scholarly journals ROLE OF PAP SMEAR AS A SCREENING TEST IN PRECANCEROUS AND CANCEROUS LESIONS OF CERVIX.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. B. Naga Raja ◽  
Dr. Sridhar Reddy Bodhireddy
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cervical Smears ◽  
Cancerous Lesion ◽  
Carcinoma Of Cervix ◽  
Fourth Decade

Introduction: A pap smear is a simple, co-effective, non invasive screening test in detecting precancerous and cancerous lesion of cervix and also useful for early detection and implementation of appropriative treatment in pre invasive cervical lesions. Early epithelial changes are recognised by pap smear test. Based on pap smear results to educate the women regarding symptoms of cervical cancer. Aim: Based on results of study, to differentiate between pre invasive and invasive carcinoma of cervix. Materials and Methods: The present study was done over a period of three years period (February 2016 - January 2019). The total number of 966 cases was studied in department of pathology, Government medical college, Kadapa. All the cases were categorised based on cyto-morphological features of pap smear. Requirement of materials: Cervical smears, coupling jars, suitable fixative is Isopropyl alcohol, Alcohol fixed slides were taken for Papanicolaou stain. Results: The present study done on total 966 cases, out of these inflammatory lesions were 628 cases (65.01%), ASCUS were 228 cases (23.60%), LSIL were 62 cases (6.41%), HSIL were 28 cases (2.89%) and malignancy seen in 20 cases (2.07%). Predominate age group in ASCUS and LSIL was fourth decade. HSIL was seen in Fifth decade. Depending on clinical data predominant cases 760cases (78.67%) were presented with leucorrhoea. Keywords: Cervical smears, Papanicolaou stain, Cervical lesions

scholarly journals Diagnostic Modalities of Precancerous and Cancerous Cervical Lesions with Special Emphasis on CD31 Angiogenesis Factor as a Marker

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandana Sharma ◽  
Neetu Singh ◽  
Neena Gupta ◽  
Pavika Lal ◽  
Shefali Pande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Angiogenesis Factor ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

Objectives. To evaluate the role of angiogenesis tumor marker CD31 in the detection of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions and to compare its efficacy with colposcopy and histopathology. Materials and Methods. 230 patients with a suspicious looking cervix and an abnormal Pap smear attending the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of GSVM Medical College were subjected to a colposcopic examination. 180 patients with suspected colposcopic findings were subjected to a colposcopic directed biopsy. Biopsy tissues were sent for histopathological examination out of which 50 biopsied samples were sent for immunostaining of CD-31. Statistical analysis was done. Results. Comparison of microvessel density (MVD) count by haematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) and immunostaining of CD31 in preinvasive group were and , respectively, and in invasive group were and , respectively, which showed that MVD was higher by CD31 both in preinvasive and invasive group, and it was statistically significant. Conclusion. Angiogenesis is a marker of tumor progression, and CD31 fixes up vessel better as compared to HE, so aggressiveness of the tumor can be better predicted by MVD-CD31 as compared to MVD-HE.

scholarly journals Comparative study of effectiveness of pap smear versus visual inspection with acetic acid for mass screening of lesions of cervix

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2042
Author(s):  
Mercy Mrudula Dasari ◽  
Venkatalakshmi Anem ◽  
Sirisha Gunta ◽  
Satish Kumar Seeram ◽  
Bhagyalakshmi Atla
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide and more over in the developing countries, so there is a need to develop screening test with high specificity and sensitivity. Aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Papanicolaou (PAP) smear versus visual inspection acetic acid (VIA) for screening cervical lesions in patients and to determine and compare their sensitivity and specificity.Methods: The present study is a hospital based prospective study for a period of two years at the department of pathology from August 2014 to July 2016 consisting of 500 patients attending gynaecology outpatient clinic. Papanicolaou (Pap) smear tests and visual inspection acetic acid were employed along with complete clinical history record. The results of VIA were correlated with that of pap smear on the basis of sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value.Results: Out of 500 cases, most common age group was 21 to 40 years of age consisting of 305 cases - 61%. VIA was positive in 156 cases-31.2%, PAP smear positive for epithelial cell abnormalities were 60 cases-12%. VIA showed higher sensitivity (52.38%) compared to Pap smear (40%) whereas Pap smear showed higher specificity (93.2%) compared to VIA (92.4%).Conclusions: Papanicolaou test is a better screening test for epithelial cell abnormality than VIA. However, in countries with low resource settings where cytology-based screening programs are not available, VIA is a promising alternative.

scholarly journals Separation of Normal and Premalignant Cervical Epithelial Cells Using Confocal Light Absorption and Scattering Spectroscopic MicroscopyEx Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yang ◽  
Wen-Tao Liu ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Bo Ping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Absorption ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion

Confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic (CLASS) microscopy can detect changes in biochemicals and the morphology of cells. It is therefore used to detect high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) cells in the diagnosis of premalignant cervical lesions. Forty cervical samples from women with abnormal Pap smear test results were collected, and twenty cases were diagnosed as HSIL; the rest were normal or low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). The enlarged and condensed nuclei of HSIL cells as viewed under CLASS microscopy were much brighter and bigger than those of non-HSIL cells. Cytological elastic scattered light data was then collected at wavelengths between 400 and 1000 nm. Between 600 nm to 800 nm, the relative elastic scattered light intensity of HSIL cells was higher than that of the non-HSIL. Relative intensity peaks occurred at 700 nm and 800 nm. CLASS sensitivity and specificity results for HSIL and non-HSIL compared to cytology diagnoses were 80% and 90%, respectively. This study demonstrated that CLASS microscopy could effectively detect cervical precancerous lesions. Further study will verify this conclusion before the method is used in clinic for early detection of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Breakthroughs and Issues in HPV Genital Infections in relation to Cervical Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Farhat Hussain ◽  
Khairun Nahar ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
Mahbuba Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Neoplastic Process

The field of cervical cancer prevention is rapidly evolving because of identification of the cause of disease. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been recognized as a necessary cause of cervical cancer, and the association applies equally to both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma and is consistent worldwide. HPV 16 and 18 together attribute 70% of world's cervical cancer. HPV is highly prevalent among sexually active women and traceable in its natural history with technology that can detect HPV DMA at all stages of infection and neoplastic process. HPV DMA testing represents the scientifically obvious next step after Pap test for secondary prevention. A clinically validated and FDA approved HPV test has proven a substantial gain in sensitivity with a limited loss in speciality as compared to the standard Pap smear. We are now in the fortunate position of having two highly promising HPV vaccines in the pipeline. These vaccines today represent new hope for protection against cervical cancer, pre-cancerous cervical lesions and other HPV related condition for the current generation of adolescents, for the young and middle aged women as well as for the future generations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v1i2.12163 Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Vol.1, No.2, December 2009 p.27-30

scholarly journals Study the Rate and Causes of the Screening Test of the Cervix Cancer Among Women in Ardabil City

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Motavalli ◽  
Tavakkol Mousazadeh ◽  
Amir Mousazadeh ◽  
Ayda Fallah Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervix Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Cancer Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Cervix cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, particularly in developing countries and Asian countries that many science centers around the world consider the pap smear screening test as the best solution for the control of cervical cancer. Several studies have shown that to tend women for doing a pap smear is regularly decreasing, and about one-fifth of women have not had a pap smear. This study was done to investigate rate and causes of the cervix cancer screening test among women Ardabil. In this cross-sectional study, 300 women referred to health centers in Ardabil were selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected through a researcher made questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS Software version 18 and descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The rate of cervical cancer screening test in this study was 48%. The role of knowledge as personal factors of pap smear screening test was significant statistically (p<0.05). Among the risk factors for cervical cancer, there was observed significant relationship between uterine diseases history and number of pregnancies and pap smear test (p<0.05). Of family and social factors on women's education and employment, occupation and level of education was no significant relationship with using pap smear test. However, there was a significant relationship family history of cancer and pap smear test (p<0.05). In all, prevention is always prior to treatment. One of the prevention ways is the screening test. Early diagnosis and early treatment of cervical cancer has a key role. So the female population needs planning by intervention programs for health education and regular screening to prevent cancer.

scholarly journals Cytologic and colposcopic evaluation of all symptomatic women at tertiary care centre

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Richa Garg ◽  
Ranjana Desai
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Carcinoma Cervix ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Carcinoma Of Cervix ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Background: Cervical cancer in India ranks as the 2nd most frequent cancer among women and the 2nd most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age. Invasive carcinoma of cervix is preventable as it is associated with pre-invasive stage which occurs 10-15 years prior to it, thus permitting early detection by screening and leading to effective treatment and thereby reducing mortality rate with greater impact on lives saved. Objectives were to correlate the findings of Pap smear with colposcopy in evaluation of all symptomatic women; and to assess the utility of colposcopy in detecting the premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 200 symptomatic women attending the Gynecology OPD of Umaid Hospital Dr. S. N. Medical College Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India from February 2015 to October 2016. Evaluation of all symptomatic women done with Pap smear, colposcopy and biopsy in selected cases and findings were noted.Results: Commonest complaint was white discharge per vaginum in 58.5% followed by pelvic pain in 24% women. 8% women had abnormal pap smear findings with 4% of women had ASCUS, 0.5% had ASC-H, 3% had LSIL and 0.5% had HSIL,73% had inflammatory and 19% with normal smear. 38.5% had abnormal colposcopy with maximum 28% women had acetowhite lesions. Sensitivity of pap smear was 44.44% while sensitivity of colposcopy was 88.88%.Conclusions: Pap smear had poor sensitivity as compared to colposcopy. Hence simultaneous use of colposcopy has shown to increase in the rate of carcinoma cervix detection in symptomatic women.

