scholarly journals Some problems of investigating street fraud and the ways to solve them

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
K. D. Zaiats
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The subjects of the study are the problems that arise at the initial stage of the investigation of street fraud, the study is the individual problems of pre-trial investigation of street fraud and the ways of their solution. The study aims to highlight the most common problems in practice at the initial stage of the investigation of this group of fraud, and presents recommendations for their solution. In the course of time, general scientific methods of cognition were used. The relevance of the research topic is that the main problems of investigators arise at the stage of the decision to open criminal proceedings. Difficulties are related to the fact that the investigator needs to take a key procedural decision based on the analysis of very limited information about the event. In addition, in the context of open criminal proceedings, it is very difficult to form a system of evidence of the existence of a criminal intention in the actions of a fraudsters. Indeed, unlike other crimes, they are reflected not so much in material traces as in acts of intellectual nature: the reporting of false information, the use of fictitious documents, specific attributes, and many others. Gathering evidence of such an order requires an extraordinary level of professionalism. The investigator should not only have a high level of knowledge of the existing criminal and criminal procedural legislation, but also be aware of ways to overcome the main difficulties encountered in criminal proceedings on fraud. The novelty of the results is that the research in this direction was conducted for the first time. The main results of the study are given a number of typical problems of investigation of street fraud, as well as recommendations for their overcoming. The results of the study can be used in the field of the criminal law cycle. The practical significance lies in the possibility of introducing the results of the research into the educational process in the presentation of the discipline “The method of investigation of crimes”, special courses, as well as in raising the skills of practical police officers. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn in the form of concrete proposals for addressing typical problems arising in the investigation of street fraud.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Legal Attitudes of the Individual on Legal Behavior of the Individual

Legal Concept ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Alla Barakhoeva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Attitudes

Introduction: the paper deals with the relationship of legal attitudes and legal behavior of the individual. The mechanism of a legal attitude is the translation of the legal regulations into reality through the transformation of the image of the legal norm designed in the legal awareness of the individual into the willingness to behave legally significantly. The special significance of the studies of the legal attitude of the individual in the theory of law is that it allows you to adjust the legal behavior of the individual. Methods: the paper uses the general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition, which include the systemic, structural, functional, comparative law, formal-legal, problem-theoretical methods. Results: the author identifies and analyzes the impact of the legal attitudes on the legal behavior of the individual. Conclusions: the legal attitudes determine the legal behavior of the individual. With a high level of legal culture and legal awareness of the individual, it is not necessary for him to follow the models of lawful behavior in the current situation, whereas with the existing legal positive attitudes, this probability is high (the exception may be those cases where the person is forced to commit a crime, actually having no choice of his own behavior, etc.). Other types of attitudes, such as social, moral and ethical ones, influence the quality of the legal attitude of the individual.

Comparative analysis of normative legal acts on the execution of criminal penalties in the initial stage of the formation of the Russian state for the implementation of equality principle before the law

2021 ◽  
pp. 752-765
Author(s):  
Nikolai S. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Russian State ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Law

The object of the study is the implementation of equality principle before the law by fixing equal rights and obligations of prisoners in the normative legal acts of the Soviet state. The subject of research: provisions of normative legal acts of the Provisional Government, departmental normative acts of the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the RSFSR and People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the RSFSR. As a methodological basis for cognition, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, de-duction are used, which allow us to investigate aspects of legal reality directly related to the implementation of the principles of penal enforcement (correctional labor) legislation, to formulate reasonable conclusions. Private scientific methods: formal-legal and comparative-legal – allow us to identify differences in the legal regulation of the legal status of prisoners in the pre-war period. As a result of the conducted research, we make a reasonable conclusion that the principle of equality before the law, although it was not enshrined in specific norms regulating the procedure for the execution and serving of imprisonment, however, was manifested in the provisions regulating the legal status of persons deprived of liberty. The notions of equality before the law of both citizens in general and prisoners in particular were not the fundamental basis of the legislation of the Soviet State. Prisoners were differentiated on the basis of social affiliation, due to: 1) the principle of class approach proclaimed by the Constitution of the RSFSR; 2) the functioning of two systems of places of deprivation of liberty for prisoners with different social status; 3) regulating the execution (serving) of sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty by various regulatory legal acts.

