scholarly journals Biochemical and Histopathological Effects of Acute Exposure to Vinyl Acetate Monomer Vapour in Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Kingsley Chukwuemeka Kanu ◽  
◽  
Solomon Nnah Ijioma ◽  
Anthony Chukwubueze Okoboshi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Vinyl Acetate Monomer ◽  
Occupational Settings ◽  
Histopathological Effects

Background: Vinyl acetate monomer is a commodity chemical widely used in the manufacturing of various products. The chemical is hazardous and exposure to it may occur in both occupational and non-occupational settings. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of short-term exposure to Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) vapour on the liver and lungs of Wistar rats. Methods: Mice weighing 25-30g were used to determine the acute lethal dose, while Wistar rats weighing 120-140g were randomly assigned to a control group and two experimental groups, which were exposed daily to VAM vapour for 2 or 4 hours. On the 5th day, rats were sacrificed, the blood was collected for biochemical analysis while liver and lungs were examined for histological alterations. Results: The acute lethal dose of VAM vapour was estimated to be 173.21 mg/kg body weight. A significant decline in total protein (6.725±0.10 g/dl; p<0.05) and increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 33±1.47 u/l), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 44±1.08 u/l), alkaline phosphatase (ALP u/l; 76.42±1.43), urea (22.89±0.93 mg/l), bilirubin (0.84±0.03 mg/dl) and creatinine (1.04±0.07 mg/dl) occurred in the experimental rats compared to the controls. Portal inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatitis were observed in the liver, while collapsed air spaces, thickened alveolar walls and haemorrhage were demonstrated in the lungs of the experimental rats. The extent of these lesions increased with rising exposure time to VAM vapour. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that VAM liquid was moderately toxic, while short-term exposure to VAM vapour was injurious to the lungs and liver of Wistar rats.

Ethyl benzene should be considered ototoxic at occupationally relevant exposure concentrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vyskocil ◽  
T Leroux ◽  
G Truchon ◽  
F Lemay ◽  
M Gendron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Combined Exposure ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Permissible Exposure Limits ◽  
Occupational Settings

Organic solvents can produce ototoxic effects in both man and experimental animals. The objective of this study was to review the literature on the effects of low-level exposure to ethyl benzene on the auditory system and consider its relevance for the occupational settings. Both human and animal investigations were evaluated only for realistic exposure concentrations based on the permissible exposure limits. In Quebec, the Time-Weighed Average Exposure Value for 8 h (TWAEV) is 100 ppm (434 mg/m3) and the Short-Term Exposure Value for 15 min (STEV) is 125 ppm (543 mg/m3). In humans, the upper limit for considering ototoxicity data relevant to the occupational exposure situation was set at STEV. Animal data were evaluated only for exposure concentrations up to 100 times the TWAEV. In workers, there is no evidence of either ethyl benzene-induced hearing losses or ototoxic interaction after combined exposure to ethyl benzene and noise. In rats, ethyl benzene affects the auditory function mainly in the cochlear mid-frequency range and ototoxic interaction was observed after combined exposure to noise and ethyl benzene. Further studies with sufficient data on the ethyl benzene exposure of workers are necessary to make a definitive conclusion. Given the current evidence from animal studies, we recommend considering ethyl benzene as an ototoxic agent.

The influence of processing of hatching eggs by coniferous complex on fetal and postnatal development of quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
M. Zadorozhnaya ◽  
S. Lysko ◽  
O. Suntsova
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Maintenance Personnel ◽  
Experimental Group

