scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS IN TUBERCULOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Ninghot ◽  
Kanchan Mohod ◽  
Mohd. Sameer Khan ◽  
Azmat Kamal Ansari ◽  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Sputum Sample ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Immunological Markers ◽  
Tuberculosis Antigen ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis is major public health problem in developing countries like India.Millions of people have died from tuberculosis. Many times it is difficult to get sputum sample from the patients. Some tests lack specificity, some other lack sensitivity. Hence, there is need of precise and faster diagnosis for patients attending hospitals. In this study, we compared the detection potential of biochemical and immunological markers(ADA, LDH and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra ES-31 & EST-6 antigens & antibodies based ELISAs) in pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: 50 pulmonary tuberculosis cases confirmed by sputum examinationfor acid fast bacilli (AFB) and 50 age and sex matched control subjects were included in this study.ADA & LDH were estimated by using commercial kits. Tubercular antigens and antibodies were detected by ELISA method. Results: SerumADA detected pulmonary tuberculosis with sensitivityand specificityof 94%. Sensitivity and specificity of serum LDH in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis was found to be 94% and 36% respectively.Serumtubercular antigens detected pulmonary tuberculosis with sensitivity and specificity of 88%. Sensitivity and specificity of serum tubercular antibodies in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis was found to be 80% and 90% respectively. Conclusion: Adenosine deaminase has better detection potential over other markers in pulmonary tuberculosis. Keywords: Adenosine deaminase, Lactate dehydrogenase, Tuberculosis antigen-antibody

scholarly journals Adjunct therapy of Jivantyadi Ghrita with Anti Tubercular drugs in Rajyakshama (Pulmonary Tuberculosis) – A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandkishor Bhaurao Kale
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Adjunct Therapy ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Anti Tubercular Therapy ◽  
Present Case Study

Rajyakshma is oldest disease known to mankind as its first reference found in oldest literature Rugveda. It is called as King of Diseases, which indicates its severity. Tuberculosis remains major public health problem not only in India but also in world. According to WHO one third of global population is suffering from tuberculosis. Anti-tubercular therapy is long lasting and has many side effects, so it is necessary to develop adjunct therapy which will minimize the hazards and help patient to improve the immune status. Aims and objective – To evaluate the toxicity reduction and early restoration by adjunct therapy of Jivantyadi Ghrit.  Methodology - In the present case study DOTs therapy in the dose of 3 tablets once per day was given as an adjunct with Jivantyadi Ghrit 10 ml BD per day was administered for a period of 6 months in the diagnosed case of pulmonary tuberculosis. Assessment was recorded. Results – WBC count and ESR rate reduced to normal, Haemoglobin level increased, SGPT and Sr. Bilurubin level remains normal. Also significant resolution of lung Koch’s lesions was noted radiologically. Conclusion - Jivantyadi Ghrit as an adjunct therapy with DOTs reduces the side effects (especially hepatic) of DOTs therapy and also shows significant clinical improvement in sign and symptoms of PTB.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TERAPI ACTIVE CYCLE OF BREATHING TECHNIQUE (ACBT) TERHADAP FREKUENSI PERNAFASAN (RESPIRATORY RATE) PADA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM IMELDA PEKERJA INDONESIA MEDAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-506
Author(s):  
Eka Nugraha Varida Naibaho ◽  
Sri Mega Herlina Kabeakan
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
A Value ◽  
Post Test

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a major public health problem in the world and is the second leading cause of death from infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) therapy on breathing frequency in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Quantitative research method, with a Quasi Experimental research design with a pre-test and one-group post-test approach. The study was carried out in the Orchid room of the Imelda Indonesian Workers General Hospital in Medan in July - August 2021. The study population was 45 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and the sample technique of this study was Nonprobability Sampling. The number of samples was 41 pulmonary tuberculosis patients according to the researcher's criteria. The data analysis technique used is Wilcoxon test analysis. The results of the study There was an effect of breathing patterns before the administration of active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) Therapy on the improvement of respiratory frequency in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with a value of M ± SD = 17.1081 ± 2.94188. There is an effect of breathing pattern after administration of active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) Therapy on the respiratory frequency of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with a value of M ± SD = 27.0400 ± 2.82076. There is a difference in the effect of breathing patterns before and after administration of active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) therapy on the Improvement of respiratory frequency in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.005.   Abstrak Tuberkulosis paru adalah masalah pokok kesehatan pada masyarakat didunia dan merupakan penyebab kematian ke dua dari penyakit infeksi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian terapi active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) terhadap frekuensi pernafasan pada penderita tuberkulosis paru. Metode penelitian kuantitatif, dengan desain penelitian Quasi Eksperiment dengan pendekatan pre test dan post test one group. Penelitian dilaksanakan di ruangan Anggrek Rumah Sakit Umum Imelda Pekerja Indonesia Medan pada bulan Juli - Agustus 2021. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 45 orang pasien Tuberkulosis Paru dan teknik sampel penelitin ini adalah Nonprobability Sampling. Jumlah sampel 41 orang pasien tuberkulosis paru sesuai dengan kriteria peneliti. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisis uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian ada pengaruh pola nafas sebelum pemberian terapi active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) terhadap perbaikan frekuensi pernafasan pada penderita tuberkulosis paru dengan nilai M ± SD =17.1081 ± 2.94188. Ada pengaruh pola nafas sesudah pemberian terapi active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) terhadap frekuensi pernafasan pasien tuberkulosis paru dengan nilai M ± SD = 27.0400 ± 2.82076. Ada perbedaan pengaruh pola nafas sebelum dan sesudah pemberian terapi active cycle of breathing technique (ACBT) terhadap perbaikan frekuensi pernafasan pasien tuberkulosis paru dengan nilai signifikan 0,000 < 0,005.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Risk Factors for Hepatotoxicity in Patients Receiving Antitubercular Four Drugs Regimen in Initial Two Months

