Influence of crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on the humus state of the soil in a long-term stationary experiment

The aim of the study is to find out the feasibility of including green manured fallow in specialized sugar beet crop rotations by comparing necessary assessment indicators with their values in a traditional crop rotation with black fallow against the background of unequal fertilization levels. The study was based on the analysis of experimental data from a long-term stationary experiment, laid out simultaneously in all fields and variants on typical chernozem in triplicate. The results are as follows: within the same fertilization levels, no significant differences in the yield of winter wheat (sugar beet precursor) were revealed, and the yield of sugar beet in a crop rotation with green manured fallow was stably higher (no more than 5 to 7%), an increase in yield relative to the control fertilizer variant (6 tons of manure per hectare per year) against the background of a double rate of manure in combination with mineral fertilizers amounted to 21.7 to 23.4% for wheat and 14.3 to 15.6% for beets with an increase in the productivity of crop rotations (in natural and value terms) by 1.2 times, but an increase in costs by 1.3 times caused an absolute decrease in the level of profitability by 23 to 25%. Differences in the assessment indicators for specific fertilization variants increased over time due to an unequal degree of soil fertility reproduction, and therefore in the fifth cycle of the crop rotation with black fallow turned out to be 1.1 to 1.3 times greater than in the green manured rotation.

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Efficiency of fertilizers on irrigated light chestnut soils of the dry steppe of the Volga region (analytical review)

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2020i11pp48-53 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 48-53

Author(s):

Виктор Васильевич Пронько ◽

Nina Anatolyevna Pronko ◽

Vladimir Arkadievich Romanenkov ◽

Olga Vladimirovna Rukhovich ◽

Maya Valerievna Belichenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Legumes ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Short Term ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Dry Steppe ◽

Agrochemical Properties ◽

Analytical Review ◽

The Republic

The article provides an overview of agrochemical studies carried out on irrigated light chestnut and brown semi-desert soils of the Saratov, Volgograd regions and the Republic of Kalmykia. It is noted that in stationary experiments carried out in these regions, the influence of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on the transformation of agrochemical properties and the productivity of crop rotations of various specializations was studied. In numerous short-term experiments, the optimal types, doses and timing of mineral fertilizers were determined for the cultivation of cereals (spring and winter wheat, corn and sorghum for grain), legumes (soybeans, chickpeas), forage crops (Sudan grass, sugar sorghum, alfalfa, cereal mixtures for estuaries), technical (camelina, mustard) and vegetable (tomatoes, onions) crops.

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BY-FARM FORAGE LANDS, CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS

Adaptive Fodder Production ◽

10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2019-4-27-35 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (4) ◽

pp. 27-35

Author(s):

Andrey Krasnoperov1 ◽

Nikolay Buyankin ◽

Tatyana Troyan ◽

Alina Kondratskaya

Keyword(s):

Soil Cover ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Current Status ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

The West ◽

Long Period ◽

The North ◽

Fodder Production ◽

Perennial Legume

Monitoring of the soil cover of the farmlands for a long period of time is relevant in fodder production, since the mechanical intensive use of fodder lands, uneven grazing of livestock, and non-compliance with the restoration of pastures and meadows inevitably affect the productivity of the farmlands for crop rotations. A tendency has been revealed towards the restoration of near-farm forage lands due to the plowing and sowing of perennial legume-cereal mixtures, the regular application of mineral fertilizers and lime. Particular attention is paid to the study of the dynamics of humus and acidity of the soil cover during long-term mowing and pasture use. The cultural and technical characteristics of the fodder area located in the Polessky region bordering the A190 Kaliningrad–Polessk regional highway (from the south), the federal railway (from the north), polder lands (from the west) and the settlement (from the east) are given. The soil cover of the site is represented by four homogeneous elementary soil ranges, with characteristics of size, shape, and irregular borders. The selected contours of forage lands are gradually restored by the content of humus in the process of radical improvement and deoxidation of the soil. The interrelation of these causes with the intensity and ways of using the feeding grounds is established.

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INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGIZATION FACTORS ON THE YIELD OF WINTER RYE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KAMA OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/article_599ac57819ecc0.70973336 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 9-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Марсель Ахметзянов ◽

Marsel Akhmetzyanov

Keyword(s):

Crop Yields ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

High Yield ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Straw Yield ◽

The Republic

The research was carried out on the experimental field of the General Agriculture, Plant protection and Selection Department of Kazan State Agrarian University by bookmarking a long-term in-patient experience. Research was conducted on two bookmarks of the stationary experience of General Agriculture Department in the links of the crop rotation of fallows - winter rye. The following issues were laid and studied at the station: crop rotations, nutrition backgrounds, soil cultivation. One of the tasks, set before the research, was to determine the effect of embedding biological agents into the soil on the indices of soil fertility and on crop yields in crop rotations. Nutrients contributed to the formation of a higher crop, even in the absence of fertilizers, for example, the straw yield was generated 22.5 centner per hectare, and with the use of intermediate syderat - 23.6, while without biogenes - 20.08 centner per hectare. A comparatively high yield was obtained with the use of siderate for a combined treatment system - 26.7 centner per hectare. When the estimated doses of mineral fertilizers were applied into the soil in terms of biologic background, the winter rye productivity increased even further, the increase to the background without fertilizers was 9.6-14.0 centner per hectare.