The hatchery is an important link in the production process of a poultry enterprise, and therefore there is a need to take eff ective measures to prevent the penetration and spread of infection. For this purpose hatching eggs are processed, veterinary and sanitary measures are carried out using disinfectants. The most common chemical disinfectants, but many of them have a short-term eff ect and have a negative infl uence on the embryos, and the task of any incubator is to get high-quality young birds. In most cases poultry farms use formalin, which when used repeatedly has a negative enfl uence not only on the embryos and their development, but also on the maintenance staff . In this regard, the creation of non-toxic, highly eff ective, eco-friendly products that do not pollute the environment, inhibit the growth of microorganisms that do not aff ect the embryo and maintenance personnel is an urgent task for veterinary science and practice. One of these drugs is a complex of coniferous balsamic fi r. The purpose of our researches was to study the infl uence of treatment of hatching eggs with the new drug on the fetal and postnatal development of quails. Egg processing has been performed before laying and during transfer in 15,5 days: in the experimental group with coniferous complex, in the control group with formalin. Biological control has been carried out in 9,5 and 15,5 days, taking into account the hatchability of eggs, the livability and live weight of quails. Blood has been collected at the age of 7 and 14 days for biochemical analysis, examining it for the content of total protein, albumins and globulins. The complex coniferous balsamic fi r did not have the negative infl uence on the fetal and postnatal development of the resulting young birds increased the hatchability of eggs, the livability and live weight of quails. Thus, the live weight of quails in the experimental group at the age of 7 days exceeded the control by 2,3 %, and at 14 days by 0,3 %. The livability of quails obtained from eggs treated with the studied drug the period of 1–14 days was 2,0 % higher compared to the control group.

Impaired Regeneration in Rat Sciatic Nerves Exposed To Short-Term Vibration

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. STRÖMBERG ◽  
G. LUNDBORG ◽  
B. HOLMQUIST ◽  
L. B. DAHLIN
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Distal Nerve ◽  
Group B ◽  
End Group

We have studied the effects of vibration on the regeneration capacity of the peripheral nerve. A rat model was used where one hind limb was subjected to vibration of defined magnitude and duration while the contralateral hind limb was not exposed to vibration. Seven days later, the sciatic nerves were transected bilaterally and cross-joined giving the following groups: group A, a proximal vibrated nerve end sutured to a non-vibrated distal nerve end; group B, a non-vibrated proximal nerve end sutured to a distal vibrated nerve end, and group C, non-vibrated proximal nerve end sutured to a non-vibrated distal nerve end. The regeneration distances were measured 3, 6 and 8 days after surgery. The control group showed a normal linear outgrowth. The outgrowth in the two experimental groups was initially not different to controls but later became significantly different, indicating a retardation of outgrowth in these groups. It is concluded that short-term exposure to vibration can impair nerve regeneration after transection and nerve repair.

scholarly journals ANTI-ANAEMIC POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF MUCUNA PRURIENS ON PHENYLHYDRAZINE (PHZ) INDUCED ANAEMIC ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-374
Author(s):  
Kasang Naman ◽  
Habibat Oseni ◽  
Emmanuel Enoh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group

The antianaemic potential of methanolic leaf extracts of Mucuna pruriens was investigated using phenylhydrazine (PHZ) induced anaemic albino Wistar rats.  Fifteen rats used for the study were randomized into five experimental groups. To induced anaemia, the rats (except the normal control, Group E), received 60 mg/kg of the haemolytic agent Phenylhydrazine intraperitoneally (i.p) for two consecutive days. Anaemic Wistar rats in groups A and B received a daily oral dose of 500 and 250 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens. Nweze et al. (2016) had reported a median lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/kg for the methanol leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens. Groups C and D received Vitamin B12 (10 mg/kg) and normal saline (1 ml/kg), respectively. Normal control rats also received normal saline (1 ml/kg). Extract or normal saline was administered per os (p.o) while vitamin B12 was administered i.p. for a duration of 21 days. Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration were determined weekly for three weeks. The result of the study indicated that both the methanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens and Vitamin B12 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations in treated rats compared to the negative control group of rats. This indicated that the methanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens has anti-anaemic properties and could be utilized in the management of anaemia

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Testing of White Turmeric Extract (Curcuma zedoaria) on Histopathological Imaging of the Lungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Ainge Rasbina Br Saragih ◽  
Fiska Maya Wardhani ◽  
Erny Tandanu ◽  
Rico Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Turmeric Extract