Administration of the educational process (legal and linguistic-didactic aspects) in the conditions of quarantine and post-quarantine measures caused by covid-19

Eduweb ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193
Author(s):  
Vira Mizetska ◽  
Olena Sierykh ◽  
Hanna Savchuk ◽  
Diana Yevtimova ◽  
Oleh Synieokyi
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Special Scientific ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study is to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the administration of the educational process on the examples of legal and linguistic-didactic aspects. The object of the study is systemic and functional changes in science and education under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of the study is public relations in the field of education and science in their legal and linguistic-didactic aspect under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methods are general scientific and special scientific methods, in particular, system-structural, formal-legal, hermeneutic; methods of analysis, synthesis. As a result of the research, the peculiarities of administration of educational processes in the conditions of COVID-19 in the aspect of mechanisms of legal support of activity of bodies of education and science, linguodidactics were formulated; the characteristic of systemic changes in the sphere of education which have occurred under the influence of the distribution of a coronavirus is carried out; describe the main approaches contained in the current scientific literature to solve the above problems.

Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Entrepreneurs in Cases of Crimes in the Sphere of Economic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
O. А. Zaytsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
General Scientific

The article examines the problematic issues of applying measures to protect the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs in cases of crimes in the field of economic activity. The material-legal and criminal-procedural mechanisms used in the course of proceedings in this category of cases are examined. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, reflected in the decisions of the Plenum of November 15, 2016 № 48 and October 3, 2017 № 33. The purpose of this study is to identify the most acceptable areas of activity of judicial and law enforcement agencies to protect the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs involved in criminal proceedings. The objectives of the study are: a) to determine the specifics of criminal and criminal procedure legislation containing humane mechanisms for the category of cases under consideration; b) to highlight the positions of scientists who conduct research in this field of activity; с) substantiation of recommendations for the further development of criminal policy in the direction of liberalizing the current structure of crimes in conjunction with the improvement of criminal procedural forms of criminal proceedings. The methodological basis of the research was the dialectical method of cognition, General scientific methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, as well as special legal methods. Promising ways of development of criminal policy in the field of formation of legislation that allows the most effective protection of the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs are proposed. The conclusion is made about the need for further scientific study of the system of material-legal and criminal-procedural mechanisms used in the proceedings on crimes committed in the sphere of business and other economic activities.

scholarly journals Modern state of the judicial finance-credit examination and the prospects of its development

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elina Sergeevna Sarygina
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
Court Expert

The research subject is the scientific, organizational and methodical regularities of judicial and examination activities during the research of finance-credit relations. Special attention is given to the key provisions of finance-credit examinations and the peculiarities of their commissioning. The author uses the categories and laws of dialectical and formal logic along with general scientific methods of scientific cognition (observation, description, comparison, systematization, formalization, etc.), and specific methods (comparative-analytical and system-structural). The author also uses the techniques of the interdisciplinary approach since the research requires knowledge in the field of procedural and substantive law, theory of court examination, economics and banking law, which determines the comprehensive nature of the research. From the viewpoint of modern scientific knowledge, the author attempts to analyze court examination as an independent class of judicial economic examinations which includes objects, subclasses, typical tasks and scientific and methodical recommendations for law enforcement officers about commissioning such examinations. The research addresses the main provisions of the subtheory of a judicial finance-credit examination which either haven’t been described sufficiently enough in the scientific works, or haven’t been systematised. The author’s recommendations are aimed at unification of the judicial practice of commissioning and assessment of the results of a judicial finance-credit examination. The formation of a comprehensive idea about this examination and its modern state is necessary for the implementation of its possibilities by an investigator, a court or an inquiry officer within criminal proceedings. The result of the research is the development of recommendations for law enforcement officers about the peculiarities of commissioning of a court tax analysis in governmental and nongovernmental criminal expertise institutions connected with the peculiarities of preparation of research objects and the specificity of issues subject to the consideration of a court expert; the author formulates the list of questions to an expert.

scholarly journals Tactics and Methods Used by Defence Attorneys to Prevent Judicial Mistakes in the First Instance Court

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Irīna Poļevaja
Keyword(s):  
Document Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Material Evidence