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Saifun Nahar Faiz ◽  
Nasreen Chowdhury ◽  
Md Aminul Haque Khan ◽  
Rukhsana Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Alcohol Intake

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Bangladesh since long before. Standard first line drugs are isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. Of these, isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide have been observed to have hepatotoxic potentials. Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity (DIH) is an important and commonly encountered adverse effect with anti-TB treatment. A higher risk of hepatotoxicity has been reported in Bangladeshi patients than in their western counterparts. The reasons for the higher rate of hepatotoxicity in Bangladeshi patients are unclear. Objectives: To know the possible risk factors for the development of drug induced hepatotoxicity and to see their association with hepatoxicity in patients receiving antitubercular treatment as per National Tuberculosis Control Programme. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional prospective study, 100 freshly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending the Medicine Outpatient Department, admitted in Chittagong Medical College Hospital, DOTS center in the hospital were selected for the study. Results: In this study we found twenty percent patients (20%) developed Antituberculosis Treatment (ATT) induced hepatotoxicity and most of them were in the age group of 50–65 years. Among the patients who developed hepatotoxicity (DIH) 27% patients were in BMI 18.5 group. The patients presenting with radiologically severe Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) developed higher hepatotoxicity than patients with milder disease. The patients with history of high alcohol intake and with pre-treatment hypoalbuminemia were also found to have higher drug induced hepatotoxicity as compared to non-alcoholics and normal serum albumin level respectively. This study showed the evidence of ATT induced liver damage in twenty percent (20%) patients. Among them 05% cases developed overt drug induced hepatotoxicity (DIH) and remaining 15% cases had asymptomatic elevation of serum ALT, AST and bilirubin levels. The remaining 80% cases did not show any significant change in their serum bilirubin and/or enzyme levels as compared to pre-treatment levels. Conclusion: Advanced age, high alcohol intake, radiologically severe disease before treatment and pretreatment hypoalbuminemia are predisposing factors for the development of ATT induced hepatotoxicity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22873 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 15-18

scholarly journals MODS-Wayne, a Colorimetric Adaptation of the Microscopic-Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) Assay for Detection ofMycobacterium tuberculosisPyrazinamide Resistance from Sputum Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Alcántara ◽  
Patricia Fuentes ◽  
Ricardo Antiparra ◽  
Marco Santos ◽  
Robert H. Gilman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis

ABSTRACTAlthough pyrazinamide (PZA) is a key component of first- and second-line tuberculosis treatment regimens, there is no gold standard to determine PZA resistance. Approximately 50% of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and over 90% of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) strains are also PZA resistant.pncAsequencing is the endorsed test to evaluate PZA susceptibility. However, molecular methods have limitations for their wide application. In this study, we standardized and evaluated a new method, MODS-Wayne, to determine PZA resistance. MODS-Wayne is based on the detection of pyrazinoic acid, the hydrolysis product of PZA, directly in the supernatant of sputum cultures by detecting a color change following the addition of 10% ferrous ammonium sulfate. Using a PZA concentration of 800 µg/ml, sensitivity and specificity were evaluated at three different periods of incubation (reading 1, reading 2, and reading 3) using a composite reference standard (MGIT-PZA,pncAsequencing, and the classic Wayne test). MODS-Wayne was able to detect PZA resistance, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.7% and 99.3%, respectively, at reading 3. MODS-Wayne had an agreement of 93.8% and a kappa index of 0.79 compared to the classic Wayne test, an agreement of 95.3% and kappa index of 0.86 compared to MGIT-PZA, and an agreement of 96.9% and kappa index of 0.90 compared topncAsequencing. In conclusion, MODS-Wayne is a simple, fast, accurate, and inexpensive approach to detect PZA resistance, making this an attractive assay especially for low-resource countries, where TB is a major public health problem.