White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) is a type of plant whose extract contains compounds that can inhibit carcinogenesis. Acute toxicity test was conducted to determine the safe dose and lethal dose (LD) 50 from the use of a drug substance. This research aimed to determine the effect of the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on the histopathological imaging of the lungs. This study is an experimental study with a post test only control group design. A total of 30 Wistar rats was divided into six groups. Data analysis was using one-way ANOVA statistical test, while for lung histopathology using ordinal data which were analyzed descriptively. In conclusion, the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on Wistar rats was not toxic and there was no death and no toxic symptoms and no necrosis, congestion and inflammation were found on the histopathological picture of the lungs.

scholarly journals Exposure effects of the UV-filter 4-MBC to "Solea senegalensis" metamorphosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Araújo ◽  
Amadeu Soares ◽  
Marta Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Many personal care products integrate UV-filters, such as 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) which has been detected in aquatic habitats. Possible effects of 4-MBC to aquatic organisms have been poorly studied. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to study the effects of 4-MBC exposure to Solea senegalensis during metamorphosis, a sensitive life stage of this flatfish. To achieve this, at the beginning of metamorphosis (13 days after hatching, dah) fish were exposed to 4-MBC (0.2–2.0 mg L− 1) for 48 h. After this period, fish were transferred to clean medium and were fed and maintained until more than 80% of fish in control group completed the metamorphosis (24 dah). Mortality, malformations and metamorphosis progression were studied on a daily basis. In addition, growth, behavior and biochemical markers of neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), oxidative stress (catalase, CAT; glutathione S-transferase, GST, and lipid peroxidation, LPO) and anaerobic metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) were determined at the end of the experiment. An acceleration of metamorphosis progression was observed during and 2 days after the 4-MBC exposure in all concentrations tested. In addition, decreased length, inhibition of CAT activity and induction of oxidative damage (LOEC = 0.928 mg L− 1 4-MBC for length, CAT and LPO) were observed. A short-term exposure to 4-MBC at the onset of metamorphosis, a critical period of development, affected S. senegalensis at several levels of organization, even after nine days in clean medium, including growth and metamorphosis progression, suggesting possible long-term adverse effects to this species.

scholarly journals Cerebral Cortical Damage in Adult Wistar Rats Following Aluminium Chloride Administration

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. J. Ajibade ◽  
P. B. Fakunle ◽  
O. O. Omoola
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

This study investigated some effects of aluminium chloride on the cerebral cortex of adult Wistar rats. Aluminium chloride as one of the toxic metals has been known to be one of the major environmental pollutants across the world which has been reported in relation to Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) associated with metallic intoxication. It is present in many pharmaceutical drugs, food products and also used in the treatment of domestic water being involved in skeletal, haematological and neurological diseases. Thirty-two adult Wistar of both sexes weighing between 143 g-189 g were randomly grouped into four groups, group A, B, C and D each group containing 8 rats. Group A rats which were the controls, were maintained on standard feed (grower mash) and water for 21 days. Rats in group B, C and D were treated with 0.2 g/kg, 0.4 g/kg and 0.6 g/kg of aluminium chloride respectively for 21days. The aluminium chloride solution was administered orally on a daily basis for that period. The weight of the Wistar rats was recorded on a weekly basis (before and at the end of each week of administration). On the 22nd day the Wistar rats in group A, B, C and D were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, blood was collected through cardiac puncture, the brain was removed and weighed immediately using sensitive balance, part of the brain of all Wistar rats in each group was collected and homogenized for biochemical analysis, the remaining part was then fixed in 10% formol saline, the tissue was processed and sectioned at 5µm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological study. Results showed that the mean body weights of the Wistar rats significantly increased in the treated groups when compared with the control group. The mean brain weights of the aluminium- treated groups showed insignificant decreased (P>0.05) when compared to the control group. In the biochemical analysis, there was a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the aluminium-treated groups, and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Succinate Dehydrogenase  (SDH) in the aluminium treated group. Histological study of the brain (cerebral cortex) revealed that the cerebral cortical layers of the aluminium treated groups appeared distorted and degenerated, in a dose-dependent manner. The study concluded that aluminium chloride has a neurotoxic effect on the cerebral cortex of adult Wistar rats which invariably may alter some cerebral functions.