A defence attorney is a significant and notable figure in criminal proceedings who for the whole procedural activity in a criminal case, in theory, should facilitate detecting and correcting possible judicial mistakes. In this respect, it is vital to conduct a series of research in order to highlight prevalent problems and issues of a defence attorney’s participation in criminal trials and to work out relevant recommendations for trial attorneys that would help to forestall, detect and prevent judicial mistakes. A specific condition of a defence attorney’s activity in the process of evidencing at a judicial examination is his awareness of the entire system of evidences presented by the prosecution and accusation conclusions in disputable classification situations. They should rely upon the fact that a judicial examination is performed under circumstances of direct examination of evidence, oral proceedings, publicity, invariability of the body of the court, as well as the fact that both the court and the representatives of the parties take part at the examination. Rather short deadlines of a judicial examination entails working under circumstances when decisions must be taken under extreme conditions, by applying tricks and methods that would allow examining all evidence in the most productive way. It makes sense for a defence attorney to state his activity position and determination of taking an active part in evidencing already at the beginning of court hearings, by filing a motion to summoning new witnesses, experts and specialists, disclosure of material evidence and documents or exclusion of evidence obtained in the way of violating the law. 
The author of the study applied general scientific methods of studying objective reality, peculiar to legal sciences: systematic document analysis, structural-functional analysis, critical approach, generalisation and prediction. As a result, the author provides numerous recommendations and rules for successful and immaculate defence in criminal trials. Aizstāvis ir nozīmīga, ievērojama figūra kriminālprocesā, jo aizstāvja procesuālajai darbībai krimināllietā teorētiski būtu jāatvieglo iespējamo tiesas kļūdu konstatēšana un labošana. Un šajā sakarā ir vitāli svarīgi veikt virkni pētījumu, lai izceltu problēmjautājumus, kas saistīti ar aizstāvja piedalīšanos krimināllietās, un izstrādātu tādas rekomendācijas aizstāvjiem, kas praktiskajā darbībā sekmētu tiesas kļūdu paredzēšanu, konstatēšanu un novēršanu. 
Par specifisku priekšnoteikumu aizstāvja darbībai pierādīšanas procesā tiesas izmeklēšanā ir uzskatāma viņa pilnā informētība par visu pierādījumu sistēmu lietā, kuru piedāvā valsts apsūdzība, un par valsts apsūdzības apsvērumiem strīdus krimināltiesiskās kvalifikācijas gadījumos. Aizstāvim jāņem vērā, ka tiesas izmeklēšana norit pierādījumu tiešas un nepastarpinātas pārbaudes apstākļos, ievērojot mutiskuma, publicitātes un tiesas sastāva nemainīguma principus. Pierādījumu pārbaudē piedalās gan tiesa, gan visi pārējie procesa dalībnieki, kas nav aizstāvības pusē. Likuma prasība ievērot saprātīgus lietas iztiesāšanas termiņus paredz saspringtu darbu, svarīgus lēmumus pieņemot ekstremālos procesuālos apstākļos, izmantojot tādus paņēmienus un metodes, kas veicinātu efektīvu pierādījumu kopuma pārbaudi un novērtēšanu. Aizstāvim būtu ieteicams deklarēt savu aktīvu procesuālo pozīciju un paust gatavību aktīvi piedalīties pierādīšanā jau tiesas izmeklēšanas sākumā, piesakot lūgumus par jauno liecinieku, ekspertu un/vai speciālistu aicināšanu uz tiesas sēdi, kā arī piesakot lūgumus par lietisko pierādījumu un/vai dokumentu pieprasīšanu un par pierādījumu, kas iegūti, pārkāpjot likumu, izslēgšanu no pierādījumu kopuma. 
Šajā pētījumā ir izmantotas vispārīgās zinātniskās metodes, kas sekmē objektīvās realitātes izzināšanu un ir raksturīgas tiesību zinātnei, proti: sistēmiskā dokumentu analīze, strukturāli funkcionālā analīze, kritiskā pieeja, vispārināšana un prognozēšana. Secinājumos tiek piedāvātas vairākas rekomendācijas veiksmīgai, efektīvai un nevainojamai aizstāvībai pirmās instances tiesā.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of indicators the assessment of the effectiveness of vocational education and training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Маркелова
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Training

