ◽  
Marcel Brass ◽  
Michaela Wänke
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Automatic Imitation ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Imitation Inhibition ◽  
Trial Basis ◽  
Cautious Interpretation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Explicit Measures

The self-sufficiency hypothesis suggests that priming individuals with money makes them focus more strongly on themselves than on others. However, recently, research supporting this claim has been heavily criticized and some attempts to replicate have failed. A reason for the inconsistent findings in the field may lay in the common use of explicit measures, because they tend to rely on one or just a few items and are thus prone to demand effects and low reliability. In the present research, we administered, in two experiments, the imitation-inhibition task—a robust, unobtrusive and reliable paradigm that is sensitive to self-other focus on a trial-by-trial basis. A pilot study found an increased focus on the self as compared to others when primed with money. Building on this finding, a preregistered high-powered experiment replicated this effect, suggesting that money primes may indeed increase a focus on the self. An additionally carried out meta-analysis indicates that automatic imitation is modulated by self-other focus and that money primes lead to a smaller focus on the self than conventional methods. Overall the found effects are rather small and several limitations, such as order effects, call for a cautious interpretation of the findings.

The Performance of British Agriculture and the Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy: An Historical Review

Rural History ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Burkitt ◽  
Mark Baimbridge
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

United Kingdom (UK) accession into the European Economic Community (EEC), which became a political likelihood in 1970 and an actuality in 1973, led to a major change in agricultural policy away from a deficiency payments system supporting farmers' incomes towards the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) method of assistance through farm prices above the market level. Such a basic alteration in government activity not only imposed well-known and thoroughly researched costs on the British economy in the form of higher food prices and an additional burden of protection, it also undermined dominant post-1945 historical trends.Firstly, it reversed a thirty year old process towards greater British self-sufficiency Between 1938 and 1946 UK agricultural production rose in value from 42% to 52% of the country's food imports, while under the deficiency payments scheme, permanently established in peacetime by the 1947 Agriculture Act, the proportion of UK food consumption supplied by domestic producers grew steadily until it reached a level of just under 72% in 1972. EEC membership, involving compulsory adoption of the CAP, initially reversed this movement; British agricultural self-sufficiency fell to 66% in 1977, the year when the Common External Tariff (CET) was first applied in full. The higher import bill that inevitably resulted imposed a severe strain on the UK balance of payments, estimated by the pro-market. Heath government in 1970 at a net annual deterioration in the range of 18% to 26%.

scholarly journals Marrying the perfect child — Middle class norms and intergenerational arrangements in the marriage corners of urban China

Ethnography ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 146613812096051
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Pettier
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Urban Families ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Generational Relationships ◽  
Single Child ◽  
Personal Success ◽  
New Generation

Caught in the context of a highly competitive development process, within the framework of a policy which limited their reproductive capacity to a single child, PRC urban families have, in recent decades, attached growing importance to their child's education, aiming to lead them to professional and personal success. This, however, also had an impact on the capacities of many young adults to marry early. In this context, the phenomenon of “marriage corners” mushroomed in large cities all over China beginning in the mid-2000s. Within China, this new practice generated criticism. These markets are seen as displaying conservative forms of marriage arrangement, the disregarding of romantic love, and forms of intergenerational power organization that may be considered backwards. However, by the criticisms it generates but as well the forms of relationships that it displays, the phenomenon can allow for a better understanding of the transformation of inter-generational relationships amongst urban middle-class, and on the norms framing the lives of the new generation.

From Apple to Orange: Narratives of Small City Migration and Settlement among the Urban Middle Class

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Ocejo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
New York City ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
York City ◽  
Small City ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The City

As large cities become unaffordable, some people in the urban middle class are moving to small cities but risk replicating gentrification and its harms. Based on a qualitative research project on Newburgh, a small city north of New York City, this paper examines the narratives that middle-class urbanites construct to make sense of this migration, their new urban environment, and their place within it. These narratives describe their decision to move (migration) and their everyday lives in the city (settlement). Most importantly, their narratives are shaped by their social positions as both displaced residents and gentrifiers and as both consumers and producers of space. But despite being self-aware gentrifiers, their settlement narratives lack reflections on their own displacement from New York City, and instead emphasize how they try to mitigate gentrification’s harms. The paper concludes with a discussion of what makes gentrifiers in small cities distinct from those in large ones.

The Endorsement of Traditional Masculine Ideology by South African Navy Men: A Research Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 106082652093358
Author(s):  
Jarred H. Martin ◽  
Charles H. Van Wijk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Research Report ◽  
The South ◽  
Military Establishment ◽  
Masculine Ideology ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Although the study of masculinity/ies in South Africa has been a point of academic interest, especially since the fall of apartheid; there has been little focus on masculinity/ies peculiar to the South African military establishment. Where there has been, this has focused on the army environment and adopted a smaller-scale qualitative approach. In contrast, this study focuses on the South African Navy. The study provides a brief report of findings from the administration of a traditional masculine ideology scale with 1,185 South African navy men, between 19 and 59 years of age (mean of 25 years). Descriptive statistics, a multiple regression analysis, one-sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were run to analyze the data. Results demonstrated that this sample of navy men significantly endorsed constructs of self-sufficiency, physical toughness, and emotional restrictedness, as dimensions of traditional masculine ideology. Avoidance of femininity and risk-taking were not significantly endorsed.

scholarly journals Exploratory analyses of migration timing and morphometrics of the Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos)

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-140
Author(s):  
Tibor Csörgő ◽  
Péter Fehérvári ◽  
Zsolt Karcza ◽  
Andrea Harnos
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Annual Means

AbstractOrnithological studies often rely on long-term bird ringing data sets as sources of information. However, basic descriptive statistics of raw data are rarely provided. In order to fill this gap, here we present the fifth item of a series of exploratory analyses of migration timing and body size measurements of the most frequent Passerine species at a ringing station located in Central Hungary (1984–2016). First, we give a concise description of foreign ring recoveries of the Common Nightingale in relation to Hungary. We then shift focus to data of 3892 ringed and 1499 recaptured individuals derived from the ringing station, where birds have been trapped, handled and ringed with standardized methodology since 1984. Timing is described through annual and daily capture and recapture frequencies and their descriptive statistics. We show annual mean arrival dates within the study period and present the cumulative distributions of first captures with stopover durations. We present the distributions of wing, third primary, tail length and body mass, and the annual means of these variables. Furthermore, we show the distributions of individual fat and muscle scores, and the distributions of body mass within each fat score category. We distinguish the spring and autumn migratory periods and breeding season and age groups (i.e. juveniles and adults). Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the analysed variables. However, we do not aim to interpret the obtained results, merely to draw attention to interesting patterns that may be worth exploring in detail. Data used here are available upon request for further analyses.

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