scholarly journals Blastocystis Colonization Alters the Gut Microbiome and, in Some Cases, Promotes Faster Recovery From Induced Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Billy ◽  
Zuzana Lhotská ◽  
Milan Jirků ◽  
Oldřiška Kadlecová ◽  
Lucia Frgelecová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Exposure Experiment

Protists are a normal component of mammalian intestinal ecosystems that live alongside, and interact with, bacterial microbiota. Blastocystis, one of the most common intestinal eukaryotes, is reported as a pathogen that causes inflammation and disease, though health consequences likely vary depending on host health, the gut ecosystem, and genetic diversity. Accumulating evidence suggests that Blastocystis is by and large commensal. Blastocystis is more common in healthy individuals than those with immune mediated diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Blastocystis presence is also associated with altered composition and higher richness of the bacterial gut microbiota. It is not clear whether Blastocystis directly promotes a healthy gut and microbiome or is more likely to colonize and persist in a healthy gut environment. We test this hypothesis by measuring the effect of Blastocystis ST3 colonization on the health and microbiota in a rat experimental model of intestinal inflammation using the haptenizing agent dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). We experimentally colonized rats with Blastocystis ST3 obtained from a healthy, asymptomatic human donor and then induced colitis after 3 weeks (short term exposure experiment) or after 13 weeks (long term exposure experiment) and compared these colonized rats to a colitis-only control group. Across experiments Blastocystis ST3 colonization alters microbiome composition, but not richness, and induces only mild gut inflammation but no clinical symptoms. Our results showed no effect of short-term exposure to Blastocystis ST3 on gut inflammation following colitis induction. In contrast, long-term Blastocystis exposure appears to promote a faster recovery from colitis. There was a significant reduction in inflammatory markers, pathology 2 days after colitis induction in the colonized group, and clinical scores also improved in this group. Blastocystis colonization resulted in a significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and IL-1β relative gene expression, while expression of IFNγ and IL17re/17C were elevated. We obtained similar results in a previous pilot study. We further found that bacterial richness rebounded in rats colonized by Blastocystis ST3. These results suggest that Blastocystis sp. may alter the gut ecosystem in a protective manner and promote faster recovery from disturbance.

scholarly journals Deteriorated gene expression of selected calcium transporters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic hearts of Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
M. Dragún ◽  
G. Dóka ◽  
M. Máťuš ◽  
P. Křenek ◽  
J. Klimas
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Calcium Homeostasis ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Total N

Abstract Aim: The aim is to identify the possible changes in the expression of genes, that regulate calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes in diabetes mellitus. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomized into two experimental protocols: short-term 5-days streptozotocin-induced diabetes protocol with 20 weeks old animals at the end of the protocol (total N = 20) and long-term 4-weeks protocol with 18 weeks of age at the end of the protocol (total N = 38). 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) was administered in both protocols by a single intraperitoneal injection in 0,1M citrate buffer (pH = 4.5). Control group (CON) received only vehiculum. Gene expressions in samples of left heart ventricle were measured by RT-qPCR method. Results: The expression of SERCA2a in short-term protocol was decreased. In long-term protocol, decreased SERCA2a, TRPC4 and TRPC6 mRNA levels were observed (*p < 0.05). SERCA2a and TRPC4 mRNA levels exhibited statistical monotonic correlation in STZ-treated group in long-term protocol. Conclusions: In diabetes mellitus, the calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes is altered and there could be a relation between alteration of internal sarcoplasmatic stores and store-operated calcium entry.

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