scholarly journals Overview Of The Psysical Environment And The Nutritional Status Of Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis In The Lung Polyclinic Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi General Hospital at Desember 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
Enik Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Home Ventilation ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
The Subject

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that still become a problem in the world.In Indonesia, pulmonary TB become one of the major public health problem and has yet to be handleddespite tight TB control efforts through government programs. This study aimed to describe the physicalenvironment and the nutritional status of patients with pulmonary TB in the lungs RSU Poly NgudiWaluyo Wlingi. This was a descriptive study, the subject of the research was pulmonary TB patients inRSU Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi, Blitar. Data obtained by using questionnaires and direct observations onnutritional status. There were 40 subjects, 67.3% were male sex, 20%, of the respondents came fromGandusari region, 37.5% were aged between 36–45 years, 45% of respondents had elementary education,37.5% working 37.5% Farmers and private work. Physical environment or home environmentshowed results better home lighting 77.5%, 82.5% home ventilation was not good, the density of residents90% was not good and 90% good home floor. The state of nutritional status shows 60% BMI in thecategory thin. This study shows that patients with pulmonary TB in the lungs RSU Poly Ngudi WaluyoWlingi, have homes that did not meet health requirements, especially in home ventilation componentsand occupant density, but it also had an excellent nutritional status was not indicated by the majorityof BMI into the category of thin.

scholarly journals Risk for Severe Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Alcoholics and Diabetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balachandran J ◽  
Sreekumar B
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Minimal Disease

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem. Some patients present with minimal lesions where as others present with advanced lesions. Patients with advanced or severe disease have high morbidity and mortality. Their infectiousness is also high. This is a Case control study to identify the strength of associations between two important factors, namely alcoholism and diabetes mellitus, and severity of disease. There were 80 cases and 80 controls. Cases were patients with severe disease and controls were patients with minimal disease. Severity of tuberculosis was assessed by chest radiographic criteria as per American Thoracic Society recommendation. The study was done over a period of 18 months. Both inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in the selection of cases and controls. 46.25% of cases and 23.75% of controls were alcoholic. 15% of cases were suffering from diabetes mellitus whereas only 5% of controls were diabetic. Univariate analysis showed that both alcoholism and diabetes mellitus were significant risk factors. When the confounding effect of age was also taken into account, diabetes mellitus was not found to be a significant risk factor in causing severe pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore preventive measures may be targeted to alcoholics for the early identification of severe pulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer: simultaneous and sequential occurrence

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Rossato Silva ◽  
Dirceu Felipe Valentini Junior ◽  
Alice Manica Muller ◽  
Carlos Podalirio Borges de Almeida ◽  
Paulo de Tarso Roth Dalcin
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Common Histological Type

OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death and represents a major public health problem worldwide. Another major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries, is tuberculosis. The simultaneous or sequential occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis and LC in the same patient has been reported in various case series and case-control studies. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients developing tuberculosis and LC, either simultaneously or sequentially. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study based on the review of medical charts. RESULTS: The study involved 24 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and LC between 2009 and 2012. The diagnoses of tuberculosis and LC occurred simultaneously in 10 patients, whereas tuberculosis was diagnosed prior to LC in 14. The median time between the two diagnoses was 5 years (interquartile range: 1-30 years). Fourteen patients (58.3%) were male, 20 (83.3%) were White, and 22 (91.7%) were smokers or former smokers. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma, identified in 14 cases (58.3%), followed by epidermoid carcinoma, identified in 6 (25.0%). Seven patients (29.2%) presented with distant metastases at diagnosis; of those 7 patients, 5 (71%) were diagnosed with LC and tuberculosis simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, most of the patients with tuberculosis and LC were smokers or former smokers, and tuberculosis was diagnosed either before or simultaneously with LC. Non-small cell lung cancer, especially adenocarcinoma, was the most common histological type.

scholarly journals Significance of Adenosine Deaminase in Diagnosing Tuberculous Pleural Effusion in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital Kohalpur

