scholarly journals The strategy for dealing with heat stress in poultry

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
N. V. Yavnikov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Organic Complex ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Poultry Farming

Relevance and methods. In the summer period heat stress becomes one of the most serious problems of industrial poultry farming. At its core heat stress is an imbalance between the flow of heat from the environment and the release of energy by the bird's body. This pathology brings tangible economic losses and can cause a massive mortality of the poultry. The article describes a set of measures to minimize the negative impact of extremely high ambient temperatures on the poultry.Results. To deal with the negative effects of heat stress, it was proposed to lower the pH of drinking water by adding the Complicid’s organic complex of acids, and to increase the concentration of nutrients in the poultry diet it was recommended to carry out medication with Libecrin and Butacyfol.

Regulated hypothermia in the hypothyroid rat induced by administration of propylthiouracil

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (5) ◽  
pp. R1390-R1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
C. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Grooming Behavior ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Stability

Propylthiouracil (PTU), an antithyroidal drug that reduces serum L-thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), is presumed to lower core temperature (T0) by impairing metabolic thermogenesis. However, it is not understood why PTU-treated animals cannot use behavioral and other thermoeffectors to maintain normal Tc. Male rats were administered PTU in drinking water (0.05 mg/ml) while the following parameters were measured: 1) Tc and motor activity (MA) recorded by radiotelemetry for 24 h at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 10-30 degrees C; 2) selected Ta, MA, and Tc in a temperature gradient; and 3) Tc, MA, and grooming behavior during exposure to heat stress (TH = 34.5 degrees C) for 2 h. PTU reduced serum levels of T4, and T3 by 95 and 60%, respectively. Tc decreased after 3 days of PTU treatment; a 0.5 degree C decrease in Tc persisted throughout the PTU treatment. PTU rats exposed to Ta of 10-30 degrees C maintained a consistent hypothermic Tc during the light phase; however, a deficit in the stability of Tc at night was noted during exposure to 10 degrees C. In the temperature gradient, PTU rats selected warmer Ta, but their Tc was maintained at the same hypothermic levels as observed at fixed Ta values of 15-30 degrees C. Heat stress caused Tc of control rats to increase to 39 degrees C, whereas Tc of the PTU rats was maintained below 38 degrees C. The regulation of Tc at hypothermic levels over a wide range of Ta values and when rats were housed in a temperature gradient indicates that chronic PTU induces a state of regulated hypothermia.

Influence of mycotoxins on fish health

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6052-2018
Author(s):  
MAREK WALCZAK ◽  
PIOTR JEDZINIAK ◽  
MICHAŁ REICHERT
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Living Organisms

Mycotoxins are a wide group of compounds that often occur in food and feeds. These toxins negatively affect living organisms and may pose a risk for consumers’ health. Fish seem to be a particularly vulnerable group because negative effects can be observed at low levels of contamination, much lower than those considered harmful for other farmed animals. Mycotoxins may disturb cellular homeostasis by their influence on cells’ metabolism, causing DNA damage and organ lesions. Moreover, they are capable of immunomodulation, which may increase the occurrence of fish diseases caused by bacteria and other pathogens. Furthermore, these substances often have a negative impact on the growth rate of fish, which may cause economic losses to farmers. Although mycotoxins are commonly found in feeds, their ability to bioaccumulate in fish seems to be marginal. Therefore, according to the available data, fish may not be considered as the main source of mycotoxins for humans. Since there are no legal limits on the amount of mycotoxins present in fish feeds, it is necessary to constantly monitor the levels of mycotoxins in fish feeds and to investigate the influence of these substances on fish health..

scholarly journals Economic Feasibility of Cooling Dry Cows: Findings and Spreadsheet

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Ferreira ◽  
Geoffrey E. Dahl ◽  
Albert De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Cow Health ◽  
The University ◽  
Animal Sciences

The negative effects of heat stress in lactating cows are well known, but only recent studies have explored those effects along with the full benefits of cooling dry cows. Recent work at the University of Florida has demonstrated the benefits of dry cow cooling on calf performance and cow health in the next lactation. This 5-page fact sheet discusses the economic losses from milk production due to heat stress, investment, utilities, maintenance, and feasibility analysis. Written by Fernanda Ferreira, Geoffrey Dahl, and Albert De Vries, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Animal Sciences, March 2018.  http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an342

Influence of dietary vitamin E and zinc on performance, oxidative stability and some blood measures of broiler chickens reared under heat stress (35 °C)

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Hosseini-Mansoub ◽  
Saeid Chekani-Azar ◽  
Ali Tehrani ◽  
Alireza Lotfi ◽  
Mostaan Manesh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Influence of dietary vitamin E and zinc on performance, oxidative stability and some blood measures of broiler chickens reared under heat stress (35 °C)This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E (αTA; dL-α-Tocopheryl acetate) and zinc (Zn; ZnCl2) on performance, oxidative stability and some blood measures of broiler chickens under normal and hot temperatures. One hundred sixty 10-day-old male chicks were assigned to four groups in four replicates. The birds received two diets, control and enriched with two levels of vitamin E and Zn (100 and 50 mg/kg of diet, respectively) under two ambient temperatures (22 °C and 35 °C). Although the diets enriched with the antioxidant vitamin and element compared with un-enriched diets resulted in the better performance of the birds, significant differences were related to temperature conditions, as the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the highest body weight (BW) were observed in the group fed the enriched diet under normal temperature. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA), cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), glucose (G), total protein (TP), and hematocrit and heterophil: lymphocyte ratio levels were significantly lower in birds reared under 22 °C compared with the group under 35 °C but the hematocrit was not significantly lower in groups fed enriched diets and exposed to normal conditions (P>0.05). It was concluded that a combination of 100 mg of vitamin E and 50 mg of Zn provides the better performance and the least blood C and TG levels accompanying the better oxidative stability in male broilers under normal temperature (22 °C) and that this combination can be considered as a protective strategy in broiler diets for reducing the negative effects of heat stress.