Рассматриваются задачи, которые встают перед государством при разработке сопоставимых индикаторов оценки эффективности системы среднего профессионального образования. Показана проблема сопоставимости различных показателей и их влияние на оценку среднего профессионального образования. Проанализированы перспективы разработки сопоставимых индикаторов для понимания степени, в которой образовательная система обеспечивает максимально возможную отдачу при минимально возможном вкладе, а именно показывает высокий уровень эффективности системы. Использовались общенаучные методы познания: аналитический метод, конкретизации теоретических знаний, метод экспертных оценок, обобщение. Результаты исследования отражают возможность дополнения мониторинга качества подготовки кадров в образовательных организациях, реализующих образовательные программы среднего профессионального образования сопоставимыми индикаторами оценки технического и профессионального образования и обучения по версии UNESCO для оценки эффективности системы СПО России. The tasks that the state faces when developing comparable indicators for assessment effectiveness of the vocational education and training are considered. The influence of various indicators on the assessment of the effectiveness of vocational education and training system is shown. The prospects of developing comparable indicators for understanding the degree to which the educational system provides the maximum possible return with the minimum possible contribution, namely, it shows a high level of system efficiency, are analyzed. General scientific methods of cognition, analytical method, concretization of theoretical knowledge, method of expert assessments, terminological analysis, generalization were used. The results of the study reflect the possibility of supplementing the monitoring of the quality of personnel training in educational organizations implementing educational programs of vocational education and training system with comparable indicators for evaluating technical and vocational education and training according to the UNESCO version to assess the effectiveness of the Russian VET system.

scholarly journals Accounting for non-current assets in budgetary institutions: problems and solutions

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 314 (12) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Prodanchuk ◽  
Yuliia Bezdushna
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Budgetary Institutions ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
General Scientific

The purpose of the article is to identify problematic aspects of accounting for non-current assets and to suggest their solutions using information technology and documentation. Research methods. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach to the study of the processes of reflection of non-current assets in the accounting of budgetary institutions. The epistemological method is used to clarify and deepen the meaning of the concept of "non-current assets". Analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, idealization and generalization, as general scientific methods of cognition, are used to develop the basic principles of the theory, methodology and organization of accounting for non-current assets. Bibliographic and bibliometric types of analysis provided identification of trends in the theory and methodology of accounting, as well as problematic aspects of non-current assets. The method of formalization made it possible to make suggestions on how to solve the problematic aspects of accounting for non-current assets. Research results. Identifying of problematic aspects in the accounting for non-current assets of budgetary institutions allowed to offer options for their solution, which will deepen the informativeness of accounting and reporting data and ensure their accuracy, reliability and comparability. Improving the accounting aspects of the reflection of non-current assets will also help increase the effectiveness of internal control (including inventory), and thus their management in budgetary institutions. Scientific novelty. Theoretical and practical provisions for accounting for non-current assets of budgetary institutions are improved. Ways to improve the accounting and internal control of non-current assets for the needs of management in budgetary institutions are proposed. Practical significance. In order to bring the national accounting system in line with international standards and in accordance with the needs of management, it is proposed to improve the reflection in the accounting of non-current assets of budgetary institutions through the use of information technology and documentation. Refs.: 11.

THE USE OF «VIRTUAL TOURS» TECHNOLOGY IN THE TRAINING OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Kiryl Shuvayev ◽  
Pavel Andriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Philosophical Method ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Curricular Material ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Visualization Techniques

The aim of the study is to analyse the process of using «Virtual tours» technology in the educational process. This technology allows you to transfer the lesson from the passive into the interactive forms, to activate the cadets’ cognitive activity and to involve them into the educational process. The use of visualization techniques develops broad-minded thinking and enhances a better learning of the curricular material. The main tasks of the research are to analyse the process of using «Virtual tours» technology in the educational process of law enforcement officers; to estimate the functional practice of «Virtual tours» technology. The study is fundamentally based on the dialectical-philosophical method alongside with the general scientific and specific scientific methods.

Lifestyle and Educational Environment of Modern Confessional Educational Organizations

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Horin
Keyword(s):  
Educational Environment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with the phenomena of lifestyle and educational environment of confessional educational organizations. The methodological basis of the research is based on general scientific methodological approaches (system, comparative, historical, ontological) and special scientific methodological approaches: a system-activity approach, which assumes a motivated solution of problems in the educational process determined by problem situations; a cultural approach that allows us to correlate general, individual and special cultural phenomena, in particular religion and education; an anthropological approach that allowed the interpretation of knowledge from various spheres of life from the point of view of pedagogy. The article contains definitions of the following concepts: «Lifestyle of a confessional educational organization» and «Educational environment of a confessional educational organization». The role of religious worship in the development and functioning of the confessional educational environment is noted. The main factors of the external environment that have a determining influence on the confessional educational environment are highlighted. The author emphasizes the open nature of the modern confessional educational process, which unfolds in the context of a dialogue between all its parties: the religious denomination, the state and the individual.

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