scholarly journals Актуалізацыя прагматычнай інтэнцыі моўцы ў гутарковым маўленні (на матэрыяле гаворак паўночна-заходняй Беларусі і яе пагранічча)

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Юрый Маліцкі
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
The Real ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Real Flow ◽  
North Western

Until recently, in the study of the pragmatic means of language, linguists’ research interest has been focused mainly on units of the lexical level. Meanwhile, in the real flow of speech (in communication between people in everyday and professional situations) the word is invariably accompanied by means that actua¬lize its content, emphasize and strengthen it, highlighting it against other contents. Thus, there are important elements beyond the actual lexical level of language. Exploring ways to actualize pragmatic content in conversational communication is a new and promising area of linguistic research. The analysis of the formal side of the actualization of the corresponding intention of the speaker seems especially interesting and fruitful in a multilingual situation, so the dialects of North-Western Belarus and its border are extremely interesting from a research point of view.

Flows, Hierarchies, Potentials

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sonis
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Convex Polyhedra ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fundamental Statement ◽  
Real Flow ◽  
Flow Matrix ◽  
Spatial Content ◽  
Selection Of

This work deals with the analysis of interregional flows. The central idea is the decomposition of the origin–destination flow matrix into the additive weighted sum of basic matrices. Each basic matrix represents an extremal flow which optimizes some objective function corresponding to some extremal tendency acting in the real flow. The weight of the extremal flow can be treated as the frequency of the choice of the fixed extremal tendency. The geometrical and algebraic algorithm of the decomposition of the flow matrix is based on the Minkovsky theorem about the center of gravity of convex polyhedra. Its spatial content is Weber's well-known principle of industrial location (in inverted form), and Stouffer's principle of intervening opportunities. Each extremal flow defines the spatially represented hierarchy of the regions of origin and destination. The successive selection of the ‘most probable’ tendencies defines the set of changing hierarchy relationships between the regions. The construction of the successive hierarchies is an elaboration of Nystuen and Dacey's ideas about the use of graph theory in flow theory. The most interesting and important fact is the nonuniqueness of the expansion of the real flow by the shares of extremal tendencies, that is, nonuniqueness of results of analysis. This ensues from the fundamental statement that the analysis depends on the investigator's point of view.

Art. XIX.—An old Hebrew Romance of Alexander

1897 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-549
Author(s):  
M. Gaster
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bibliographical Information ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Great Mass

More marvellous and more remarkable than the real conquests of Alexander are the stories circulated about him, and the legends which have clustered round his name and his exploits. The history of Alexander has, from a very early period, been embellished with legends and tales. They spread from nation to nation during the whole of the ancient times, and all through the Middle Ages. Many scholars have followed up the course of this dissemination of the fabulous history of Alexander. It would, therefore, be idle repetition of work admirably done by men like Zacher, Wesselofsky, Budge, and others, should I attempt it here. All interested in the legend of Alexander are familiar with those works, where also the fullest bibliographical information is to be found. I am concerned here with what may have appeared to some of these students as the bye-paths of the legend, and which, to my mind, has not received that attention which is due to it, from more than one point of view. Hitherto the histories of Alexander were divided into two categories; the first were those writings which pretended to give a true historical description of his life and adventures, to the exclusion of fabulous matter; the other included all those fabulous histories in which the true elements were smothered under a great mass of legendary matter, the chief representative of this class being the work ascribed to a certain Callisthenes. The study of the legend centred in the study of the vicissitudes to which this work of (Pseudo-) Callisthenes had been exposed, in the course of its dissemination from the East, probably from its native country, Egypt, to the countries of the West.

scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological, Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Goji Fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Arleta Kruczek ◽  
Ireneusz Ochmian ◽  
Marcelina Krupa-Małkiewicz ◽  
Sabina Lachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Berry Fruits ◽  
North Western ◽  
Nitrite Content