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
B.K. Shyam ◽  
Sujeet Kumar Shah ◽  
Sumit Pandey ◽  
Sushil Baral ◽  
Sandeep Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Pleural Fluid ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pleural Biopsy ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in developing countries including Nepal. One of the common presentations of TB is pleural effusion. The diagnosis of tubercular pleural effusion can be difficult because of the low rate of detecting tubercular bacilli by direct stain and culture of pleural fluid for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). Pleural biopsy can be useful but is invasive and requires experts. In this context, pleural fluid Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) level has been proposed as easy, cheap and highly sensitive test for diagnosis of TB pleural effusion.Objectives: The present study was undertaken to define the role of pleural fluid ADA value in accurate diagnosis of Tubercular pleural effusion.Methods: A Prospective analysis of 68 patients admitted in Nepalgunj Medical College teaching Hospital was done from January 2014 to December 2015 with pleural effusion. Pleural fluid ADA level was evaluated in all patients, and significance of pleural fluid ADA level in TB pleural effusion was studied.Results: Age of patients were between 20 to 80 years, with the minimum being 20 years and maximum being 79 years. In this study 85% of cases had pleural effusion due to tuberculosis. Out of the 68 patients with pleural effusion, 58(85%) were finally diagnosed to be due to tuberculosis, 2 were diagnosed to be due to malignancy, 4 due to pneumonia leading to parapneumonic effusion, 1 due to congestive heart failure and 3 due to nephrotic syndrome.Conclusion: It is difficult to diagnose TB pleural effusion by other conventional methods, as it has also been shown in our study also. Previous literatures have also mentioned AFB detection rate to be low from pleural fluid sample. Determination of ADA is a cheap and easy test which we now consider in the early routine evaluation of patients with pleural effusions, particularly if diagnosis of tuberculosis is suspected and in places where prevalence of the disease is still high as is in our country. The other method considered for diagnosing TB pleural effusion is pleural biopsy which is invasive blind procedure and requires high expertise as well. JNGMC Vol. 14 No. 1 July 2016

scholarly journals Sputum smear conversion rate of adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment shortcourse in Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4782
Author(s):  
Vidya Basavaraju ◽  
Chetan Lakshmikantha Bukanakere ◽  
Damayanthi M. Nagaraj ◽  
Shashikala Manjunatha
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Year 2013

Background: Tuberculosis is among the most important causes of death from a single infectious agent and a major public health problem causing an enormous burden of disease and economic impact especially in the developing countries. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common form of tuberculosis causing >85% of all tuberculosis cases. The smear conversion rate is an operational indicator for the directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) strategy of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) in India.Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in DMC, RRMCH, in the first two quarters of the year 2013 i.e., from January 1st to June 31st of the year 2013. All 130 adult category I (new) sputum smear positive cases that attended DMC, and registered under RNTCP constituted the sample for the study. Data was collected by interview method by using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: Majority of the study subjects was >50 years, Hindus, illiterates, belonged to nuclear family from rural area belonged to upper lower socio-economic class. The overall sputum smear conversion rate is 92.4%. Lower sputum smear conversion rate was observed in the following risk factors like the male gender, smoking, diabetes, initial high pre-treatment smear grading and poor drug compliance.Conclusions: The overall sputum conversion rate at the end of two months of intensive phase under (DOTS) chemotherapy in 118 sputum smear positive (cat I) new pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Designated Microscopy and Treatment Centre (DMC) Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital was 92.4%.

scholarly journals Pulmonary tuberculosis among young children with severe pneumonia at Al Sabah Children’s Hospital, Juba, South Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Amanda Billy Berto Madison ◽  
Grace Ndeezi ◽  
Hassen Chollong ◽  
Justin Bruno Tongun ◽  
James K. Tumwine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Background: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem worldwide. It can present in an acute form especially in endemic settings,  which might lead to missed and delayed diagnosis, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality in children. South Sudan has a high prevalence of tuberculosis in the adult population. However, there is no published data on paediatric tuberculosis. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in children admitted with pneumonia in Al Sabah Children’s Hospital, South Sudan.Method: This was a cross sectional study of 404 children aged 2 to 59 months admitted with severe pneumonia from June-October 2018 at Al Sabah Children’s Hospital. We excluded children on anti-TB treatment. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire which captured socio-demographic characteristics, clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations. Sputum examination for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was performed for all participants using X-pert MTB/RIF. Additional investigations included Chest X-ray and blood count.Results: We recruited 404 children, out of which 78 (19.3%) had pulmonary tuberculosis. Of these, 13 (16.7%) were bacteriologically  confirmed while 65 (83.3%) were clinically diagnosed. The factors significantly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis were age above two years [AOR 2.32 (95% CI 1.04-5.17)] p value 0.039, positive HIV Status [AOR 24.2 (95% CI 2.88-202.62)] p value 0.003, severe acute  malnutrition [AOR 15.67 (95% CI 6.68-36.73)] p value <0.001, lack of BCG immunization [AOR 3.09 (95% CI 1.06-9.03)] p value 0.038, and contact with a known tuberculosis patient [AOR 55.14 (95% CI 10.12-300.6)] p value <0.001.Conclusion: There is a high burden of pulmonary tuberculosis in children presenting with severe pneumonia. There is a need for  screening for pulmonary tuberculosis in children with any of the associated factors to improve early diagnosis and treatment.

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