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The use of natural resources and reproduction of soil fertility in obtaining a given quantity of products

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213202006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 02006

Author(s):

Alexander Akimenko ◽

Nina Masyutenko ◽

Tatiana Dudkina

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Energy Content ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽

Energy Flows

The purpose of the study is to determine the suitability for making sound decisions on the reproduction of soil fertility of the following quantitative laws of the methodology for managing material and energy flows in crop rotations: the energy content of 1 ton of humus (in GJ) is equal to half the nitrogen contained in it (in kg); the amount of exchangeable energy (in GJ) in 100 kg of phytomass is equal to the halfsum (in kg) of nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide (about 2/3 of it falls on nitrogen). The approbation was carried out on the data of long-term stationary experiment. The results are as follows: with an increase in the level of fertilizer, nitrogen removal with the yield increased by 30–40%, and that of phosphorus by 6–12%; due to doubling the manure rate and the use of mineral fertilizers, the phosphorus balance became positive, and the nitrogen one remained negative, but improved by 17–28% depending on the type of a crop rotation. The deviation of the calculated balance of the exchangeable energy from the actual one on the poorly and most richly fertilized backgrounds was -5.5 to -11.9% and 3.0 to 8.6%., respectively.

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Long-term crop rotation effects on winter and spring cereals productivity

Žemės ūkio mokslai ◽

10.6001/zemesukiomokslai.v26i2.4060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽

Ingė Auželienė ◽

Vaclovas Bogužas

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Row Crops ◽

Productivity Indicators

A long-term field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of the VDU Agriculture Academy (formerly Aleksandras Stulginskis University), Institute of Agroecosystems crop rotation collection (equipped in 1967), during 2015–2017. The soil of the Experimental site is moderately fine textured Calc(ar)i-Endohypogleyic Luvisol. The research was carried out on winter rye (Secale cereale L.) ‘Matador’, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ‘Skagen’ and 71 spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ‘Orphelija’, which were sown in 8 different crop rotations after different preceding crops and rye monoculture. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of long-term crop rotation combinations on testing crops yield and productivity indicators. In many cases, rye productivity indicators were lower during 50-year monocropping. The best productivity indicators were obtained by growing rye in them in grass and fallow crop sequences, and for winter wheat in fallow with vetch–oat mixture for fodder and after manure application. In rye these indicators were more dependent on the precipitation amount and the amount of the sum of temperature during the period of generative organ formation. Among these indicators and the number of productive stems, a statistically strong and medium strength correlation interaction was identified: r = 0.83, P ≤ 0.01; r = 0.90, P ≤ 0.05; r = 0.58, P ≤ 0.05; r = 0.85, P ≤ 0.01; and winter weat r = 0.87, P ≤ 0.01; r = 0.89, P ≤ 0.01. The highest winter wheat productivity was established in crop rotation after perennial grasses and leguminous crops. Crop yield in monoculture decreases, but the optimal amount of mineral fertilizers saves lower but stable yields. Spring barley is less dependent on preceding crop, so it can be grown after winter cereals. However, they are more productive when sown after row crops and in crop rotations where one of the rotation members is fertilized with organic fertilizers.

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The effectiveness of granular chalk use for growing winter wheat on grey forest soil

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-181-191 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 181-191

Author(s):

M. Tkachenko ◽

N. Borys ◽

Ye. Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Active Substance ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