scholarly journals Study the Rate and Causes of the Screening Test of the Cervix Cancer Among Women in Ardabil City

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Roya Motavalli ◽  
Tavakkol Mousazadeh ◽  
Amir Mousazadeh ◽  
Ayda Fallah Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervix Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Cancer Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Cervix cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, particularly in developing countries and Asian countries that many science centers around the world consider the pap smear screening test as the best solution for the control of cervical cancer. Several studies have shown that to tend women for doing a pap smear is regularly decreasing, and about one-fifth of women have not had a pap smear. This study was done to investigate rate and causes of the cervix cancer screening test among women Ardabil. In this cross-sectional study, 300 women referred to health centers in Ardabil were selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected through a researcher made questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS Software version 18 and descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The rate of cervical cancer screening test in this study was 48%. The role of knowledge as personal factors of pap smear screening test was significant statistically (p<0.05). Among the risk factors for cervical cancer, there was observed significant relationship between uterine diseases history and number of pregnancies and pap smear test (p<0.05). Of family and social factors on women's education and employment, occupation and level of education was no significant relationship with using pap smear test. However, there was a significant relationship family history of cancer and pap smear test (p<0.05). In all, prevention is always prior to treatment. One of the prevention ways is the screening test. Early diagnosis and early treatment of cervical cancer has a key role. So the female population needs planning by intervention programs for health education and regular screening to prevent cancer.

scholarly journals Assess the Knowledge Regarding Pap Smear Among Women

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
V. Kumari ◽  
Jayanthi V ◽  
Indira S ◽  
N Subhashini
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: Cervical cancer screening is an essential part of women’s routine health care. The Pap smear test is the way to detect abnormal cervical cells including precancerous cervical lesions as well as early stage cervical cancer. Objectives: 1.To assess the level of knowledge regarding Pap smear among women. 2. To find out the association between level of knowledge regarding Pap smear among women with their selected socio demographic variables. Methodology: Cross sectional descriptive research design was used to conduct research study. 30 women residing at Kamakshi Nagar in Nellore were selected by using non probability convenience sampling technique. Result: The result reveals that,out of 30 women, 17 (57%) had in adequate knowledge, 10 (33%) had moderately adequate knowledge and only 3(10%) had adequate knowledge regarding pap smear. Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of women had inadequate knowledge on pap smear test .hence there is a need to conduct awareness programme in community to raise the level of awareness on pap smear test

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
S. Preetika ◽  
Sahayaraj Sahayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynaecological cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the less developed countries. Cervical cancer may be prevented or diagnosed at early stages due to the easy accessibility and clinical evaluation of the cervix. A pap test is a simple, easy, painless procedure which can be carried out as an outpatient procedure to detect specic, nonspecic inammations, precancerous and cancerous lesions In our study we have analysed the results of PAP smears of women in all age groups and have tried to evaluate the prevalence of cervical lesions and the importance of cervical cancer screening. Material And Methods: Our study was conducted between October 2020 to JULY 2021 and patients who have visited the Gynaec OP during this period were included for this study. We received Pap smears from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, stained the slides with Pap stain and studied the smears according to the new Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology 2014. Results: In our study, majority of the patients were in the age group of 41-50 years. Smears showing ASCUS were 14 , LSIL reports were 5, HSIL reports were 4. No Smears showed squamous cell carcinoma in our study. Reports in our study like many other studies has shown the importance of Pap smear test in screening cervical cancer. By conducting health camps, increasing health awareness and performing Pap smear screening programmes the incidence of cervical carcinoma can be decreased.

scholarly journals Pap smear screening: a retrospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Anjali Soni
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Background: Cervical cancer is the seventh cancer in overall frequency, but the second most common cancer among women worldwide. The objective was to study the population undergoing pap-smear screening.Methods: It is retrospective study conducted in general hospital, GMERS Medical College Gotri, Gujarat, India. Total 1003 patients who attended OPD have undergone routine pap smear screening over period of 6 months from January 2016 to June 2016. Cytotological examination was done and test results were classified according to Bethesda system.Results: Abnormal tests were found in 36 patients.Conclusions: Pap smear a routine screening test offered to every woman who comes to our OPD irrespective of her complaints. Every woman at least once in her lifetime should go for pap-smear examination. It is effective screening test for cervical carcinoma. It is cost effective test with high specificity and very easy to perform so it becomes the method of choice for cervical carcinoma screening. With proper follow up patients with abnormal tests are screened and appropriate treatment is being offered to patients.

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