scholarly journals Perspective Chapter: Using Feed Additives to Eliminate Harmful Effects of Heat Stress in Broiler Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Babinszky ◽  
Csaba Szabó ◽  
Márta Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

Global warming is one of the major challenges for mankind, with animal breeding one of the most affected sectors in the agricultural industry. High ambient temperatures negatively affect all domestic animals. While it is true that pork and dairy production suffer the consequences of heat waves, it is actually the poultry industry which is hit the hardest by the heat stress poultry must endure due to hotter weather. Consequently, we have a fundamental interest in reducing and/or eliminating the negative effects of climate change, i.e. prolonged high ambient temperatures. The aim of this chapter is to present the adverse effects of heat stress on energy metabolism, anti- and pro-oxidant capacity and production in birds. A further goal is to show how various feed additives (e.g. vitamin A, C and E, selenium, zinc, betaine, plant extract, and probiotics) can reduce the negative effects of heat stress. Based on the large number of recent scientific findings, the following conclusions were drawn: Using fat in the diet (up to 5%) can reduce heat production in livestock. Vitamins (e.g. A, E and C) are capable of reacting with free radicals. Vitamin E and Vitamin C, Zn, and Se supplementation improved antioxidant parameters. Antioxidant potential of vitamins and micro minerals is more efficient in combination under heat stress in poultry nutrition. Plant extracts (e.g. oregano) could decrease the negative effects of heat stress on antioxidant enzyme activity due to its antioxidant constituents. Betaine reduces heat production in animals at high ambient temperatures. While acute heat stress induces a drop in feed intake, with the resulting increased nutrient demand leading to weight loss, if heat stress is prolonged, adaptation will occur. Probiotics and vitamins (C and E) seem to be the most effective means to reduce the negative effects of heat stress.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Gut Microbiota Composition as a Biomarker of Heat Stress in Monogastric Species: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1833
Author(s):  
Yuqing He ◽  
Christian Maltecca ◽  
Francesco Tiezzi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Monogastric Animal ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Heat stress is a current challenge for livestock production, and its impact could dramatically increase if global temperatures continue to climb. Exposure of agricultural animals to high ambient temperatures and humidity would lead to substantial economic losses because it compromises animal performance, productivity, health, and welfare. The gut microbiota plays essential roles in nutrient absorption, energy balance, and immune defenses through profound symbiotic interactions with the host. The homeostasis of those diverse gut microorganisms is critical for the host’s overall health and welfare status and also is sensitive to environmental stressors, like heat stress, reflected in altered composition and functionality. This article aims to summarize the research progress on the interactions between heat stress and gut microbiome and discuss the potential use of the gut microbiota composition as a biomarker of heat stress in monogastric animal species. A comprehensive understanding of the gut microbiota’s role in responding to or regulating physiological activities induced by heat stress would contribute to developing mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Ryegrass endophyte-related heat stress in cattle

1995 ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Easton ◽  
G.A. Lane ◽  
B.A. Tapper ◽  
R.G. Keogh ◽  
B.M. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Tall Fescue Toxicosis

Heat stress in Northland cattle has been shown to be similar to tall fescue toxicosis as described in south-east USA, but incidence has not been correlated with the presence of tall fescue on farms. Tall fescue toxicosis results from grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue, and is caused by the alkaloid ergovaline. Cases are described of cattle suffering typical symptoms of ergovaline poisoning, though they had negligible access to tall fescue. Pasture surveys have shown ergovaline levels in ryegrass pastures to often be sufficient to cause toxicosis. Ambient temperatures interact with ingestion of toxin to cause heat stress. It is suggested that usual weather conditions in New Zealand temper the negative effects of the toxin. Higher temperatures increase the levels of ergovaline in pasture, and increase the sensitivity of livestock to it. Heat stress in North Island cattle probably usually results from the interaction of particular environmental conditions with the grazing of perennial ryegrass. Keywords: endophyte, ergovaline, fescue toxicosis, heat stress, Lolium perenne

Problems of Development of Small and Medium Russian Towns

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
V V. Kafidov ◽  
V. N. Filippov ◽  
I. P. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
New Buildings

The presented study addresses the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. Aim. The study aims to examine a town as a socio-economic environment where its residents exist and as the fundamental factor for the development of society.Tasks. The authors identify key problems in the development of small and medium Russian towns, which interferes with the historical appearance and has a negative impact on the living environment.Methods. Problems in the development of small and medium towns in Russia are examined using theoretical methods: systematic approach, statistical analysis, social and philosophical analysis.Results. The study identifies the main negative effects of the existing model of development of small and medium Russian towns, such as destruction of their historical and cultural appearance, distortion of the overall architectural motif, increased load on communications, and congestion of the transport infrastructure.Conclusions. At the current stage, efficient development of small and medium towns in Russia is impossible within the framework of the existing infill development. This chaotic process cannot be stopped without a new conceptual approach and changes in the legislative and normative framework of urban development. The only factor that determines the boundaries of the existing approach to urban development is the lack of physical space for new buildings in urban areas. The authors formulate proposals that would help to solve the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. 

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