AbstractThere is a growing public interest in fruits labeled as „superfood” (functional food). A “superfood” should have a high content of bioactive substances with a positive impact on human health. Seven different cultivars of goji berry fruits (Lycium chinense Mill.) grown in north-western Poland were evaluated for its physicochemical parameters, antidiabetic and antioxidant activity, and polyphenol content. The length of 1-year-old shoots ranged from 36 cm (‘Big Lifeberry’) to 82 cm (‘Korean Big’). Cultivars from the group of Big were characterized by the biggest fruits (17.3-24.2 mm) with the greatest weight of 100 fruits (96.7­122.1 g). ‘Big Lifeberry’ contained high amounts of L-ascorbic acid (408 mg 1000/g) and provitamin A (190 mg 1000/g) and showed high antidiabetic (α-amylase IC50=33.4 mg/mL; α-glucosidase IC50=9.9 mg/mL) and antioxidant activity (ABTS·+ 6.21 and FRAP 5.58 mmol T/100 g). ‘Big Lifeberry’ was also characterized by a high total content of polyphenols (43.64 mg 100/g). Furthermore, the nitrite content in all the cultivars tested was at a relatively low level. Among the examined cultivars, the most attractive one concerning the consumers’ point of view of the size, weight and high content of health-promoting compounds is ‘Big Lifeberry’.

scholarly journals Vuoret ja kaupunki vastakohtaisina tiloina Alisa Ganijevan teoksissa

2016 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Anni Lappela
Keyword(s):  
Central Element ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Real ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The City ◽  
Geographical Space

Mountains and City as Contrary Spaces in the Prose of Alisa Ganieva I analyze Alisa Ganieva’s novel Prazdnichnaia gora (2012) and her novella Salam tebe, Dalgat! (2010) from a geocritical (Westphal, Tally) point of view. Ganieva was born in 1985 in Moscow, but she grew up in Dagestan, in North Caucasia. Since 2002, she has lived in Moscow. All Ganieva’s novels are set in present-day Dagestan, not only in the capital Makhachkala but also in the countryside.  I study the ways the two main spaces and main milieus, the mountains and the city, oppose each other in Prazdnichnaia gora. I also analyze how this opposition constructs the utopian and dystopian discourses of the novel. In this high/low opposition, the mountains appear as the utopian place of a better future, and the city in the lowlands is depicted as a dystopian place of the present-day life. The texts’ multilayered time is also part of my analysis, which follows Westphal’s idea of the stratigraphy of time. Furthermore, the mountains are associated with the traditional way of life and the Soviet past. In this way, the mountains have two kinds of roles in the texts. Nevertheless, the city is a central element of the postcolonial dystopian discourse of Prazdnichnaia gora. In my opinion, Ganieva’s texts problematize referentiality, one of the key concepts of geocriticism. Whilst the city tends to be very referential, the mountains escape the referential relationship to the “real” geographical space.

scholarly journals Apparent L-Falsity and Actual Logical Structures

Problemos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Miguel López-Astorga
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Difficulty ◽  
The Real ◽  
Logical Structures

In 2012, Orenes and Johnson-Laird found interesting results from the cognitive point of view but problematic if analyzed under methods such as the semantic one of extension and intension presented by Carnap. The main difficulty in this way is that Orenes and Johnson-Laird showed that people tend to accept, in the case of certain inferences, conclusions that, by themselves, are, according to the aforementioned semantic method, false in absolutely all of the state-descriptions that can be imagined. However, in this paper, a way to overcome that difficulty is proposed. That way is based upon the idea that the real logical forms of the conclusions accepted by the participants in Orenes and Johnson-Laird’s experiments were not the apparent ones, but they corresponded to other very different structures that can be true in some state-descriptions.

scholarly journals Representação e ciências sociais

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Drance Elias da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General View ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Expression Form

