scholarly journals Sublingual Tablets : An Overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Rohit S. Nikam ◽  
Smita P Borkar ◽  
Prakash D Jadhav ◽  
Vishal D. Yadav ◽  
Apurva V Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Mouth Area ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Oral Mucous Membrane

Drug delivery via the oral mucous membrane is considered to be a promising alternative to the oral route. Sublingual route is a useful when rapid onset of action is desired with better patient compliance than oraly ingested tablets. In terms of permeability, the sublingual area of the oral cavity (i.e. the floor of the mou) is more permeable than the buccal (cheek) area, which in turn is more permeable than the palatal (roof of the mouth) area. A rapid onset of pharmacological effect is often desired for some drugs, especially those used in the treatment of acute disorders. Sublingual tablets disintegrate rapidly and the small amount of saliva present is usually sufficient for achieving disintegration of the dosage form coupled with better dissolution and increased bioavailability.

scholarly journals Sublingual route for systemic drug delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 340-343
Author(s):  
Poonam P Pawar ◽  
Hemant S Ghorpade ◽  
Bhavana A. Kokane
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Sublingual Gland ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Systemic Drug Delivery ◽  
Sublingual Delivery

Drug delivery via the oral mucous membrane is considered to be a promising alternative to the oral route. Sublingual route is a rapid onset of action and better patient compliance than orally ingested tablets. Sublingual literally meaning is “under the tongue”, administrating substance via mouth in such a way that the substance is rapidly absorbed via blood vessels under tongue. The portion of drug absorbed through the sublingual blood vessels bypasses the hepatic first‐pass metabolic processes giving acceptable bioavailability.  Sublingual technology is convenient for dosing in geriatric, pediatric and psychiatric patients with dysphagia. Sublingual drug delivery shows fast therapeutic action than orally ingested drugs with fewer side effects. This review highlights advantages, disadvantages, different sublingual Gland, sublingual formulation such as tablets, films drops, sprays etc, evaluation parameters. Keywords: Sublingual delivery, dysphagia, sublingual gland, improved bioavailability, evaluations.

scholarly journals Sublingual Tablets : An Overview

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Rohit S. Nikam ◽  
Rahul P. Jadhav ◽  
Dr. Prakash D. Jadhav ◽  
Vishal D. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Peroral Administration ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Evaluation Parameters ◽  
Pass Metabolism

<p>Drug delivery via the oral mucous membrane is considered to be a promising alternative to the oral route. Sublingual route is a rapid onset of action and better patient compliance than orally ingested tablets. Sublingual literally meaning is 'under the tongue', administrating substance via mouth in such a way that the substance is rapidly absorbed via blood vessels under tongue. Peroral administration of drug has disadvantages such as Hepatic first pass metabolism and enzymatic degradation within the GI tract that limits oral administration of certain classes of drug like peptides and proteins. So, other absorptive mucosa is considered as potential sites for drug administration. Trans-mucosal routes of drug delivery (i.e. the mucosal linings of the nasal, rectal, vaginal, ocular, and oral cavity) offer several advantages over peroral administration for systemic delivery. This review highlights the sublingual dosage forms for the treatment of migraine, advantages, Disadvantages, various evaluation parameters and commercially available sublingual dosage forms.</p>

Recent Developments in Medicated Lozenges: A Promising Dosage Form for the Effective Delivery of Therapeutic Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Gurmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Background: The delivery of therapeutic agents through the oral route remains the most favorable one as compared to other routes of drug administration. However, numerous disadvantages are encountered in conventional formulations such as low bioavailability, first-pass metabolism, gastric irritation, delayed onset of action, bitter taste, low retention time, frequent dosing, and non-localized drug targeting. All these problems encountered guide the various pharmaceutical industries to manufacture and develop a novel solid oral dosage form called lozenges. Lozenges are solid oral dosage forms of medicament, meant to be dissolved within the mouth or pharynx. It may consist of one or more than one medicinal agent contained in a sweetened and flavored base material. Objective: The present review is focused on various types, compositions, methodologies used to prepare the medicated lozenges and on different evaluation parameters that establish its safety and efficacy. It also put a light on different commercially available and reported medicated lozenges formulation. Method: The various review and research articles reported by different researchers were studied extensively by using the databases of Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and various commercial websites that were also investigated for information regarding new products. Results: Lozenges provides various advantages in terms of patient compliance, rapid onset of action, prolonged retention time, enhancement of bioavailability, ease of manufacturing, localized drug targeting, sustained or controlled effect, and reduced dosing frequency. It has also the ability to incorporate the drugs belong to different therapeutic classes for treating various disorders related to oral cavities like gingivitis, dental plaque, mouth ulcers, throat pain, oral thrush, throat infection, periodontitis, and pharyngitis. However, its applicability is not only limited to localized action, but it has also been employed to deliver the drug systemically for the conditions such as cough, decongestion, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, allergy, low immunity, fever, body ache, the killing of worms and smoking cessation. Conclusion: It was concluded that it has been played an important role in the field of drug delivery and will continue to perform in the same way in the future as well.

scholarly journals INSIGHTS INTO FORMULATION TECHNOLOGIES AND NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF ORALLY DISINTEGRATING DOSAGE FORMS: A COMPREHENSIVE INDUSTRIAL REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMED M. AGIBA ◽  
AHMED B. ELDIN
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Onset Of Action

Among the various routes of administration, the oral route remains the most convenient and commonly employed route for drug delivery. The oral conventional drug delivery systems have some drawbacks, such as possibility of gastrointestinal destruction of labile molecules, low absorption of macromolecules, slow onset of action, and unavoidable fluctuation in the concentration of drugs which can either lead to under- or over medication with concomitant adverse effects, especially for drugs with small therapeutic index. Therefore, it became essential to design novel oral drug delivery systems to achieve quick dissolution, absorption, rapid onset of action and reduction of drug dose. Among those novel drug delivery systems are oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs). The purpose of this review article is to report the recent advances in ODT systems with emphasis on their preparations, characterizations and applications.