Grey Forest Soil

The research aims to establish the eff ectiveness of granular chalk use produced by «Slavuta-Calcium» Ltd. under growing Poliska–90 winter wheat variety, changing the physicochemical properties of grey forest soil and the wheat productivity. It also aims to establish optimal dosis of «Slavuta-Calcium» granular chalk as the meliorant and mineral fertilizer for grey forest soil in the system of winter wheat fertilization. In the temporary fi eld studies, various doses of nutrients N60–90–120P30–45–60K60–90–120 combined with «Slavuta–Calcium» granular chalk in a dose of Ca230–460–690 kg/ha of the active substance were studied against the background of secondary plowing of rotation products – soybean biomass that averaged 2.34 t/ha. Granular chalk is a modern complex highly eff ective meliorant with the content of Ca – 37.7 and Mg – 0.2 %, the mass fraction of carbonates (CaCO3 + MgCO3) makes at least 95 %. It is characterized by a high level of solubility when interacting with moisture in soil. It has a form of white granules, the mass fraction of 4.0–6.0 mm in size granules makes not less than 90 % and the one of 1.0 mm in size makes less than 5 %. Reactivity – 97 %. The granular chalk is advisable to apply on acidic soils, as a highly concentrated calcium-magnesium fertilizer, with the former as the dominant fertilizer, to optimize the physicochemical properties of the soil, as well as the plant nutrition system, in particular, increasing the availability of an element for assimilation by plants and as long-term ameliorants. The eff ectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers, in particular acidic nitrogen on highly and medium acidic soils, after chemical reclamation is increased by 30–50 %, and slightly acidic by 15–20 %. The increase in productivity of crops from the combined eff ects of nutrients and chalk granulated is usually higher than when separately applied. The eff ectiveness of the integrated action of these elements is manifested in the growth of plant productivity and the quality of the resulting products, as well as the optimization of physical chemical properties and soil buff ering in the long term. In order to optimize the physicochemical properties of the arable layer of gray forest soil and the productive nutrition of agricultural crops, winter wheat, in particular, biogenic elements should be used in doses N60-90-120P30-45- 60K60-90-120 with granulated chalk «Slavuta-Calcium» in doses of Ca230-460-690 kg/ha of active substance. Granulated chalk obtained as a result of industrial grinding of solid sedimentary carbonate rocks of natural origin, subsequently under the infl uence of the granulation process of the starting material contains Ca and Mg carbonates of at least 95 %, dense granules which facilitates convenient mechanized application, as well as chalk suitable for accurate metered application on the quest map. Key words: granular chalk, gray forest soil, chemical reclamation, crop productivity.

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Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

Multifunctional adaptive feed production № 23 (71) ◽

10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-38-42 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽

Oksana Artyuhova ◽

Vera Svirina

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Gray Forest Soil ◽

Arable Land ◽

Perennial Grasses ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Field Crop ◽

Pure Steam ◽

Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

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TRANSFORMATION FEATURES OF THE DRAINED PEAT-PODZOL GLEY SOILS UNDER LONG-TERM AGRICULTURAL USE

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2018/3/25-28 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 25-28

Author(s):

V. А. Shevchenko ◽

A. V. Nefedov ◽

A. V. Ilinskiy ◽

А. Е. Morozov

Keyword(s):

Humus Horizon ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Peat Layer ◽

Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Mineralization Processes ◽

Agricultural Use ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Plough Layer

Long-term observations of the drained soil of peat-podzolic-gley light loam on ancient alluvial sands state on the example of the meliorative object "Tinky-2" showed that under the influence of agricultural use in the soil, the organic matter mineralization processes are accelerated. During the drainage process, the soil evolutionarily suffered the following changes: the peat layer was compacted, humified and mineralized, which was a reason of the transformation them into the humus horizon. Based on the monitoring studies results it was established that during 21 intensive use years the peat layer thickness was decreased by 74.5% and amounted to 5.51 inch, which in the following 20 years was decreased to a layer of 1.18 inch, and for another 14 years it became a homogeneous humus horizon containing difficulty identifiable plant remains. For half a century, the bulk density increased by 6 times and the total moisture capacity of the soil decreased by 3.6 times. Other indicators were changed significantly. So, the ash content by 2016 increased from 11.2% to 52.7%. It was a reason of the plough-layer decreasing and it mixes with the mineral sand horizon during plowing. It should also be noted that the total nitrogen content in the soil decreased by 1.13%, and total carbon by 15.3% from 1982 to 2016. The dynamics of changes in the soil acidity, phosphorus and potassium content is associated with the introduction of calcareous, organic and mineral fertilizers in the 1980s. The unsystematic exploitation of such soils leads to decrease in the agricultural products productivity and increase in energy costs. When planning these soils usage in agricultural production, it is necessary to develop and implement modern melioration technologies and techniques aimed to increase soil fertility.

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Effects of Long Term Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Enzymes

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.10.6590 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (10) ◽

pp. 2608-1612 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alina Dora Samuel ◽

Simona Bungau ◽

Delia Mirela Tit ◽

Carmen Elena Melinte (Frunzulica) ◽

Lavinia Purza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Soil Enzymes ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Enzymatic Activities ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Soil Biology ◽

Soil Biological Activity ◽

Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Long term productivity and conservation of soils is critical for sustaining agricultural ecosystems. The specific objective of the work reported was to determine the effects of long term application of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil enzyme activity as an index of soil biology and biochemistry. Three key soil enzymes involved in intracellular metabolism of microorganisms and two soil enzymes involved in phosphorus metabolism were selected. Actual and potential dehydrogenase, catalase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in the 0-20 cm layer of an eroded soil submitted to a complex fertilization experiment. Results showed that addition of mineral fertilizers to organic (green manure and farmyard manure) fertilizers led to a significant increase in each activity because of increased plant biomass production which upon incorporation stimulates soil biological activity. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality calculated from the values of enzymatic activities depending on the kind of fertilizers showed that by the determination of enzymatic activities valuable information can be obtained regarding fertility status of soils. A weak positive correlation between enzymatic indicators of soil quality and maize yield was established. The yield data demonstrate the superiority of farmyard manure which provided greater stability in crop production. Substantial improvement in soil biological activity due to application of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizers contribute in maintaining the productivity and soil health.

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