This Article may be situated within the rapport field between Philosophy and Social Sciences, at the search regarding to the concept concerning the Representation. Regarding to Philosophy, under a general view, the concept, concerning Representation, has been, since a long time, understood as a trail which one would get througl reaching to the real and true ones. Representation, as the thought contents expression form had not been known departing from Philosophy as a barrier against the objectivity concerning the knowledge. Representation, in its source, has been constituting itself a cognictive, inmanent reflection, related to the conscience inner subjectivity. But departing from the episthemological point of view, it has been not so easy for the campus concerning the Culture Sciences as a totality. In the theory regarding to knowledge, the Social Sciences campus and, more specifically, in the human life Symbolic dimension constitutive aspects, it has been, often, accepted negatively as an entry door for the histotical social reality. Nowadays, one may conclude that the contents concerning the Culture are deeply rooted within the histotical reality, which may present new dimension the reading regarding to the Symbolical side concerning the human life, under the view regarding to the unseen aspect, such as the intellectualistic Western dominant Culture allows understanding the way which could be in.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE RUSSIAN VOCABULARY AND TEXTS WITHIN ONE LINGUISTIC SCHOOL: EXPERIENCE OF SUMMARY AND METHODOLOGICAL REFLECTION IN HINDSIGHT. PAPER 1

2016 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
N. D. Golev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
School Experience ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
The Real ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Methodological Reflection

The paper sums up the experimental linguistic research of Russian words and texts carried out by the group of Western Siberia linguists under the supervision of the author of this paper. The experiments were based on different materials, they used different forms and ways of experimenting. The paper presents the attempt of realizing and reflecting their set as some entity united by the main principles of making experiments and peculiarities of their realization in hindsight. The paper presents two directions: methodical and methodological. The first direction, presented in Paper 1, consists in the collection and systematization of the positive experience of particular experimenting. As a result of its realization the following principles of experimenting are pointed out and described: word inclusion into the context; seriality; paradigmatic and syntagmatic organization; approximation of the experimental situation to the real speech situations. According to the author, such generalizations can be useful for other researchers to conduct similar experiments.

scholarly journals Podatek rolny jako źródło dochodów własnych gmin wiejskich w Polsce

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kozera
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
The Real ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Taxation System

The main aim of the article was to show the importance of the agricultural tax as a source of own income of rural communes in Poland in 2004-2015. In order to determine the fiscal importance of the tax, the amount and share of income from the agricultural tax in the own income of rural communes were compared to other types of communes. In addition, the amount of income lost due to the agricultural tax was analyzed. The study showed that the agricultural tax as a source of own income plays the most important role in the budgets of rural communes, although the fiscal role of the tax in these local government sector entities is getting smaller. The agricultural taxation system, which is ineffective from the point of view of communes’ financial self-sufficiency and the construction of which is to a very limited extent related to the real amount of production and income in agriculture, is reflected in the low level of own income potential of rural communes.

scholarly journals New Dzungaria Gates for wmlt-corridor: historical necessity

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Bogachev ◽  
Yuri A. Terentyev ◽  
Viktor V. Koledov ◽  
Taras V. Bogachev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Variational Methods ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The North ◽  
Computer Math ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Historical Necessity ◽  
North Western

Background: Research is ongoing relating to the analysis of a set of issues that arise in connection with the creation of the operating on the basis of vacuum magnetic technologies a transcontinental high-speed land transport corridor, connecting the eastern regions of China with Russia. As part of the variation calculus task, the geopolitical, economic, social, logistic, geographic, geomorphological, seismological, topographic components of the project are considered, in which it is assumed that the high speed overland route will pass through the north-western part of the historical region of Dzungaria. Aim: Find the most optimal from the point of view of the above components the location of the most important section of high speed overland route passing through Central Asia. Methods: Variational methods for solving an optimization problem with the use of a computer math system. Results: After creating a fairly informative and versatile picture of the region in question, the foundations of the corresponding mathematical models are built. Conclusion: The New Dzungarian Gates is a key element in choosing the location of a high-speed overland route based on VMLT.

scholarly journals Measuring thermal conductivity of soils under laboratory conditions.

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
A.I. Golovanov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Flow

Experiments were made to determine the influence of size of soil sample, convection and water flow on the determination of thermal conductivity of soils using a thin needle (0.05 cm radius, 8.5 cm in length) as the heating element and copper cylinders for sample containers. For measurements during a period of 100 seconds the diameter of the sample must be at least 4 cm and to avoid any influence of convection measurements should not exceed 100 seconds. When heating elements are placed horizontally to measure simultaneously the thermal conductivity of different soil layers they should be placed at least 10 cm apart. Thermal conductivity measurements could be used to determine flow velocities of water in coarse sand samples provided that the real flow velocity was highev than 0.35 cm/ min. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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