A Review on Enteric Coated Pellets Composed of Core Pellets Prepared by Extrusion-Spheronization

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hetal Patel ◽  
Mukesh Gohel
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Extended Release ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Enteric Coating ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
The Core ◽  
Current State ◽  
Enteric Coated ◽  
Extrusion Spheronization ◽  
Acid Labile

Enteric coated dosage form bypasses the stomach and releases the drug into the small intestine. Advantages of enteric coated pellets in comparison with enteric coated tablets are a) Pellets provide rapid onset of action and faster drug release due to the smaller size than tablets and b) Pellets exhibit less residence time of acid-labile drugs in the stomach compared to tablets. Dosage form coat can be damaged by longer resistance time in the stomach. The present review summarizes the current state of enteric coated pellets where core pellets are prepared by extrusion-spheronization technique and the enteric coating is applied in a fluidized bed processor. Two approaches are involved in the preparation of core pellets. In the first approach, a mixture of drug and excipient(s)/co-processed excipient is passed through extruders to prepare core pellets. In the second approach, excipient core pellets are prepared by extrusion technique and the drug is layered onto it before the enteric coating. The excipients present in the core pellets decide immediate or extended release of drug in the intestine. The coprocessed excipient pellets provide less batch variability and provide a platform for layering of many drugs before enteric coating. Some patents included enteric coating pellets [CN105456223 (A), CN105596310 (A), CN105616371 (A), CN105663095 (A), CN101611766B, CN106511862 (A), CN106668018 (A), CN106727381 (A), CN106924222 (A), TW200624127 (A), US 2017/0165248A1, US 2017/0224720A1] are discussed.

scholarly journals A systematic examination of the mucous membrane of the mouth (oral mucous membrane) – method of early diagnosis of precancerous diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Irina K. Lutskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Membrane Method ◽  
Oral Mucous Membrane ◽  
Systematic Examination

The article presents information on the liability of the dentist for reducing the risk of development of pathological processes, including malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity. A thorough inspection of the oral mucous membrane, in accordance with WHO recommendations provides a systematic survey of all departments of the oral cavity and surrounding tissues. This tactic can significantly reduce the risk of development of pathological lesions of the oral cavity, to prevent malignant transformation or provide early diagnosis.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE MUCOSA OF THE ORAL CAVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol Special issue (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Odinakhon Umarova ◽  
◽  
Mahpirathon Rasulova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Oral Mucous Membrane ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases ◽  
Clinical Cases

Variants of pathological changes related to the group of white lesions: multiform erythema, flat lichen, candidiasis glossitis at the stage of formation of white foci. In this paper we consider the differential diagnosis of multiform erythema, planar lichen, candidiasis glossitis in the presence of signs of white plaque. Clarification of the diagnosis is based on a thorough examination and additional (including laboratory) research methods. Analysis of the results of observation of clinical cases of oral mucosa diseases to differentiate existing foci for correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment.The analysis of clinical cases of diseases of the oral mucous membrane indicates the similarity of their elements of destruction and manifestations of other symptoms, which greatly complicates the diagnostic search. A thorough survey, inspection, consultations of general specialists and additional laboratory tests allow to successfully solve the tasks

Creating systemic oral transmucosal drug delivery strategies: Case study of APL-130277

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Giovinazzo ◽  
Nathan Bryson ◽  
Timothy Tankosic
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Buccal Drug Delivery ◽  
High Level ◽  
Systemic Drug Delivery

This article addresses the strategic application of systemic oral transmucosal* (i.e., sublingual and buccal) drug delivery. Circumvention of first-pass hepatic metabolism in the gut, rapid onset of action, easy access via the oral cavity, easy administration for patients with dysphagia and a high level of patient acceptance are the principal advantages of the oral transmucosal route. Key clinical and commercial strategies driving the development of oral transmucosal formulations are addressed. A case study of Cynapsus Therapeutics' APL-130277, a sublingual apomorphine formulation in clinical development for Parkinson's disease exemplifies the scientific, clinical and commercial considerations for systemic oral transmucosal drug delivery. *Note: In this article, oral transmucosal delivery refers to systemic drug delivery through the sublingual or buccal mucosa. Local delivery to the oral mucosa is not included.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON A NOVEL FORMULATION APPROACH TO DELIVER DOXYCYCLINE THROUGH BUCCAL ROUTE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzeena Afroz ◽  
Md. Jasim Uddin ◽  
Md. Shahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Drug Degradation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Buccal Films

Recent developments in drug delivery technologies have a great impact on the limitations of traditional oral drug delivery for both the pediatric and geriatric patients. Administration of drug via buccal mucosa is a modern alternative for overcoming low bioavailability, enzymatic inactivation and/or drug degradation in gastrointestinal tract, hence showing rapid onset of action. The aim of the study was to develop doxycycline (antibiotic) loaded buccal films for the treatment of a wide range of systemic and non-systemic bacterial and protozoa infections. The bases of each film were prepared using mucoadhesive polymers, plasticizer, cellulose gums, and instant release film former and penetration enhancer. Optimized films were characterized for weight, width. Length, thickness, surface pH, percentage swelling index, percentage elongation, percentage moisture content, percentage moisture uptake, hydration and in vitro drug release studies. Concentration of different polymers tailored the increase in release rate of doxycycline from the mucoadhesive buccal films. In conclusions, mucoadhesive buccal films can be a substitute route for the delivery of doxycycline as antibacterial or antiprotozoal drug with a faster release rate to reach the site of action.

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